1、专题（十三） 复合句【学习目标】 1. 掌握初中阶段学过的从句 2. 掌握从句的做题技巧【学生自学】 1 初中阶段学过的从句共有_ 种？他们是_ _ _ 2. 总结宾语从句的用法，完成【预习展示】13. 总结状语从句的用法，完成【预习展示】24. 总结定语从句的用法，完成【预习展示】3【预习展示】11宾语从句的概念：在复合句中起 的作用。2句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句3宾语从句三要点： _。（1）语序： _语序，就是 be 动词、助动词、情态动词在_之后。（2）引导词：陈述句充当宾语从句引导词用_ _一般疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用_ _ 特殊疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用_ _（
2、3）时态：主句_ _,从句_主句_,从句_4. 否定前移 ：当主句主语为第 人称而谓语动词为 等时，宾语从句中的否定词 not 前移到 主句中，否定主句的动词，构成 否定前移 。5. 反意疑问：一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句，但当主句主语为第 人称而谓语动词为 等时，要反意从句。6. 宾语 从句与简单句的转换。 “疑问词+动词不定式”条件：_ _.【预习展示】21. 状语从句的概念：在复合句中起 的作用，修饰主句中的 。2. 状语从句的分类状语从句的分类 从句的引导词 例句时间状语从句 When ， ， ， ， ， ， 等1)I was doing my homeworkmy mother
3、 came in.2)He did not go to bed his father came back.条件状语从句 if ， ， weather stops me, I go for a walk every day. 原因状语从句 because, ， ，everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.目的状语从句 ， He gets up every morning so that he can catch the bus.结果状语从句 ， ，Its hot nobody wants to go out.让步状语从句 ， ， Though he is
4、young , he knows a lot.比较状语从句 ， ， He is as tall as Tom.地点状语从句 ， Sit you like.方式状语从句 ， He spokes as if he had been there before 【预习展示】31关于定语从句的概念(1)定语从句就是在复合句里充当 的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的 或后面。(2) 就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 (3)引导定语从句的词叫 。2引导定语从句的关系词： 关系代词有 ， ， ， ， 关系副词有 ， ， 3. 关系代词的基本用法作主语 作宾语 作定语指人 指物4. 关系副词的基本用法关系副词在定语从
5、句中作 ，分别表示 ， ，和 。5只能用 that 引导的定语从句(1)先行词被 ， 修饰时。(2)先行词是 all, any, everything, anything, none, the one 等 或被它们修饰时(3)当主句是 ，为避免重复，只用 that(4)先行词既 又 时。(5)先行词被 ， ， ， ，修饰时。【教师精讲】1. 宾语从句(1)宾语从句的概念：在复合句中作宾语的从句(2)句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句(3)宾语从句三要点： 语序 引导词 时态语序：陈述语序。什么是陈述句语序呢？就是 be 动词、助动词、情态动词在_之后。改错 His brother
6、asks when wi ll he go to the library._ I dont know what does he want to buy . Can you tell me who are we going to meet ? 引导词A 宾语从句是陈述句（包括肯定句和否定句），用 that 引导，that 在从句中不作成分，也无具体意思，可省略。 He will be back in an hour. （I think）（合为一句）_ _ _ I should visit the headmaster. （I feel）（合为一句）_ _ _注意在主句为动词 be 加某些形容词（
7、如 sorry, sure, afraid, glad 等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略 that 的从句也可算是宾语从句 。翻译:对不起我不知道。 我们确信我们队将赢。 恐怕他将不会通过考试。B 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词 if ; whether 引导。Were you at home at nine yesterday? (The policeman wanted to know) （合为一句）Can we find out some information about that city . (Lets see.) （合为一句）注意: 在宾语从句中一般情况下 if 和 whether
8、 可相互替换，以下情况只能用 whether,不能用 if.a.在介词后面只能用 whether，不能用 ifb.动词不定式之前只用 whether，不能用 ifc.后面紧跟 or not 时只用 whether，不能用 ifd.用在句子开头时只用 whether，不能用 ifWe are worried about_.明天是否下雨They asked me _.是否去溜冰。 He asked _我是否完成了作业。他是否会来，我们都不知道。_，we all dont know.C 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词引导。时态A 主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据需要而定。I know (that
9、) he _ (join) the League in 1985.I see that they _ (play) football over there.Tell me where he _ (live).I want to know how long you _(have) this bike.I hear that he _(come) tomorrow. B 主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某一时态I knew who_ （live） here. I saw she _（talk) with her mother. He asked whether his father _（come)b
10、ack tomorrow. He said that he _ （see）it . C 当从句是客观事实普遍真理时用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the sun_（travel）around the earth . It w as true that there _(be) twelve months in a year.注意：A. could / would 是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。 Could you please tell me where we_(show) our tickets ?Would you like
11、to know when he _( come) back ? B. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know . A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come I dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he_ (come
12、) , would you please ask him to call me ?C. 否定前移当主句主语为第一人称而谓语动词为 think，suppose， expect，believe 等时，宾语从句中的否定词 not 前移到 主句中，否定主句的动词，构成否定前移 。 People will not live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. I believe （合为一句）D. 反意疑问句一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句，但当主句主语为第一人称而谓语动词为think，suppose， expect，believe 等时，要反意从句。 Mr . B
13、lack doesnt believe his son can design a digital camera,_?I believe he can do it by himself,_?.宾语从句与简单句的相互转化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当主句主语和从句主语一致时，宾语从句可转化为“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构。例如：I dont know what I shall do next .I dont know what to do next.She didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide_ _Please tel
14、l me whom youll give the letter to . Please tell me_ _2. 状语从句(1)状语从句的概念：在复合句中起副词的作用，用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词从句。(2)状语从句的分类时间状语从句A.时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。用连词填空It was raining hard _ got to school yesterday._he was doing his homework, the telephone rang._
15、he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.I have worked in this school _I graduated from Beijing University.Dont get off _the bus stops.Ill ring you up _ _ I get to New York.B.在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I will tell him everything when he _（come）back.He wont believe it until he_（
16、see）it with his own eyes.C.在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到 才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Lets wait until the rain stops.We will not start until Bob comes.条件状语从句A.条件状语从句通常由 if, unless 引导。连词填空What shall we do _ it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building _
17、 I tell you to.B.在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if I _(be)free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he_(be)ill.C.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Hurry up, or youll be late.=_ Study hard and you will pass the exam._ .原因状语从句 A.原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as 引导。例如：He
18、didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.B.because 表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用 because。As 和 since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-_I do
19、nt want to._he has no car, he cant get there easily.C.because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。目的状语从句A.目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that 等引导。谓语中常含有 may, might, can, could, will, would 等情态动词。例如He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.B.当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可用 so as to, in order to. He worked day and night in
20、 order that he could succeed.= He worked day and night _ _C. so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：a. 目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。例如Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) b. 从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句) 结果状语从句A. 结果状语从
21、句由 sothat, suchthat, so that 引导。例如He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.B. sothat 与 such.that 区别。a. 在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。结构是: so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句so + 形容词 + a/an
22、+名词单数 + that+ 从句b. 在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，结构是：such +a/an +（形容词）+名词单数 + that+ 从句such + a/an (+形容词) + 名词复数 + that+ 从句c. 如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 so, 不用 such。He was_glad_he couldnt say a word.He had _long arms _he could almost touch the ceiling.The hall is _big_ _it can hold 2
23、,000 people.He has _little time _he cant go to the cinema with you.It was _a hot day _nobody wanted to do anythingMother lives _far away _we hardly ever see her.He made _rapid progress _he did very well in the mid-term.Soon there were _many deer _they ate up all the wild roses.d. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It w
24、as such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. =e. sothat 句型的否定形式可用简单句 tooto或 notenough to 代替 He is so young that he cant go to school.=让步状语从句 A. 让步状语从句通常由 although, though 等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although
25、I am tired, I must go on working.B. although (but)不能用在同一个句子中。例如： 我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或者说：It was raining hard, but he still went out.比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由 asas, not as/soas 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John do
26、es.This classroom is as big as that one.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由 where, wherever 来引导。例如：Go wherever you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. 方式状语从句方式状语从句由连词或连词词组 as if /though 引导。as if /though 引导的方式状语一般要求用虚拟语气。从句用过去时表示现在，用过去完成时表过去。例如：He spokes as if he had been there before .The animal was walking as
27、 though it had hurt its leg .3. 定语从句(1) 关于定语从句的概念定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。在下列复合句中标出定语从句，先行词，关系词The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.A zoo is a park
28、in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.(2) 引导定语从句的关系词： 关系代词有 who (whose, whom), which, that; 关系副词有 when, where, why。(3) 关系代词和关系副词的三大作 用连接（连接定语从句和主语）替代（替代前面的先行词）成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）(4) 关系代词有 who (whose, whom), which, that 的作用请勾选下列关系代词 的作用指人 指物 subject (主语) object (宾语)attribute（定语）thatwhichwhowhomwhose注意：
