1、,名词性从句大扫描,名词性从句大扫描 内容简介： 1、名词性从句简介 2、名词性从句 难点强化 3、走出名词性从句的“误区” 4、名词性从句考点归纳 5. 1987-2006年高考试题中的名词性从句,分析下列各句： 1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. 2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 3. Who let out the news rema
2、ined unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.,4. Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didnt come here. 5. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.,一名词性从句简介 1、主语从句 主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。 注意：
3、连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。,注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。 注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。,另外，有的“It 主语从句”已成为固定结构。如：a. It is +名词从句 It is a pity that we cant go. b. It i
4、s 形容词从句 It is clear that Tom has returned. c. It is 过去分词从句 It is said / reported / believed / known ,主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： (1）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ,(2）It happens/
5、occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (3）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likel
6、y that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely? (5) if引导的主语从句 Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time? If she likes the present is not clear to me. ,1.I dont know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace. 2. I expect （that）I shall be back
7、on Sunday. 3. He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away. 4. I consider it necessary that he should do it again. 5. I dont think he will see you. I dont believe he will go. 6. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he?,7. I dont think he can do it, can he? I dont think
8、you are right, are you? 8. I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once. 9. The teacher is satisfied with what I said. 10. Im afraid that I will be late. Im glad that you passed the exam.,2、宾语从句 在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句 1） 作动词宾语 在口语中，that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个t
9、hat从句并列时后边的that一般不省略。 若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it. 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。如：,注：此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we. 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。 在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如： 2） 作介词宾语 3） 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语。,The rumour tha
10、t there will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area. 2. They have no hope that he will recover. 3. I have no idea where they have gone. 4. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.,比较：The news that our team won the game is true. （_） The news that you have heard isnt true. （_） T
11、he news is that our team won the game. （_）,3同位语从句 如果担任同位语的是个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。,同位语从句表示先行名词的具体内能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。 引导同位语从句常用连词that，它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引导同
12、位语从句。同位语从句与先行名词有时也可以分开。,注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别： （1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。 （2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。,（3）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系，而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。 （4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和whe
13、re引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如： They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened.,1. The problem is where we can hold our meeting 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 2. It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 3. The cause is that the temperature of water i
14、s lower that needed . 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 4. That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。,4表语从句 在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后. 1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：It seems that it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain. 2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。It was because I got up late.,三、名词性从
15、句 难点强化 1：表命令建议 的名词后的表语从句。 在order,(命令），suggestion, advice(建议）等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：”should+动词原形“，should 常可省。如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.,2.that.whether的区别: that 用于表示肯定的意义，而whether表疑问。 I dont doubt that he will win. (Im sure) It doesnt matter It
16、makes no difference It is uncertain It is not made clear It is still a question It is not decided It is to be found out It is to be decided I doubt/wonder/ have no idea/dont know,whether,3:名词性从句皆用陈述语序。 I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs. I want to know where you had put my pen. 时态 :(与间接引语基本一
17、致)如果主句是现在时，从句时态可以不变，但如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。当从句是客观真理,定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。 宾： I know he lives here. He asked whether his father would come back. The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun. 表：That is what I was worried about two days ago.It looked as if it was going to rain.,4:that
18、的省略 that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注意以下几点: 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we dont have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. 宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：,（A）当t
19、hat从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如： He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. D.当主语为the reaso
20、n时,注意应用that 引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用because。例如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.(此句中的that不可用because代替),that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A) It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ be
21、lieved/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末, 这时that可以省略。例如: That he has lost his work is not true. 他丢了工作不是真的。 =It is not true (that) he has lost his
22、work.,5: who, whoever, whom和whomever 在引导名词性从句时,在句中作主语时用who,意思是“谁“,含有疑问意味,whoever是它的强语势“无论谁“,不含有疑问意味。表示的人，相当于the person who,或anyone who Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 注意区别： 疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the
23、shop. 疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever you do, you must do it well. ( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.) Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, (=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(让步状语，意为无论谁）, no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 作宾语时用whom, 其相应强语势为whomever。判别时要根据句意以及在句中的语法功
24、能来决定该用哪个引导词。例如: Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用Whoever显然句意不通) Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去.(Whoever wants 相当于Anybody who wants,意为“凡是想的人“。这里不可换为Who。) Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁作候选人了? You c
25、an give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。,6：because引导的表语从句 Because 可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because”结构中 注意：the reason后面的表语从句只能由that引导，即the reason is that the reason (why) is that The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill. 7: 注意what/ that/ which引导词与定语从句
26、的引导词的区别 what与which引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。,what 表示泛指的事物,常译为“什么“或“所的事物“, what=all that, everything that在从句中作主，宾，表语。 I dont believe what he said.(I dont believe all that he said.) whatever是它的强语势“无论什么“; 不能引导定语从句。 E.g: I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。 that在所有的名词性从句中都不作任
27、何成分。 That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.,which表示特定事物中的“哪一个(些)”,一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词,在一定的语境中,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever是它的强语势“无论哪一个(些)”。 在名词性从句中加上名词做主语宾语 e.g: I dont know which answer is right. I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架上的(任何一本)书,只要她喜欢
28、,我都会给她。在定语从句中，单独做主语宾语 e.g: I see a film which was popular in the past. that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；e.g: I knew that I was wrong. 在定语从句中 作宾语主语 e.g: I get the very news that is important to me.,三、主语从句典型错误 1：That she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 2: He will give up his job surpr
29、ises all of us. 3:No matter who breaks the law will be punished. 4:If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet. 5: That worried her a bit that he couldnt get in touch with her friend. 6: He is said he has gone to America.,表语从句典型错误： 1：The reason why I was late was because I missed the
30、train. 2: -I rang you at about ten, but there is no reply. -Oh, that was probably why I was seeing the doctor. 3: The difficult we now meet with is if we can persuade him to tell the truth.,四、走出名词性从句的“误区” 误区之一：混淆that 与what的用法 1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food s
31、upply in the world. （ 误 ） What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. （ 正 ）,解析：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当句子成分；what则表示“什么”或“的东西或事情”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语等。本句中的what充当discuss的宾语。,误区二：混淆that与why的用法 2. Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut
32、 down too many trees in recent years. （ 误 ）,Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. （ 正 ） 解析：why引导的名词性从句或 reason作主语时，引导表语从句的引导词用that而不用because。Because也可以引导表语从句，常用于This / That is because的句式中。 误区三：混淆if与whether的用法,3. If the famous scientist will com
33、e to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.（ 误 ） Whether the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet. （ 正 ）e.g. He was not sure whether he ought to laugh or cry. 解析：if 与whether引导宾语从句时经常可以互换。但在下列情况下常使用whether:,从句中提出两种选择时,或句中有or not时；2. 作介词时的宾语时;
34、 3. 从句提前时; 4. 引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时； 5. 放在不定式前,与不定式组成词组时; 6. 作discuss等词的宾语时; e.g. He was not sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.,I worry about whether I hurt her feelings Whether he will come or not I dont quite know. We discussed whether we should close the shop. She hasnt decided whether to go or
35、 not.,1. I dont know whether / if I can come. = I dont know whether I can come or not. 2. We worried about whether he was in good health or not. 3. The question is whether you can do it yourself. Whether they will win is all the same to me. The question whether he should come himself or send another
36、 one hasnt been decided. 4. I havent decided whether to go there or not. 误区四: 遗漏连词that,4. People in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （ 误 ） That people in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （ 正 ） 1. 宾语不止一个时, 第一个that可以省略, 而其他的that常不可以省略。 e.
37、g. I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.,解析: that 在引导宾语从句时常可省略, 但在下列情况下常不可以省去: 2. That引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时. 3. 宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时. 4. 介词except, but, besides, in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时. 5. 当it 作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时。如：,E.g. We have made it clear that we wi
38、ll learn to deal with various difficult problems. We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.,6.当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that(或this)时，that 常不可省略。如： e.g. Comrade Wang told me that that was why he was not a little tired.,He said that this was not his book, but his sisters. 7. 当when, who, wh
39、at, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。如：1) I know what the time is and that the wind remains low. 2)Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.,8. that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。如： E.g. That she ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. That you could complete the project so soon I
40、never thought.,误区五：混淆no matter who/ what与whoever / whatever 5. No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（ 误 ） Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 ） 解析：whatever, whoever, whichever等一些连词既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter who / what只能引导让步状语从句而不能引导名词性从句。,五、名词性从句考点归纳,考点之一：考查that 与w
41、hat e.g. 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what (NMET96) 分析：在名词性从句中that 与what 的区别是：that 在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用；而 what 在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且充当句子成分。,句子的意思是：我们得不到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好。此题考查了两个名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句，what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。,考点之二：考查it 作形式主语或形式宾语 e.g
42、. 2. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 95) A. There B. This C. That D. It,分析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是that 引导的主语从句往往用it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.,考点之三：考查名词性从句的语序 e.g. 3.Th
43、e photographs will show you _. ( MET 89) A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 分析：名词性从句应用陈述语序；再根据句型what does sb. / sth. look like?, 所以选B.,考点之四：考查whether 与if 4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weathe
44、r. (NMET 96) A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析：句意为：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。whether 与if 的区别是：在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not 时，常用whether , 而不用 if。,5. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海2001） A. when B. how C. whether D. wh
45、y 分析：句意为：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。 whether 引导的是表语从句。,考点之五：考查 whatever, whoever. 与 no matter what / who.,e.g. 6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. (上海 1995）A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析：句意为：Sarah 希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。注意：whatever, whoever. 既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从
46、句；而no matter what / who .只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever错。,考点之六：考查名词性从句的虚拟语气 e.g. 7. It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. （上海1993） A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析：句意为：大学生至少掌握一门外语是必要的。that 引导的主语从句中谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。我们应注意：,1).在句型：1. It is nec
47、essary / important / natural / strange, etc. that . 2. It is a pity / shame / no wonder, etc. that 3. It is suggested / requested / proposed / desired, etc. that . 中，that从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。,2). 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，这类动词有：suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, o
48、rder, command等。 3). 主语是suggestion, proposal, request等表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、决定”等意义的词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。,4). 表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、决定”等意义的名词后边的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。,1987-2006年高考试题中的名词性从句 1._ you have done might do harm to other people. ( 87 ) A. That B. What C. Which D. This,2. They have no idea at all _. ( 87 ) A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ( 88 ) A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,
