1、被动语态；强调句,Passive Voice Emphatic Sentence,被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,改为被动语态,They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They o
2、ften use computers in class.We make these machines in Belgiun.People speak English as the first language in UK.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beilun.,English is spoken as the fi
3、rst language in UK.,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,He looked after the little baby yesterday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,They built the tall building last year.He took go
4、od care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.They planted many trees years ago.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room
5、was used for resting by them.,Many trees were planted by them years ago.,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will have a sports meeting n
6、ext week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by child
7、ren in the schoolyard tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.,The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一
8、般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,4Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. 5.Jim could do it yesterday.,The baby can
9、be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,It could be done by Jim yesterday.,练习：讲下列句子改为被动句 1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People us
10、ed metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada.,7.They write business letters in English.8.They grow rice in South China.9.They plant many trees in North China. 10.Lu Xun wrote this book.11.The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box a
11、s a table.13.We should clean the classroom everyday,被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。 e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class. 被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. e.g. They look after the new students in the school. 被动句：The new students ar
12、e looked after by them in the school.,2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g. They make us do all the work. 被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.e.g. We often hear her sing songs. 被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.e.g. I saw him walk to school. 被动句：He was seen to walk t
13、o school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（ let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear, notice),3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for” 。常见加to的动词有give，send, teach，write, show, pass, ask, tell常见加for的动词有make, draw, buye.g. He gives me a flower ev
14、eryday.被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday.被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday.e.g. My mother bought me a computer.被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother .被动2 A computer was bought for me by my mother .,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +done S+wa
15、s/were +done S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done S+ will+be+ done S+ am/is/are + being + done S+ have/has + been+ done S+ was/were+being+ done,练习1,翻译下列汉语被动句。,他被选为校学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman of the Students Union of this university.她深受大家的尊敬。 She is greatly respected by every-one.窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨
16、骂的。 The windowpane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded.社会主义思想体系已为全国人民所接受。 Socialist ideology has been accepted by the people of the whole country.该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。 The plan will be examined by a special committee.老太太被风吹病了。 The old lady fell ill because of the draught.,这座桥将在今年底建成。 T
17、he construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.知识分子的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。 On such a basis has the question of the intellectuals been raised.这个问题正在研究。 The problem is now being studied.来宾请出示入场券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets.,我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十一国庆节。 National Day is enth
18、usiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 BY THE Chinese people of all nationalities every year.中美已经建立了外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。 Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions.他出现在舞台上，观
19、众给予热烈的掌声。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.,练习2,请使用被动句型表达下列主题：1）How to plant a tree?2）How to keep healthy in modern times?,强调句人们在说话、写文章的过程中，为了突出句子中的某一部分，就常
20、使用某种方法、手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意，这就是强调。 在英语中，表示强调的方法一般分为三种：位置的强调；用词强调；句型强调。,（一）位置强调 英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如： A.强调主语及状语。 (1) I was reading English this morning. This morning, I was reading English. 今天早晨，我一直在读英语。(2) Ill go to see Li Lei tomorrow. Tomorrow, Ill go to see Li Lei. 明天，我要去看李蕾。,
21、（一）位置强调 英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如： B. 强调谓语(as, though引导的让步状语从句) (1) Though he will try, he cant succeed. Try as / though he will, he cant succeed. 尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功。 (2) Though she can sing, she cant sing well. Sing though / as she can, she cant sing well. 尽管她会唱，但唱得不好。,（一）位置强调 英语句子的语序，
22、一般为：主、谓、宾。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如： C. 强调宾语或表语(as, though引导的让步状语从句) (1) Though he learnt English, he didnt learn it well. English as / though he learnt, he didnt learn it well. 尽管他学过英语，但他学得并不好。 (2) Though he is ill, he keeps on working. Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working. 尽管他有病，他仍坚持工作。,（二）用
23、词强调 英语中强调的另一种方法，就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。 A. 在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词do, 对谓语进行强调。 (1) I do like swimming. 我的确喜欢游泳。 (2) He did go there last night. 他昨天晚上的确去过那儿。 B. awfully, badly, dead, deeply, ever, extremely, highly, indeed, lightly, notat all, particularly, pretty, really, so, strongly, terribly,
24、utterly, very, very much,等副词修饰以加强语气。 (1) He wants to get it very much. 他非常像得到它。 (2) I miss you terribly. 我非常思念你。,（二）用词强调 C. 用短语at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。如： (1) I dont know it at all. 我一点也不知道。 (2) What on earth are you doing there? 你到底在那干什么？ D. 用重复某一个词或短语来强调。 (1)
25、 He thought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea. 他想啊想啊，突然想到了一个好主意。 (2) He ran and ran, and at last he caught up with other students. 他跑啊跑啊，终于赶上了其他的同学们。,（三）用句子来强调 A句型强调 英语中最常见的强调手段，也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调，即：强调句型。 It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)(1) It was in the room that Li Lei was born. 李蕾出生就在
26、这间房子。(2) It is Wei Fang who has broken the record. 就是魏方打破了纪录。,（三）用句子来强调 B使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题： (A) 原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用It is + 被强调的部分 + that (who); 若原句子是过去时，强调句用：It was + 被强调的部分 + that (who) (1) It is in America that Li Leis father will work. 李蕾的父亲将在美国工作。 (2) It was at this school that I studied a few years
27、ago. 几年前我就在这所学校读书。 (B) 即使被强调的部分是复数，It后面始终用单数形式。 (1) Tom and Lucy gave us much help. It was Tom and Lucy that gave us much help. 正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。. 昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。,（三）用句子来强调 B使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题： (C) 强调人时，可用who 代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when, where, why, how代替 that。(1) It is our teacher who / that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。 (2) It is by bus that I go to school every day. 每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。,
