1、省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：,（一）简单句中的省略 1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.(I) See you tomorrow. How are you? (Im) Fine, thanks. 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。 e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?,Read the following sen
2、tences and find out what have been left out.,Exercise,1.Like more beer?_ like more beer? 2.Havent seen you for ages._ havent seen you for ages. 3.Sounds like a good idea._ sounds like a good idea. 4.Sorry I couldnt go. _ sorry I couldnt go. 5.Doesnt matter._ doesnt matter.,Would you,I,It,Im,It,3、省略作
3、宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。 e.g. -Are you going there? -Id like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (动词:want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, decide, prefer, mean, intend, plan, refuse 等动词宾语。tell, ask, want, expect, warn等动词的宾补 形容词： glad, hap
4、py, pleased, delighted, 短语：be going to, be about to, be able to, have to, used to, ought to, be supposed to)否定形式的省略用not to,注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。 - Are you an engineer? - No, but I want to be. - He hasnt finished the task yet.- Well, he ought to have.,I asked him to see the film，but he
5、 didnt want to. -Will you join the game? -Id be glad to.,4、省略表语。e.g. - Are you thirsty? - Yes, I am (thirsty). 5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g. What a wonderful film (it is)!(Its) Simply impossible!How beautiful (it is)! 6、介词的省略：e.g. The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his house.,一些固定词组： 1) have a hard ti
6、me (in) doing sth. 2) waste time (in) doing sth. 3) spend (in) doing sth. 4) prevent/stop (from) 5) be engaged (in) doing 6) theres no use (in) doing 7) be busy (in) doing,He failed (in) the game. The war lasted (for) four years. 但在句首或与walk等连用不可省Come and see me (at) any time you like. (in, on, at, b
7、y)He stayed (at) home all day.He walked (for ) three li. (表示距离的状语中) （In) This way you will succeed.,7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。e.g. At her sisters (house), she spent a pleasant weekend.8、 连词的省略：not only but (also) , whether (or not) , so (that),9、情态动词should的省略insist, order, com
8、mand, suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, request, ask.Its necessary/ important/ impossible/ strange / natural/a pity10、同时省略几个成分。e.g. Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.-Have you finished your work? - (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.,（二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 M
9、y father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.,I will buy a house and he will (buy a house) too.,John was the winner in1994, and Bob (was the winner) in 1995.,出现在并列句中的be,have,do,如果在一个分句中作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略,The man has a gun and has threatened to use it.,Mary did the work but did not finish it.
10、,The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things had been stolen. 2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the other should be painted white. 3. They took photos, they swam and they played. 4. Although she knows how to dive, she does not want to dive.,(
11、 ),( ),Think: What can be left out?,( ),( ),( ),5. She could not decide whether to go on a voyage or not to go on a voyage. 6. We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water. 7. She can hold her breath longer than I can hold my breath.,Think: What can be left out?,( ),( ),( ),（三）主
12、从复合句中的省略 1、主句中有一些成分被省略。 e.g. (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.Hope you will have a good journey. 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用 so或not （切不可用it或that）代替。 Tom must be free today. If so, he can help us. It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.,常用表达I hope so. 我希望这样。I hope not 我不希望这样。Im afraid so/not. 我恐怕如此/不如此I
13、think/believe/guess /expect /imagine /suppose so.我认为/相信/猜/希望/想象/认为这样.I dont think/believe/guess /expect /imagine/suppose so. = I think/believe/guess/expect/ imagine/suppose not.我认为不这样。,有时整个主句都可省略， 这种省，略通 出现在简短答中。,-Are you going to buy the house?,-Unless my wife objects.,-You all like the story?,-Yes
14、, except that the end is too surprising.,宾语从句的省略,I hope (that) all will go well.,Be careful that you dont catch cold.,Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.,在限制性定语从句中，that, which, who,whom在从句中作宾语时可省略。 I havent read the book (that/ which) youre reading. The man (that/ who
15、/ whom) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith.,定语从句的省略,修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=in which)或why可以省略。 This is the way (that/in which) he studies. I want to know the reason (why) he was late. 在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。 He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.,复合句的省
16、略现象多出现在状语从句中,Although (he was) hard-working, he couldnt earn enough even to support his family.,When (he was) still a boy of six, Bob was sent away from home.,If (it is) necessary, Ill pay him a personal visit.,Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret., Are you going there? Yes, Id like to .,
17、 He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to ., Are you an engineer? No, but I want to ., He hasnt finished the task yet. Well, he ought to .,(go there).,(give me the chance).,be.,have.,不定式中的省略,如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have, have been时，要保留这些词。,Attention !,使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复
18、原。, I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by., A man was noticed to enter the classroom.,to,X,这类使役动词及感官动词主要有,一“感”:,二“听”:,三“让”:,四“看”:,feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let,watch,notice,observe,see,在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。, Were I you, I would acce
19、pt his offer.,Were, Had I a lot of money, Id aid .,Had, Should there be an earthquake, what would we do?,Should,虚拟条件句中的省略,If I were you, I would accept his offer.,If I had a lot of money, Id aid the poor children., He suggest we （should） set out right away.,在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should
20、 + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：, His suggestion is that we （should） set out right away., The order that we （should） stay where we are is very serious and severe., Its very important that students （should） study hard at school.,Practice,Exercises about Ellipsis.,Discovering useful structures,3.,Rewrit
21、e these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.,(_),P37,2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman.3. She has a daughter who is in hospital.4. He went to the doctor be
22、cause he had to go to the doctor .,(_),(_),(_ ),5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?,or not.,(_),6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital . 7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood
23、runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course .,not down your throat.,These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your par
24、tner which words are missing ?,1) The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,The cottage (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,P37 4.,2) The first book I read this term wasmore interesting than the second.,The first book (that) I read this term was m
25、ore interesting than the second(book that I read this term).,3) To her teachers surprise, she didbetter in her first aid exam thanexpected.,To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).,4) I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they m
26、ight have.,I dont think they have returnedfrom the hospital, but they might have(returned from the hospital).,5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt.,He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim).,6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to.,You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).,
