1、土力学词汇英汉对照编写人： 邵 俐审核人： 刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二 00 五年三月A2absorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method 累积沉淀法active earth pressure 主动土压力 Ea activity index 活性指数 A adamic earth,red soil 红粘土 additional stress(pressure)of subsoil 地基附加应力（压力） z adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soi
2、l 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土 allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力 0 allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane 破坏面与大主平面的夹角 angle of internal，external (wall) friction内摩擦角 、外(墙背)摩擦角 angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水
3、层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层 area of foundation base 基础底面面积 A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基 Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限 attitude 产状average consolidation pressure 平均固结压力 0average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率 average pressure ,additional pressu
4、re of foundation base 基底平均压力、平均附加压力 p 、 p0 B base tilt factor of foundation 基础倾斜系数 bc、 bq 、 bbase tilt factors 基底倾斜系数 bc、 bq、 b bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors 承载力系数 Nc, 、 Nq, 、 N CaliforniaBearing Ratio CBR 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩 beginning hydraulic gradient 起始水
5、力梯度(坡降) io Biot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishops slice method 比肖普条分法 bound water 结合水(束缚水) boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 d buoyant density 浮密度 buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重） CCal
6、ifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值 fakchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing 圆形基础clay 粘土 clay content 粘粒含量 clay mine
7、rals 粘土矿物 clayey silt 粘质粉土 clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土3coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土 coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation 建筑地基基础设计规范 coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数 Ka coefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数 KPcoefficient of collapsibility
8、湿陷系数 s coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数 a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数 Cccoefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数 K0 coefficient of lateral pressure 侧压力系数 K0 coefficient of permeability 渗透系数 k coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical
9、 consolidation 竖向固结(压密)系数 cv.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数 khcoefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数sz 、 sx、 sxzcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform r
10、ound load at centre point 均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数 r、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数 t1、 t2、 、1t2coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rect
11、angle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数 c、ccoefficient of vertical additional stress beneatha concentration load 集中应力系数 coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression 体积压缩系数 mV coefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土 cohesive soils 粘性土 collapsibility 湿陷性compa
12、ctibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数 c compactness 密实度 composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性compression index 压缩指数 Cc compression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量 Escompression zone 受力层，压缩层compression-curves 压缩曲线（ e-p 和 e-logp 曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度
13、concentrated load 集中力 P staticcone penetration testCPT 静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头 confining pressure 周围压力consistency 稠度 consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验 consolidated quick shear cohesion、angle of 4internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角 ccq 、 cqconsolidated undraine
14、d triaxial compression test CU-test 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角 ccu、 cuconsolidation apparatus固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 ( d- 和 d-logt 曲线) tconsolidation settlement 固结沉降 scconsolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验）
15、constrained diameter of soil partical限制粒径 d60 constrained modulus 侧限模量 Escontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力）contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法 Coulombs theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论 creep 蠕变 critical edge、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载 pcr、临界荷载 p1/3 p1/4、
16、极限荷载 pucritical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度icr critical void raio 临界孔隙比crushed stone,broken stone 碎石culvert 涵洞cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验Ddamping ratio 阻尼比 Darcys law 达西定律Debris flow 泥石流deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法degree of compaction 压实度 c de
17、gree of consolidation 固结度 U degree of saturation 饱和度 Sr densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数 dc、 dq、 d differential settlement 沉降差dike,levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性diluvial fan 洪积扇diluvial soils 洪积土 direct shear test 直接剪切试验dispersive clay 分散性粘土disturbed samples 扰动土样doub
18、le layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排水剪粘聚力、内摩擦角 cd、 ddrained shear strength 排水抗剪强度 dconsolidateddrained triaxialcompressiontest CD-test固结排水三轴压缩试验 drift-sand 流砂现象dry density 干密度 d dry gravity density (unit weight) 干重度(容重) d dynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量 Ed dynamic load 动荷载dynami
19、c penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验 dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量 Gd dynamic strain，stress 动应变 d、动应力 d EEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest 静止土压力 E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学earthrock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程5eccentric load 偏心荷载 eccentricity of foundation base loading
20、 (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距 eeffective angle of internal friction 有效内摩擦角 effective cohesion 有效粘聚力 c effective grain size 有效粒径 d10effective stress 有效应力 effective stress pathESP 有效应力路径 elastic modulus，Youngs modulus 弹性模量 E electro-osmosis 电渗 embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质
21、柱状图engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学 equipotential lines 等势线
22、excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress)超孔隙水压力(应力) expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数 Ce expansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断
23、层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水 filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量 s final settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量 s fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构 flow
24、line 流线flow net 流网 fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂现象fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio 自由膨胀率 ef free water 自由水 free water elevation ，surface 地下水位freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base 基底摩擦系数 frictionresistance ratio 摩阻比frost
25、 boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性frozen soils 冻土GGapgraded soil 不连续级配土General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏generalized procedure of slicesGPS 普通条分法verticalgeostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) 竖向自重应力（压力） c、 czgeosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察6geotext
26、iles 土工织物glacial soils 冰积土grading curve 级配曲线 grain size 粒径 grain size accumulation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度gravel 圆砾gravelly sand 砾砂gravelly soils 砾类土 gravitational acceleration 重力加速度 g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density 重力密度 gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数 gc、 gq、
27、gground treatment 地基处理ground water 地下水、潜水ground water level GWL,groundwater elevation ,surface, ground water tableGWT 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body) 半空间（半无限体） Hansens formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度head of water
28、水头 H heavy dynamic penetration testHDPT 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度 H heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度 h0 high liquid limit clay ,moCH,MH高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度 I hydraulic head 水头 Hhydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 Iillite 伊利石 immedi
29、ate settlement 瞬时沉降 sd impermeable lager，impervious stratum不透水层 inclined load 倾斜荷载 influence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数 、 o、 c、 m、 rinitial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量 Eiinorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liqui
30、d limit clay CI 中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀isotropic soil 各向同性土 JJanbus method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法joint 节理Kkaolinite 高岭石 karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K0consolidation K0固结 Llaminar flow 层流 landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力 cx, cy
31、laterite 红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法 length of foundation base 基础底面长度 l limit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件 limit of plasticity 塑限 wPlinear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载 liquefaction 液化 7liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度 liquid limitLL 液限 wL liquidity indexLI 液性指数 IL loading test 载荷试验 local sh
32、ear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,moCL,ML 低液限粘土、粉土 MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩）major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力 1、 2、 3 marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比 emax、 emin maximum 、min
33、imum pressure of foundation base 基底最大、最小压力 pmax、 pminmaximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度 dmax、 dmin maximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度 zmax median grain diameter 中值粒径 d30 medium sand 中砂meniscus 弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩method of slice 条分法mingle soils 混合土mi
34、scellaneous fill 杂填土 mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量 E0 弹性模量 E modulus of recompression 再压缩模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律 moisture-density test 击实试验 moisture ,water content 含水量(率) wmontmorillonite 蒙脱石muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土mulching soils
35、覆盖土mud pumping 翻浆冒泥Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力 x、 y、 z non-cohesive soils 无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化 normally consolidated soilsN.C.soils 正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量 Eoed、 Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪
36、、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结 （压密） optimum moisture， （water） content 最优含水量(率) woporganic soil 有机质土，有机土 organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土 overconsolidated soilsO.C,soils 超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio OCR 超固结（过压密）比 Pparame
37、ters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size 粒径 partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验 passive earth pressure 被动土压力 Ep path of percolation 渗透途径 H peat 泥炭 pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力 percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量 pi8perched water 上层滞水 perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层
38、 permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水 physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质 piezocone testCPTU 孔压静力触探试验 piezometric head 测压管水头 piezometer head 测压管水头 h piping 管涌 plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏 plastic flow 塑流plastic limitPL 塑限 wP plastic strain 塑性应变
39、 plastic zone 塑性区 plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity indexPI 塑性指数 Ip plate loading test 平板载荷试验 point loading 点荷载试验 Poissons ratio 泊松比 poorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress) 孔隙水压力（应力） upore pressure(stress) parameters 孔隙压力（应力）系数 A、 B pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater
40、 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率 n preconsolidation pressure 先（前）期固结压力 pc preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡 pressuremeter testPMT 旁（横）压试验 primary consolidation 主固结 primary mineral 原生矿物 principal stress 主应力 1、 2、 3 principle of effective strress 有效应力原理 proctor compactiontest普罗克特击实试验 proportional limit load 比例界限
41、荷载 pprpumping test 抽水试验 punching-shear failure 冲切剪切破坏 Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water 土、土粒、水的质量 m、 ms、 mw Quaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层 quicksand 流砂现象 quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角 cq 、 qquickshear test 快剪试验 RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankines theory of earth
42、pressure 朗肯土压力理论 rate of settlement 沉降速率 ratio of length to width 长宽比 m rebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础 red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊性土，区域性土relative density RD 相对密(实)度 Dr residual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土 residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rub
43、ble-stone 块石 running sand 流砂现象rupture surface 破坏面 Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量 sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土 9sandy soils, sands 砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土) saturated density 饱和密度 sat saturated gravity density 饱和重度 sat scale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading testSPLT 螺旋板载荷试验
44、 seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index次压缩（固结）指数 Csecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement 次压缩（固结）沉降 ss secondary mineral 次生矿物 secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepageflow 渗流（漏） seepage deformation 渗透变形 seepage failure 渗透破坏 seepage discharge 渗流量 Q seepa
45、ge force 渗流力（动水力） GD seepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度 v seepage path 渗径verticaleselfweight(geostatic)stress (pressure)竖向自重应力（压力） cz 、 csemiinfinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度 Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度znshallow foundation 浅基础shape factor of foundation 基础形状系数 sc、 sq、 s shear f
46、ailure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量 G shear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力 shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度 f shear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力 sheet pile wall 板桩墙 shrinkage limitSL 缩限 ws sieve analysis test 筛分试验 silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性 slope wash,slope materials 坡积土 slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction慢剪粘聚
