1、Process in Translating,RestructuringDo you remember the translation criteria for learners of translation?,Process in Translating,RestructuringFaithfulness vs. Smoothness,Process in Translating,Restructuring寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。Seek, seek; search, search;Cold, cold; bare, bare;Grief, grief; c
2、ruel, cruel grief.Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,How hard to calm the heart!,Process in Translating,RestructuringI look for what I miss,I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear,So lonely, without cheer,How hard is itTo keep me fitIn this lingering cold!,Process in Translating,Restru
3、cturingForm vs. Content在文学语言符号中，形式本身就具有一定的意义，形式与内容不是一种可分的二元对立关系，即形式与内容密不可分。因此，在翻译时要关注语音问题、语言结构、语言的意义、图式化结构、意象和形而上质（原文隐藏的韵味）,Process in Translating,RestructuringForm vs. ContentThe first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadow
4、s, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead!初雪飘临，多么美啊！它整日整夜地飘落着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在生者的屋顶上，落在逝者的墓地上！,Process in Translating,RestructuringForm vs. ContentSweet funeral bells from some incalculable distance, wailing over the dead that die before the dawn, awakened me as I slept in a boat moored
5、 to some familiar shore.悠远的丧钟来自缥缈的远方，悲泣着天明前的逝者，也把在岸边停泊的船中熟睡的我惊醒。,Process in Translating,RestructuringForm vs. Content. saw this marble arm uttering her dying hope, and then her dying despair.眼见着这只玉臂发出女孩的最后的希望，紧接着，发出她最后的绝望。我看见那玉臂呼喊着垂死的希望，然后是垂死的绝望。,Process in Translating,RestructuringRe-creation,Proce
6、ss in Translating,Revisionaccurate?natural, economical?,E C Translation,Lecture 5 Avoiding Translationese,What is Translationese？,Nida (1959): “formal fidelity which results in unfaithfulness to the content and impact of the message“ 陆谷孙：“表达不流畅、不地道的翻译文体；翻译腔；佶屈聱牙的翻译语言”。,Features of Translationese,Lac
7、k of fluency which violates the norm of ChineseWhen the lady ticket-seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.？当女售票员看见我，她那在其他情况下还挺妩媚的面孔突然变色，变得怒气冲冲。,Features of Translationese,Lack of fluency which violates the norm of ChineseI had not known you a month before I felt that
8、 you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry.？我还没有认识你一个月，就觉得像你这样一个人，在天下男人中我最不愿意和他结婚的就是你。,Features of Translationese,Obscure meaning which confuses the readersThey (Jeans) draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American.？它们没有什么区别，也不分什么阶级；它们仅仅是
9、美国人的。,Causes of Translationese,照搬英汉词典的释义His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.？他的烦恼经不起安静的良宵美景的感染力。,Causes of Translationese,照搬英汉词典的释义The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible. Many m
10、acho consultants mocked the exercise at firstsurely only wimps switch off their smartphones? But eventually it forced people to work more productively while reducing burnout.,Causes of Translationese,照搬英汉词典的释义该公司给员工们制定了下线的规定，并鼓励员工相互体谅，一起执行。一开始，许多有男子气概的咨询员对此颇有微词，觉得只有无能者才会把智能手机关掉。但这最终使得人们精力充沛，工作效率也随之提
11、高。,Causes of Translationese,照搬英汉词典的释义公司规定了固定时段，要求员工关闭智能手机，并鼓励大家相互督促、共同执行。起初，许多自以为是的咨询师对这一做法嗤之以鼻，认为只有傻瓜才会去关机。但是后来，员工的精力因此得到了保证，工作效率也提高了。,Causes of Translationese,照搬英汉词典的释义Like my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When Im bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and d
12、oodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees.？就像我的朋友一样，我现在有了一种代替抱怨的东西。当我对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿出铅笔到后院去心不在焉地乱涂一个小时，试图画出看上去像树的树木速写。,Causes of Translationese,未能摆脱原文语句结构的影响Distance from the event should make the memories less painful.？事件的久远自然会减少回忆的痛苦。,Causes of Translationese,未能摆脱原文语句结构的影响Interes
13、t in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.？对历史研究方法的兴趣较少来自于把历史作为一门学科的有效性的外界挑战，而更多来自于历史学家们内部的争论。,Causes of Translationese,未能摆脱原文语句结构的影响I surprised the company b
14、y refusing to drink the dark red beverage poured out of a fat bellied bottle neatly dressed in a tight-fitting straw jacket.？当我拒绝喝从一个密封草套精致地装饰的大肚子瓶子里倒出来的深红色饮料时，大家吃了一惊。,Causes of Translationese,未能摆脱原文语句结构的影响Those who judged of his ultimate success by the failure of his first attempt were agreeably di
15、sappointed.？那些从他初次尝试遭到失败便断定他的最后结局的人，高兴地失望了。,Causes of Translationese,照搬原文的功能词Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.？无论你想吃什么东西，只要告诉我。At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called.？在伊顿，学生们站在一起，当他们的名字被叫到的时候，就举举帽子。,Causes of Translationese,照搬原文的功能词Surely, though, i
16、f a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.,Causes of Translationese,照搬原文的功能词可是，如果能把电脑造得足够复杂的话，那它一定能像我们一样富于创造力。倘若它能像人脑那样复杂，它就能与人脑旗鼓相当，完成人脑所能做的一
17、切。,Causes of Translationese,照搬原文的功能词Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings this is all the work of science.？收集资料，对它们进行论证，提出理论，对它们进行检验，加上对研究成果进行归纳整理这就是全部的科学工作。,Causes of Translationese,未能意识到搭配方面的差异But the steps become deeper and deeper, and at las
18、t I had to drop down the length of my body and more.？不过台阶越来越深，最后我得从跟我一样高、甚至比我还高的台阶上爬下去。,Causes of Translationese,未能了解副词的修饰对象The success rate of up to 90% claimed for lie detectors is misleadingly attractive.据称，测谎器的成功率高达90%，这颇有吸引力，但会造成误导。,Causes of Translationese,未能了解副词的修饰对象Law enforcement cannot res
19、ponsibly stand aloof.执法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是没有尽到责任。She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.她以高超的厨艺为傲，这是情有可原的。,Causes of Translationese,未能真正理解原文抽象表述的含义But she had the dismal precocity of poverty. Many a dun had she talked to, and turned away from her fathers door; many a tradesman had she coaxed a
20、nd wheedled into good-humour, and into the granting of one meal more. （Vanity Fair）,Causes of Translationese,未能真正理解原文抽象表述的含义其实贫困的生活已经使她养成阴沉沉的脾气，比童年的孩子懂事得多。她常常和那些逼债的打交道，想法子打发他们回去。她有本领甜言蜜语的哄的那些做买卖的回心转意，再让她赊一顿饭吃。（杨必译）,Translationese,Ex. If an entrepreneur was suddenly given as much money as he wanted w
21、ould he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the side of the new activities. This type of marriage is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness.,Translationese - Ex.,4. Smart devices are sometimes empowering. They put a world of informat
22、ion at our fingertips. They free people to work from home instead of squeezing onto a train with malodorous strangers. That is a huge boon for parents seeking flexible work hours. Smartphones and tablets can also promote efficiency by allowing people to get things done in spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee. They can even help slackers create the illusion that they are working around the clock, by programming their e-mail to be sent at 1am.,
