1、过去完成时 The past perfect tense,过去完成时,表示过去的过去发生的动作 ； 当两个都是过去发生的动作，先发生的用过去完成时， 后发生的用一般过去时. 常和by或since, for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用, 但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.,肯定句: sb. had done sth.,否定句: sb. + had not done + sth.,一般疑问句: Had+ sb.+ done sth.?,肯定回答: Yes, sb. had. 否定回答: No, sb. hadnt.,过去完成时的用法,1.表示在过去某一时间以前完成的动作或事件。是一个相对的时态
2、，强调在某一时间点或动作之前发生的动作。需要与表示过去的时间状语，不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,ever,by,until 等连用eg. He had read the text before he came to school.I had finished reading the book by 10:00 last night.,2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，并可能还将持续下去。eg. By the end of last year,he had work in the factor
3、y for 10 years.,过去完成时的用法,过去完成时通常连用的时间状语：byby the end of + 过去的时间点before eg.By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years.They had planted 100 trees before last Sunday.,过去完成时的用法,When 引导的从句主语+过去完成时+ By the time 引导的从句 从句谓语动词为过去式Before引导的从句When I got there, the bus had already gone.Befo
4、re I met her, I had heard a lot about her.By the time we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.,过去完成时的用法,表示意向的动词如hope,wish,except,think,intend,mean,suppose 等用过去完成时表示原本想做但并未完成的动作eg. I had hoped that you would come to my party.,过去完成时的用法,我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰而生气.,I said mother had bee
5、n angry about your laziness since we moved here.,(2) 我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始.,The film had begun before we got to the cinema.,(3) 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.,He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.,(4)当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开始了半个小时了.,(5)自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.,The film had already been
6、 on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.,We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.,6. 我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了.,I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.,7. 当我赶到学校时, 已经开始上课了.,8. 在我到家之前他已经走了.,The class had begun when I got to school.,I got home after he had left.,More practice,Whe
7、n I arrived there, they_(leave) already. The film_(start),when we got to the cinema. I _(read) the book before I started school. nese until she spoke.,had left,had started,had read,5.They thought that they_(try) their best. 6.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she wa
8、s born. 7.I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese.,had tried,had passed away,hadnt realized,现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 The present perfect tense & The past perfect tense,形式,现在完成时have/has+动词的 过去分词主语为非单三，则 用“have+过去分词”,过去完成时had + 过去分词 had 可用于各种人称和数,试作比较：,昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见 过面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had n
9、ot seen each other since he left Beijing. 自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。We have not seen each other since he left Beijing.,现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，侧重于对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。I have finished my homework. 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，表示的动作不仅发生在过去，而且是过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。I had finished my homework by 10:00 this morning.,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
10、,I had learned 3000 English words till then.,I have learned 3000 English words so far.,1.到目前为止我已经学会了3000个单词.,2.到那时我已经学会了3000个英语单词.,其他： 1.在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后顺序须依据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时,I had finished my homework before my mother came back.,在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。,2. 当两个或两个以上的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序承接发生，用一般过去时代替过去完成时。He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.,
