1、现在完成时态,have /has + 过去分词,Present perfect tense The structure of the Present Perfect Tense is:,通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：,1 表示发生在过去对现在仍有影响的动作。 We have already cleaned the classroom . The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.I have already read the book.The boy has come back.,2. 表示一个刚刚完成的动作,They ha
2、ve just returned from France.,3 表示过去发生反复多次的动作。The city is very familiar to me because I have visited it twice. You dont need to describe her, for I have met her several times. This month I have been to Beijing for 5 times.,常与twice,three times等连用,4 表示过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在 表示动作只能用于某些带有延续意义的动词。She has taug
3、ht here since ten years ago. Since 1949, Chinese people have lived a better life.We have been in this school for 3 months.We have learned English for 10 years.瞬间动作要用否定式才能延续I havent seen her for 3 years.I havent seen her since last year.,since +时间点 for +时间段 these days recently so far in the past few
4、years lately by now,延续性与非延续性动词：,判断正误： 延续性动词常与for, how long, since 等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 一些非延续性动词如come, go, leave, die, join, marry 等用于现在完成时，一般不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，此时应改为意义相近的延续性动词来表达。1 He has died for 3 years.2 He has been dead for 3 years.3 He died 3 years ago.4 It has been 3 years since he died.5 How
5、long have you borrowed it?,F,T,T,T,F,kept,注意 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 判断正误： （ ）I have received his letter for a month. （ ）I received this letter a month ago. （ ）I havent received his letter for almost a month.,错,对,对,1. Ill give you the book as soon as I _ (finish) it. 2. If you _ (
6、 see) the film, you will like it. 3.Ill go to the party as soon as(or when )I _ (finish)my homework.,have finished,have seen,5. 在时间或条件从句中表示在将来某个时间前要完成某个动作,have finished,1 We _ (study) English for about five years. 2 They _ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3 I _ (read) your article
7、three times. Its well written. 4 The student _ (finish) her homework already. 5 The police _ (just finish) searching the area.,have studied,have lived,have read,has finished,have just finished,现在完成时的时间标志 1不表示具体或确定时间的 一些状语往往可成为现在完成时的标志。（1）already和yet already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。（2）ever和never 多用于否
8、定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”等。 Have you ever seen any aliens by yourself? I have never seen any aliens.(3) 表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just，before，up to now，the past few years等。 He has been taken away by aliens before and he still has nightmares of that now.,(4) 包括“现在”在内的时间状语。如：now,today,this morning/month/year/term等。 Ha
9、ve you met him this term? No,I havent. 2.带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语。 I havent seen my mother for two years and I miss her very much.,关于现在完成时的几点补充： （1）现在完成时常与since连用，表示“自以来”,一直进行或者未进行某项活动，在since分句中，通常用非持续性动词的一般过去时，主句中的动词常用现在完成时，如果主句为表示时间长度的it be句型，动词可用一般现在时代替现在完成时。 It is three months since he wrote to m
10、e.It is three months since he wrote to me. It is three months since he wrote to me.,2)在It/ That/ This is the first time +(that)从句中,当主句谓语为is/will be时,that从句中的动词用现在完成时. It is the first time that Ive been here. 当主句动词为was时,that从句中的动词通常用过去完成时. It was the first time this year that he hadnt worked on Satur
11、day.,这是我第一次上网冲浪,This is the first time that I have surfed the Internet.,【 】1. -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming,B,【 】2. -Have you _ been to our town before?-No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, came B. even, am coming C.
12、 ever, come D. ever, have come,D,3)先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时,定语从句常用现在完成时.,This is the best film that Ive seen.,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，和现在无关； 现在完成时则强调某一发生在过去的动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等。He _ (work) in the city for ten years.,worked,has worked,I _(see) this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发） I _ (see) this film
13、. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） He _ (be) in the League for three years. （他仍然是一名团员) He _ (join) the League three years ago. （强调加入的动作发生在过去）,saw,have seen,has been,joined,challenge,现在完成时与一般过去时常用的时间状语：,一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用， 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, in the
14、past等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, already, yet, so far, up to now, ever, never, recently, lately, just, in the past years,等，皆为不确定的时间状语。,一般过去时还是现在完成时？,1 They _ (move) to the south in 1990 and _ (live) there since then. 2 Eric _ (leave) home last year and _ (just come) back. 3 Justin _ (be) away
15、 from home for several days. He_ (disappear) last Friday. 4 They _(buy) this house three years ago and they _ (live) here since then.,moved,have lived,left,has just come,has been,disappeared,bought,have lived,My friend Jack has just sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. H
16、e_(just be) to Qomolangma Base Camp and _(see) a Yeti there. He is still very excited about it. He _( visit) the great Pyramid in Egypt too. He says that he _(love) Egypt but he _( not visit) all the pyramids yet. He _( swim) in Loch Ness, but luckily he _( never meet) the Loch Ness Monster! He _(di
17、ve) in the India Ocean many times looking for treasure. Although he _ ( find) many sunken ships, he _( not find) any treasure. _he _(be ) to the Great Wall before? Im not sure-but I have.,has just been,saw,has visited,loves,hasnt visited,has swum,has never met,has dived,has found,hasnt found,Has,been,
