1、中文名称泰利霉素别名 红霉酮(特利霉素) 英文名称 Telithromycin英文别名KETEK; (1R,2R,4R,6S,7R,8R,10R,13R,14S)-7-(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-Dimethylamino-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yloxy-13-ethyl-6-methoxy-2,4,6,8,10,14-hexamethyl-17-4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl-12,15-dioxa-17-azabicyclo12.3.0heptadecane-3,9,11,16-tetroneCAS NO. 191
2、114-48-4EINECS 分子式 C43H65N5O10分子结构图【药物名称】Telithromycin, RU-66647, HMR-3647, Levviax, Ketek化学结构式(Chemical Structure):参考文献 No. 28301标题: Novel erythromycin derivs., method for their preparation and their use as drugs作者: Agouridas, C.; Chantot, J.-F.; Denis, A.; Gouin dAmbrieres, S.; Le Martret, O. (Ave
3、ntis Pharma SA)来源: EP 0680967; FR 2719587; JP 1996053489; JP 1999152296; US 5635485; WO 9529929合成路线图解说明: The selective mesylation of 2-O-acetyl-3-des(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribohexopyranosyloxy)-6-O-methyl-3-oxoerythromycin A (I) with methanesulfonic anhydride in pyridine gives th
4、e expected 11-O-methanesulfonyl derivative (II), which is treated with 1,8-diazabicyclo5.4.0undec-7-ene (DBU) in acetone to yield the 10,11-didehydro derivative (III). The acylation of (III) with carbonyl diimidazole (IV) by means of NaH in THF affords the 12-O-acyl derivative (V), which is finally
5、cyclocondensed with 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) in hot acetonitrile. The intermediate compound 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) is obtained as follows: The condensation of N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide (VII) with 4-(3-pyridyl)imidazole (VIII) by means of NaH in DMF gives N-4
6、-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylphthalimide (IX), which is then treated with hydrazine in refluxing ethanol.参考文献 No. 34565标题: Novel erythromycin derivs., their process of preparation and their application as medicines作者: Agouridas, C.; Chantot, J.F.; Denis, A.; Gouin dAmbrieres, S.; Le Martret, O. (
7、Aventis Pharma SA)来源: FR 2732684合成路线图解说明: The selective mesylation of 2-O-acetyl-3-des(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribohexopyranosyloxy)-6-O-methyl-3-oxoerythromycin A (I) with methanesulfonic anhydride in pyridine gives the expected 11-O-methanesulfonyl derivative (II), which is treat
8、ed with 1,8-diazabicyclo5.4.0undec-7-ene (DBU) in acetone to yield the 10,11-didehydro derivative (III). The acylation of (III) with carbonyl diimidazole (IV) by means of NaH in THF affords the 12-O-acyl derivative (V), which is finally cyclocondensed with 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI)
9、 in hot acetonitrile. The intermediate compound 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) is obtained as follows: The condensation of N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide (VII) with 4-(3-pyridyl)imidazole (VIII) by means of NaH in DMF gives N-4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylphthalimide (IX), which is then
10、 treated with hydrazine in refluxing ethanol.参考文献 No. 461707标题: HMR-3647作者: Casta 馿 r, J.; Graul, A.来源: Drugs Fut 1998,23(6),591合成路线图解说明: The selective mesylation of 2-O-acetyl-3-des(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribohexopyranosyloxy)-6-O-methyl-3-oxoerythromycin A (I) with methanesulfon
11、ic anhydride in pyridine gives the expected 11-O-methanesulfonyl derivative (II), which is treated with 1,8-diazabicyclo5.4.0undec-7-ene (DBU) in acetone to yield the 10,11-didehydro derivative (III). The acylation of (III) with carbonyl diimidazole (IV) by means of NaH in THF affords the 12-O-acyl
12、derivative (V), which is finally cyclocondensed with 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) in hot acetonitrile. The intermediate compound 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) is obtained as follows: The condensation of N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide (VII) with 4-(3-pyridyl)imidazole (VIII)
13、 by means of NaH in DMF gives N-4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylphthalimide (IX), which is then treated with hydrazine in refluxing ethanol.参考文献 No. 557405标题: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of HMR 3647 a new ketolide highly potent against erythromycin-resistant and susceptible pathogens作者: De
14、nis, A.; Agouridas, C.; Auger, J.M.; Benedetti, Y.; Bonnefoy, A.; Bretin, F.; Chantot, J.F.; Dussarat, A.; Fromentin, C.; DAmbrieres, S.G.; Lachaud, S.; Laurin, P.; Le Martret, O.; Loyau, V.; Tessot, N.; Pejac, J.M.; Perron, S.来源: Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999,9(21),3075合成路线图解说明: The selective mesylatio
15、n of 2-O-acetyl-3-des(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribohexopyranosyloxy)-6-O-methyl-3-oxoerythromycin A (I) with methanesulfonic anhydride in pyridine gives the expected 11-O-methanesulfonyl derivative (II), which is treated with 1,8-diazabicyclo5.4.0undec-7-ene (DBU) in acetone to yiel
16、d the 10,11-didehydro derivative (III). The acylation of (III) with carbonyl diimidazole (IV) by means of NaH in THF affords the 12-O-acyl derivative (V), which is finally cyclocondensed with 4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) in hot acetonitrile. The intermediate compound 4-4-(3-pyridyl)im
17、idazol-1-ylbutylamine (VI) is obtained as follows: The condensation of N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide (VII) with 4-(3-pyridyl)imidazole (VIII) by means of NaH in DMF gives N-4-4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-ylbutylphthalimide (IX), which is then treated with hydrazine in refluxing ethanol.【药物名称】Cethromycin, A
18、-195773.0, ABT-773化学结构式(Chemical Structure):参考文献 No. 36092标题: 6-O-Substd. ketolides having antibacterial activity作者: Or, Y.S.; Ma, Z.; Clark, R.F.; Chu, D.T.; Plattner, J.J. (Abbott Laboratories Inc.)来源: EP 0929563; US 5866549; WO 9809978合成路线图解说明: Acidic hydrolysis of the cladinose sugar of 6-O-ally
19、lerythromycin A (III) with HCl in ethanol/water yields the 3-hydroxy intermediate (IX), which is first protected at the 2-OH group with acetic anhydride or benzoyl anhydride to (Xa) or (Xb) and then oxidized with NCS and dimethyl sulfide to the 3-oxoerythromycin derivatives (XIa) or (XIb). The react
20、ion of (XIa) with CDI and LiH or (XIb) first with CDI and NaHMDS, then with DBU and finally with CDI and NaH, provides the 12-O-(1-imidazolylcarbonyl)erythromycin derivatives (XIIa) and (XIIb), which are cyclized with aqueous ammonia to the cyclic carbamates (VII) and (XIIIb). Finally, these compoun
21、ds are condensed with 3-bromoquinoline (VIII) by means of palladium acetate, tris(o-tolyl)phosphine and Et3N in acetonitrile and deprotected with methanol 60-80%.合成路线图解说明: Alkylation of silylated erythromycin oxime (I) with allyl bromide in the presence of t-BuOK provided allyl ether (II). After aci
22、d hydrolysis of the cyclo hexylidene ketal of (II), the oxime group was removed by treatment with NaHSO3 and formic acid to afford ketone (IV). Subsequent cleavage of the 3-O-cladinose unit of (IV) by hydrolysis with HCl furnished ketolide (V). The 2-hydroxyl group of (V) was then protected by benzo
23、ylation with benzoic anhydride yielding (VI).合成路线图解说明: Oxidation of the 3-hydroxyl group of (VI) by means of N-chlorosuccinimide in the presence of Me2S and Et3N produced ketone (VII). A 3-quinolinyl moiety was further introduced on the allyl group of (VII) by treatment with 3-bromoquinoline (VIII)
24、in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and tri-o-tolyl phosphine to yield (IX). Finally, the benzoate ester of (IX) was cleaved by treatment with boiling MeOH.合成路线图解说明: The title ketolide was synthesized starting from 2,4-bis-O-trimethylsilylerythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl)oxime (I). Selective alkyl
25、ation of (I) at the 6-hydroxyl group with propargyl bromide (II) furnished the propargyl ether (III). Then, acidic hydrolysis of the oxime ketal and the silyl ether groups of (III) provided (IV). Conversion of oxime (IV) into the corresponding ketone (V) was accomplished via diazotization with NaNO2
26、 and HCl. The 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups of (V) were then protected by esterification with acetic anhydride and DMAP to afford diacetate (VI). Treatment of (VI) with carbonyldiimidazole and NaH caused the elimination of the 11-hydroxyl group and formation of the 12-O-imidazolide (VII).合成路线图解说明: Convers
27、ion of imidazolide (VII) into the cyclic carbamate (VIII) was carried out employing liquid ammonia in cold acetonitrile. The 3-cladinose moiety of (VIII) was then selectively removed by smooth acidic hydrolysis, yielding (IX). Subsequent oxidation of the 3-hydroxyl group of (IX) by means of N-chlors
28、uccinimide in the presence of dimethyl sulfide led to the ketolide compound (X). Palladium-catalyzed coupling of 3-bromoquinoline (XI) to the terminal acetylenic position of (X) furnished (XII). The title compound was finally obtained by methanolysis of the 2-acetate group of (XII) at room temperatu
29、re.参考文献 No. 43250标题: Erythromycin A derivs.作者: Adachi, T.; Sekiguchi, K.; Sota, K.; Asaka, T.; Matsunaga, T.; Morimoto, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Kashimura, M. (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)来源: EP 0272110; US 4990602合成路线图解说明: The alkylation of 2,4-di-O-(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxycycl
30、ohexyl)oxime (I) with allyl bromide (II) by means of potassium tert-butoxide in DMSO/THF, followed first by acidification with acetic acid and then by treatment with NaHSO3/HCO2H, gives 6-O-allylerythromycin A (III), which is acylated with acetic anhydride in acetonitrile, yielding the diacetate (IV
31、). Reaction of (IV) with either carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and LiH or CDI and sodium hexamethyldisilazane (NaHMDS) in THF affords the 12-O-(imidazolylcarbonyl)erythromycin derivative (V), which is cyclized with NH4OH in acetonitrile / THF, giving the cyclic carbamate (VI). Elimination of the cladinos
32、e group of (VI) by treatment with HCl in ethanol/water followed by reaction with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and dimethyl sulfide in dichloromethane provides the ketolide (VII), which is condensed with 3-bromoquinoline (VIII) under Heck coupling conditions, palladium acetate, tris(o-tolyl)phosphine an
33、d Et3N in acetonitrile, and finally deprotected with MeOH 60-80%.参考文献 No. 46527标题: Process for preparing 6-O-substd. erythromycin derivs.作者: Hill, D.R.; Cooper, A.J.; King, S.A.; Hsu, M.C.-P.; Napier, J.J.; McLaughlin, M.A.; Deshpande, M.N.; Plata, D.J.; Peterson, M.J.; Leanna, M.R.; Ku, Y.-Y.; Rile
34、y, D.; Wittenberger, S.J.; (Abbott Laboratories Inc.)来源: WO 0078773合成路线图解说明: A new synthesis of ABT-773 has been reported: The acylation of erythromycin A 9-oxime (I) with acetic anhydride, TEA and DMAP in THF gives the 2,4,9-tri-O-acetylerythromycin A 9-oxime (II), which is first condensed with 3-(
35、3-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-ol tert-butyl carbonate (III) by means of Pd2(dba)3 and dppb in toluene and then treated with NaOH to yield 2,4-di-O-acetyl-6-O-3-(3-quinolinyl)-2-propenylerythromycin A 9-oxime (IV). Reaction of oxime (IV) with NaHSO3 and HOAc in water/THF affords 4-O-acetyl-6-O-3-(3-quinol
36、inyl)-2-propenylerythromycin A (V), which is benzoylated with benzoic anhydride and TEA in isopropyl acetate/THF to provide 4-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-6-O-3-(3-quinolinyl)-2-propenylery- thromycin A (VI). The reaction of compound (VI) with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS)
37、and ammonia gas in THF/DMF gives the 11-N,12-O-cyclic carbamate erythromycin A derivative (VII). The intermediate 3-(3-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-ol tert-butyl carbonate (III) has been obtained by Grignard condensation of quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (X) with vinylmagnesium bromide (XI) in THF to give the s
38、econdary alcohol (XII), followed by esterification and simultaneous rearrangement with Boc2O in the same solvent.合成路线图解说明: The treatment of cyclic carbamate (VII) with HCl in ethanol produces the cleavage of the cladinosyl sugar moiety, resulting in the 3-hydroxyerythromycin derivative (VIII), which
39、 is oxidized with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in dichloromethane to yield the 3-oxoerythromycin A derivative (IX). Finally, this compound is debenzoylated in refluxing methanol.参考文献 No. 550676标题: Design, synthesis, and characterization of ABT-773: A novel ketolide highly active against multidrug-resis
40、tant pathogens作者: Or, Y.; Clark, R.F.; Ma, Z.来源: 39th Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Sept 26 1999, San Francisco) 1999,Abst F2133合成路线图解说明: The alkylation of 2,4-di-O-(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl)oxime (I) with allyl bromide (II) by means of potassium tert-bu
41、toxide in DMSO/THF, followed first by acidification with acetic acid and then by treatment with NaHSO3/HCO2H, gives 6-O-allylerythromycin A (III), which is acylated with acetic anhydride in acetonitrile, yielding the diacetate (IV). Reaction of (IV) with either carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and LiH or C
42、DI and sodium hexamethyldisilazane (NaHMDS) in THF affords the 12-O-(imidazolylcarbonyl)erythromycin derivative (V), which is cyclized with NH4OH in acetonitrile / THF, giving the cyclic carbamate (VI). Elimination of the cladinose group of (VI) by treatment with HCl in ethanol/water followed by rea
43、ction with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and dimethyl sulfide in dichloromethane provides the ketolide (VII), which is condensed with 3-bromoquinoline (VIII) under Heck coupling conditions, palladium acetate, tris(o-tolyl)phosphine and Et3N in acetonitrile, and finally deprotected with MeOH 60-80%.合成路线图
44、解说明: Acidic hydrolysis of the cladinose sugar of 6-O-allylerythromycin A (III) with HCl in ethanol/water yields the 3-hydroxy intermediate (IX), which is first protected at the 2-OH group with acetic anhydride or benzoyl anhydride to (Xa) or (Xb) and then oxidized with NCS and dimethyl sulfide to th
45、e 3-oxoerythromycin derivatives (XIa) or (XIb). The reaction of (XIa) with CDI and LiH or (XIb) first with CDI and NaHMDS, then with DBU and finally with CDI and NaH, provides the 12-O-(1-imidazolylcarbonyl)erythromycin derivatives (XIIa) and (XIIb), which are cyclized with aqueous ammonia to the cy
46、clic carbamates (VII) and (XIIIb). Finally, these compounds are condensed with 3-bromoquinoline (VIII) by means of palladium acetate, tris(o-tolyl)phosphine and Et3N in acetonitrile and deprotected with methanol 60-80%.参考文献 No. 570672标题: Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial activity of 6-O-substitut
47、ed ketolides active against resistant respiratory tract pathogens作者: Or, Y.S.; Clark, R.F.; Wang, S.; Chu, D.T.W.; Nilius, A.M.; Flamm, R.K.; Mitten, M.; Ewing, P.; Alder, J.; Ma, Z.来源: J Med Chem 2000,43(6),1045-49合成路线图解说明: The alkylation of 2,4-di-O-(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxy
48、cyclohexyl)oxime (I) with allyl bromide (II) by means of potassium tert-butoxide in DMSO/THF, followed first by acidification with acetic acid and then by treatment with NaHSO3/HCO2H, gives 6-O-allylerythromycin A (III), which is acylated with acetic anhydride in acetonitrile, yielding the diacetate
49、 (IV). Reaction of (IV) with either carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and LiH or CDI and sodium hexamethyldisilazane (NaHMDS) in THF affords the 12-O-(imidazolylcarbonyl)erythromycin derivative (V), which is cyclized with NH4OH in acetonitrile / THF, giving the cyclic carbamate (VI). Elimination of the cladinose group of (VI) by treatment with HCl in ethanol/water followed by reaction with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and dimethyl sulfide in dichloromethane provides the ketolide (VII), which is condensed with 3-bromo
