1、1专题讲解- 动词短语的用法 -一、动词短语的概念有时两个词或三个词在一起构成一个固定结构，表达一种特定的含义，作用近似于一个单一动词，称为动词短语。二、分类动词短语有及物（vt .）和不及物（vi .）之分，及物动词短语必须跟宾语，不及物动词短语不跟宾语。1及物动词短语。例如：He is looking after his sister. 他正在照顾他的妹妹。She always takes care of these children. 她一直照顾这些孩子。2不及物动词短语。例如：Look out! The bus is coming. 小心！公共汽车来了。The weeks went s
2、lowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢过去了。3部分动词短语既可做及物动词短语，也可做不及物动词短语。例如：He took off his coat. 他脱下他的上衣。The plane took off at nine oclock. 飞机在九点起飞。三、及物动词短语的用法1动副及物动词短语的宾语如果是名词时，可置于动词短语之后，也可置于动词与副词之间；如果宾语是代词，则只能置于动词与副词之间，不能置于整个短语之后。例如：We will hand out the advertisements. = We will hand the advertisements out. 我们将要分发广告。If
3、 you like it, please try it on. 如果你喜欢它，就试试。不能说成：If you like it, please try on it. 2宾语是代词，要放中间的动副短语举例如下：put on 穿上 set up 建立 turn off 关掉put off 脱下，推迟 pick up 捡起 turn on 打开put up 挂起，举起 put down 放下 clean up 打扫干净write down 写下 call/ring up 打电话 cheer up 使振奋get back 取回 eat up 吃光 give up 放弃2look up 查阅 take o
4、ff 脱下，起飞 give away 捐赠work out 算出 cut down 砍倒 hand out 分发turn up 把声音调大 wake up 叫醒 hand in 交上来turn down 把声音调小 slow down 放慢 take out 取出think up 想出3宾语直接放于动词短语之后的“动词+介词”或“动词+副词+介词”词组举例如下：come up with 想出(主意) look after 照顾 look for 寻找get on 上车 agree with 同意 ask for 请求，找hear of 听说 knock at 敲（门、窗等）laugh at 嘲
5、笑wait for 等候 pay for 付钱；支付 point out 指向run out of 用完四、 “动词+ 介词”型短语1. “动词+ 介词”型短语用作及物动词时，后面要跟宾语。例如：Look at the blackboard, please！请看黑板！2. 句首的疑问词同时用作宾语时，介词不能省略。例如：What are you playing with?你正在玩什么？Who are you talking with?你在和谁谈话？3. 在被动语态中，介词不能漏掉。例如：The tiger was laughed at by the fox.老虎被狐狸嘲笑了一通。五、 “动词+
6、 副词”型短语动词后加上 away，out，forward 等时，常构成“动副”型短语。1. 动词后若是 about，in，on，off ，over，through，up，down 等时，需按实际情况来确定它们是“动介”型还是“动副”型短语。但是初中阶段所学到的绝大多数都属于“动副”型短语。2. “动副”型短语用作不及物动词时，后面不跟宾语。例如：I often go out and visit my friends.我经常外出拜访我的朋友。When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients.长大后，我要成为一名护士照看病人。3. “动
7、副”型短语用作及物动词后接宾语时，如果宾语为名词，副词位于名词前后皆可；如果宾语为人称代词，则该代词必须位于动词和副词之间。例如：Could you turn your radio down, please?=Could you turn down your 3radio, please?你能不能将收音机关小一点呢？She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.她捡起钢笔并还给了我。【小试牛刀】1. You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you it?A. ask for
8、B. pay forC. think about D. find out2. Li Leis parents went to work, and he had to his grandma at home.A. look at B. look forC. look after D. look back(回顾，回头看)3. You have many ways to help when you are in trouble, so you neednt worry.A. play for B. pay forC. ask for D. set for4. My mother often asks
9、 me to early every morning and read English.A. get on B. get off（下车，下来）C. get up D. get in（进入，陷入）5. Tom is good at maths, so he the maths problem quickly yesterday.A. found out B. gave outC. left out D. worded out6. They _ day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. a
10、re making to work【再接再厉】（用方框内适当的词组填空。 ）give out take after give away work out put off hand out1.Ive_a new way of doing it.2.Out teacher said the meeting would be _till next week.3.I_ some clothes to charity because they were too small for me.4.Id like to work in a food bank to _food to the poor peopl
11、e.45.Jim _his father. They are both clever and a bit quiet.答案：1.worked out 2.put off 3.gave away 4.give out 5.takes after（语法专练)1.She_his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked for B .looked upC. looked after D. looked like答案：B 动词 look 与不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的含义:look for 寻找
12、； look up 查阅； look after 照顾；look like 看起来像。2.Our sports meeting has been till next Monday because of the bad weather.A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down答案：C 句意是“ 由于恶劣天气的影响，运动会已经被推迟到下周一举行”。3. Jimmy, your toys should be in right order.OK. Ill _them _right now.A. put; down B. put; awayC. put; up
13、 D. put; on答案：B put down 的意思是“放下”；put away 意思是“ 收拾好”；put up 意思是“建立；举起 ”；put on 意思是“穿上 ”。题意是: 我立刻把它们“收拾好”。4. A neighbor helped to keep our dog. It _while we were on 5holiday.A. was taken care B. took care ofC. is taken care of D. was taken care of答案：D 本题考查动词短语的被动语态。take care of 是及物动词短语，故 of 不能省略。5. T
14、he three students plan to_ a student volunteer project at their school.A. look up B. set upC. cheer up D. clean up答案：B 句意是“ 这三个学生计划在他们的学校建立一个学生志愿者计划”。6. Your school things are here and there. Will you please_? A. throw about them B. put them away C. throw them about D. put away them答案：B 句意是“ 请把它们收拾好
15、，好吗？”，put away 是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语须放在副词之前。7.I_to cheer him up for 20 minutes.A. was trying B. tried C. try D. have been trying答案：D have been doing 意为“一直做某事”。8. Would you like to tell me _next, Mr. Feng?A. what should we do B. we should do what6C. what we should do D. should we do what答案：C 宾语从句的结构“关系代
16、/副词+陈述句”。【中考链接】1.(2010 山东实验区模拟) Carl _his bike and hurt his leg yesterday.Aset off Btook off Cfell off Dturned off答案：C set off 意思是 “出发；动身”；take off 意思是“ 脱下；起飞”；fall off 意思是 “从摔下来”；turn off 意思是 “关闭”。2.(2010 江苏泰州模拟) _ your books, Tom. Dont leave your things here and there.A. Put on B. Put offC .Put aw
17、ay D. Put down答案：C put on 意思是“穿上”；put off 意思是“推迟” ；put away 意思是“收拾好 ”；put down 意思是“放下”。3.(2010 江苏宿迁模拟)I have a dream. When I_,I want to be a scientist.A. make up B. come upC. grow up D. turn up答案：C make up 意思是 “编造”；come up 意思是“出现；想出”；grow up 意思是“长大”；turn up 意思是“调大”。4.(2010 武汉实验区模拟)What do you think
18、of the book Harry Potter?7I like it very much. Its_ interesting _exciting.A. neither; nor B. not; butC. not only; but also D. either; or答案：C 本题主要考查并列连词的用法。题意可理解为: 我非常喜欢它。它“既 ”有趣， “又”刺激。表示两者都肯定。 5.(2010 湖北黄石模拟)May I speak to Mr. Green？Sorry, he _London. But hell be back in two days.A. has been to B.
19、has gone toC. has been in D. went to答案：B have been to 意思是“曾经去过” ，强调当事人不在目的地；have gone to 意思是“去了 ”，强调当事人不在说话的地方；have been in 的意思是“在（某地呆了一段时间） ；加入（某组织一段 时间 ）6.(2010 贵阳模拟) The girl_ is reading under the tree is my sisterAwho BwhoseC which Dwhom答案：A 本题考查定语从句的用法。定语从句的先行词为 girl，因7.The room window faces south is mine.A. which B. thatC. whose D./8The one cleans the blackboard should be praised.9.It is the place he once lived.810.It is in the place we met each other.
