1、 一、虚拟机技术概述虚拟机（VM）是支持多操作系统并行运行在单个物理计算机上的一种系统，能够提供更加有效的底层硬件使用。虚拟机实际上就是一种应用软件，虚拟机软件 VMware 实际上也只是一种应用软件，其特别之处在于，由它创建的虚拟机与真实的计算机几乎一模一样，不但虚拟有自己的CPU、内存、硬盘、光驱，以及自己的 BIOS。在这个 虚拟机上，可以安装 Windows、Linux等真实的操作系统，及各种应用程序。目前比较常用的虚拟机软件有 VMware 和 Virtual PC，它们都能在系统上虚拟出多个计算机，用于安装 Linux、OS/2、FreeBSD 等其他操作系统。相对而言，VMwar
2、e 不论是在多操作系统的支持上，还是在执行效率上，都比 Virtual PC 2004 明显高出一筹。在计算机实践课的时候，譬如操作系统实训、计算机维护这一类需要对计算机的系统进行操作，但是学校的计算机机房都是处于保护状态的，在我们调整的系统后不能看出效果或者根本就不能进行操作。这个时候运用虚拟机就能够避免这种问题了。二、虚拟机的优点1.方便安装多个操作系统假如要在一台计算机上安装多个操作系统，在不使用虚拟机的情况下，有两种方式：其一是装计算机上安装多个硬盘，每个硬盘安装一个操作系统。其二是在同一个硬盘的不同分区上安装多个操作系统。这种安装方式下几个操作系统之间有相互的影响，它们共用同一个 M
3、BR，并且它们只是在不同的分区上，文件可以相互操作，这样就可能造成操作系统更容易被损坏。但如果使用虚拟机软件则不然，不同的虚拟机就是不同的逻辑计算机，就算是系统崩溃，只要硬盘没有损坏，则虚拟机中的系统就不会有任何的损坏，并且也不相互干扰。特别是对想 Linux 和 Unix 的操作系统来说非常方便。2.方便进行软件测试在虚拟机中进行软件测试的时候，据相当于是在另外一台计算机上进行软件的安装和测试。如此，在正常的系统下安装自己的常用软件，不影响自己计算机的正常使用，而在虚拟机下就可以只安装你所需要测试软件，避免的正常使用时候对软件测试的干扰，同样也避免了在进行软件测试的时候自己无法正常的使用计算
4、机，更能够避免软件测试时所造成的系统崩溃引起计算机无法使用和文件都丢失。三、虚拟机的硬件要求虚拟机需要将两台及以上的电脑的任务集中在一台计算机上运行处理，所以对硬件的要求相对比较高，其中主要的要求包括 CPU、硬盘和内存的要求。目前的计算机 CPU 基本上都是 Intel Core i3 三代、四代以上，硬盘都是几百 GB 上 TB 的容量，这样的配置已经能轻松地满足要求。其中关键是内存。内存的需求等于多个操作系统需求的总和。现在基本上的计算机的内存容量都在 2GB、4GB 以上，也基本不成问题。VMware Workstation 10 的最小系统要求为：处理器：64 位 x86 Intel
5、 CoreTM 单核处理器或同等级别的处理器， AMD AthlonTM 64 FX 双核处理器或同等级别的处理器 1.3 GHz 或更快的核心速度内存：至少 2 GB RAM，建议 4 GB硬盘：应用需要 1.2 GB 磁盘空间。 每个虚拟机需要额外的硬盘空间四、虚拟机的运行环境VMware Workstation 可以运行在 Windows（WinNT 以上）和 Linux 操作系统上。Virtual PC 则只能运行在 Windows 和 MacOS 操作系上。五、VMware Workstation 的使用虚拟机只是提供了一个虚拟的计算机，它的使用比较简单方便，主要就包含虚拟机软件安装
6、、虚拟计算机的创建、调整和使用。1.安装首先从 VMware 公司网站现在 VMware Workstation 10 这个软件，下载完成之后直接的默认安装就可以了。2.虚拟机的创建启动 VMware 之后，单击窗口右边的图标开始创建虚拟机，按照默认步骤创建即可，其中需要注意的有两点：一是在选择“客户机操作系统”的时候选择你准备要在虚拟机中安装 Windows 或者 Linux 系统即可。二是在选择虚拟机的位置的时候要选择一个分区足够大的磁盘，避免以后在使用的过程中磁盘容量不足，最好不要选择在系统分区上。3.虚拟机的调整主要需要调整的是两个方面，一个是调整 CD/DVD 中 ISO 镜像文件的
7、位置，通过选择不同的镜像文件就相当于在计算机光驱中放入了不同的光盘。另一个是根据你的物理内存大小和你在虚拟机中所要安装的操作系统不同，给虚拟机设置适当的内存大小。4.虚拟机的使用选中虚拟机后单击工具栏上按钮就可以启动虚拟机了，这个虚拟的计算机的使用与实际的计算机没有什么区别，我们对他进行系统安装、软件安装后就可以正常的使用。其中通过在虚拟机窗口单击鼠标左键将鼠标和键盘切换到虚拟机中操作，按键盘上的 Ctrl+Alt键则可以将鼠标和键盘重新切换到正常系统中。5.文件传输为了方便系统与虚拟机系统之间文件的传输，VMware 提供了映射磁盘的方法和VMware Tools 插件，其中 VMwareT
8、ools 插件更好，避免了映射的分区同时只能由系统或虚拟机系统其中一个使用。总之，在计算机实践课上合理的使用虚拟机能够大大的方便我们的使用，避免与机房管理之间的矛盾。First, the virtual machine technology overviewVirtual machine (VM) is a system that supports multiple operating systems running in parallel on a single physical machine, which can provide a more efficient use of the u
9、nderlying hardware.Virtual machine actually is a kind of application software, virtual machine VMware software actually is a kind of application software, and is characterized in that:, created by the virtual machine and the real computers almost exactly the same, not only virtual own CPU, memory, h
10、ard disk, CD-ROM, and their own BIOS. On this virtual machine, you can install Windows, Linux and other real operating system, and a variety of applications. Currently more commonly used virtual machine software VMware and PC Virtual, they are able to virtual out of the system on the system, for the
11、 installation of Linux, OS/2, FreeBSD and other operating systems. Relatively speaking, VMware both in support of multiple operating systems, or in execution efficiency, Virtual PC 2004 was significantly higher than.In the practice course of computer, such as operating system training, computer main
12、tenance the need of computer operating system, but the school computer room are in the state of conservation, in the adjustment of our system cannot see the effect or simply cant into operation. This time using a virtual machine to be able to avoid this problem.Two, the advantages of virtual machine
13、1 convenient installation of multiple operating systemsIf you want to install multiple operating systems on a computer, in the case of not using the virtual machine, there are two ways: one is installed on a computer installed on a number of hard drives, each hard disk to install an operating system
14、. The other is to install multiple operating systems on the same hard disk partition. This installation under several operating systems have mutual influence, they shared a MBR, and they are just in a different partition, files can be mutual operation, so that it may be caused by an operating system
15、 is easier to be damaged. But if you use the virtual machine software or different virtual machine is different logic computer, even system collapse, as long as the hard drive is not damaged, virtual machines in the system will not have any damage, and do not interfere with each other. Especially fo
16、r the Linux and Unix operating system is very convenient.2 to facilitate software testingWhen the software is tested in the virtual machine, the software is installed and tested on the other computer. So, under the normal system installation own commonly used software, does not affect the normal use
17、 of the computer itself, and in the virtual machine can be installed only you need to test software, to avoid the normal use of software testing interference, also to avoid the in software test when he could not properly use of computers, more able to avoid software testing caused by the collapse of
18、 the system caused by computer unusable and files are missing.Three, the hardware requirements of the virtual machineVirtual machine needs to be more than two or more of the tasks of the computer focused on a computer running processing, so the requirements of the hardware is relatively high, the
19、 main requirements include CPU, hard disk and memory requirements. The current computer CPU are basically Core I3 Intel three generations, more than four generations, the hard disk is a few hundred TB on the capacity of GB, such a configuration has been able to easily meet the requirements. The key
20、is memory. The memory requirement is equal to the sum of the requirements of multiple operating systems. Now basically the computers memory capacity in 2GB, 4GB or more, it is not a problem.Minimum system requirements for Workstation VMware 10 are:Processor: 64 bit Intel CoreTM x86 single core proce
21、ssor or equivalent level processor, AthlonTM AMD 64 FX dual core processor or equivalent level processor 1.3 GHz or faster core speedRam: at least 2 RAM GB, recommended 4 GBHard disk: application requires 1.2 GB disk space. Each virtual machine needs extra hard disk spaceFour, virtual machine operat
22、ing environmentWorkstation VMware can run on Windows (WinNT) and Linux operating system. PC Virtual can only run on the Windows and MacOS operating system.Five, the use of Workstation VMwareVirtual machine only provides a virtual computer, its use is relatively simple and convenient, mainly contains
23、 the virtual machine software installation, virtual computer creation, adjustment and use.1 installationFirst from VMware company website now Workstation VMware 10 this software, download the complete installation of the default directly on it.2 virtual machine creationAfter the start of VMware, cli
24、ck on the right of the window icon to create a virtual machine, in accordance with the default steps can create, which need to pay attention to the there are two: one is when select the client operating system you choose to in the virtual machine installation, windows or Linux system can be. Two
25、is in the choice of the location of the virtual machine when you want to choose a large enough disk partition, to avoid the use of the process in the process of disk capacity is not enough, it is best not to choose the system partition.3 adjustment of virtual machineMainly need to adjust the two asp
26、ects, one is the location of the adjustment of the CD / DVD ISO image file by choosing different image file is equivalent to put in the computer CD-ROM discs with different. Another is based on the size of your physical memory and the operating system you want to install in the virtual machine is different, to set the appropriate size of the memory of the virtual machine.
