1、注重策略 指导学法 单词组块记 词汇轻松学,普通高中英语课程标准对学生词汇的八级要求即高考要求： 学生学会使用3300个左右的单词和400500个习惯用语或固定搭配；运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度；在比较复杂的情况下，运用词汇给事物命名、进行指称、描述行为和特征、说明概念等。,中学英语词汇教与学的现状,语言学家Harman曾说过，“如果说结构是语言的骨骼，词汇就是最重要的器官和血肉。” 词汇量的大小直接决定一个人语言水平的高低。离开了高效率的词汇学习，语言知识的掌握就无从谈起，通过听、说、读、写进行交际的能力也必将成为无源之水、无本之木。 背记词汇使高中生痛苦万状，耗时低效，且易忘。
2、,教学方面存在的弊端： 、词汇教学方法乏味，缺乏语境。单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间。词汇讲解过于集中，在整个词汇教学过程中，基本上是以教师讲授为主，而且往往是词典搬家，例句过泛，学生一直处于被动地位，除了记笔记，极少积极参与。 、生词复现率太低。新教材话题多，范围广，故生词重现少，除了老师在课堂上的讲解之外，学生很少有机会再接触。 、词汇检查手段单一。检测手段不外乎默写、听写、口笔头翻译。,中学英语词汇教与学的现状,学生在在学习方面存在的症结: 、记忆方法不当。学生没有掌握读音规则和构词法则而死记硬背，造成记词汇难，学习枯燥乏味，进而失去兴趣，知难而退。 、目标不明。学生孤立地
3、为记单词而记单词，为完成任务而强记，并且是一个单词一个意义的强记，忽视单词搭配或语境中有较多的不同意义与用法，造成要么记不住，要么记过就忘，所记词汇随着任务的结束而消失。 、母语定势心理。学生常用汉语词汇的词性、释义等来规范英语词汇，用汉语的语言习惯来表达英语，阻碍和干扰对英语词汇的学习。 、复习巩固不及时。由于学生未能主动去复习、巩固已学词汇和短语，长期束之高阁，待再见到时，差不多已是生面孔。随着所学词汇的不断增多，“被遗忘的角落”也逐渐扩大。,鲁迅中学学生英语词汇学习策略问卷调查,“完全不符合的的实际情况”、“基本不符合我的实际情况”、“有点符合我的实际情况”、“大部分符合我的实际情况”和
4、“ 完全符合我的实际情况”。,词汇学习观念（分项平均分：3.3） 1我只掌握教师所教的单词的含义，其他搭配或意义我无暇顾及。（，） 2. 我结合实际运用所学单词。（，） 3. 我主要结合上下文学习单词。（，5）,认知策略（平均分：3.13.6）记忆策略（分项平均分：2.8 3.6 ）猜测词义策略（分项平均分：3.4 4.5 ） 调控策略（平均分：3 4.3）计划策略（分项平均分：3.7 4.6 ）监控策略（分项平均分： 2.63.5 ）调节策略（分项平均分：3.1 3.9） 资源策略（平均分：2.5 3.7 ） 交际策略（平均分：2 3 ）,词汇教学是整个英语教学过程中的一项繁重而艰巨的任务。
5、,词汇教学与语音教学、语法教学、句型教学、课文教学、口语教学、阅读教学等都有着密切的关系。,词汇教学或学习应符合以下要求：,揭示词汇的音素、结构、性质和搭配规律；在词义不同的语境或情境中，让学生去感知和认识其不同的意义；经常阅读简易读物，扩大词汇量，培养猜词能力和获取信息处理信息的能力；依据学生不同的交际需要和学生的生活实际，安排相应类型的语言活动或设计专题交流活动，培养学生运用目的语的能力；提高复现率，形成词汇的永久记忆。,学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略； 词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力.,方法指导篇,一、揭示规则，培养学生的认知策略,1、读音规律，有据可循，音形结合，拼写流利. 掌
6、握音标拼读规则，学会听其音能拼其形，见其形能发其音 形成从单词到发音的自动化反应 tion、ssion、tian、ture、ar 等等。促进学生内化语言规则，消除对单词拼写的恐惧感 对于发音特殊的音形不一的单词须特殊处理，对比记忆如enough ， thought ， through ， thorough ， cough ，dough ，plough,2、明确词义，知晓词性，构词法则，扩展延伸,利用同根词。如transport，transportable，transportation，porter，portable，portability，import, importer, export, e
7、xporter, report, reporter 等等。 利用构词法。派生、合成法和转换法 混合：brunch, motel, Oxbridge, multiversity, smog, sci-fi等缩略：VOA, UN, UNESCO等,二、激发思维，丰富学生的联想策略,1、谐音联想，趣味万象，读音意义，直接沟通radar雷达，poker扑克，bowling保龄球，tank坦克，talk show脱口秀，carnation康乃馨。 Spain西班牙，Holland荷兰，Italy意大利 camellia山茶花“可美丽了”，,2、拆词组词，趣味记忆，分解组合，其乐无穷,单词分解法。例：ba
8、nkroll “银行”“滚动”的是资金，oasis 噢！“好象”是绿州，handout“手”伸“出来”要救济品。 合成排列法。如waiting-room, reading-room, classroom, bedroom, dining-room, living-room。 如实际名词后缀的-age bandage, carriage, marriage, package, passage, postage, shortage, storage。,相似单词组合排列法。例：bubble, babble（ 嘴里）“冒泡泡，”“喋喋不休”，noble，Nobel“高贵的”“诺贝尔奖”。 a vill
9、a in the village村里的别墅，carve a carp on a card在卡片上雕刻一条鲤鱼。,中心词词组归纳法。如以out为中心构成的动词词组和名词词组： break out, call out, carry out , come out, be out, jump out, pick out, point out, set out, keep out, let out, give out , die out, cross out, leave out, figure out, think out, put out, work out, go all out, help ou
10、t, take out, turn out, try out; out of date, out of sight, out of mind, out of trouble, out of danger, out of breath, out of work, out of patience, out of order等。,3、同义反义，区别识记，事物范畴，分类记忆,归纳同义、反义词。如burst into tears (burst out crying)与burst into laughter (burst out laughing), succeed (success)与fail (fai
11、lure)。 理顺事物范畴。如year（年）和yearly（年刊）, season quarter,（季）, quarterly（季刊）, month（月）, monthly（月刊）, fortnight（半月）, fortnightly（半月刊），week（周）, weekly（周刊）, day（日）, daily（日刊）。,总结不规则动词变化表. AAA型：cutcutcut , putputput AAB型：beatbeaten ABB型：build-built-built , digdugdug ABA型：come-came-come, runranrun ABC型：fall-fell
12、-fallen, rise- rose- risen iau型：beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk等等。 ABB/CC light- lit- lit/ light- lighted- lighted ABB/BC strike-struck-struckstrike- struck-stricken,同音异形异义词的对比。如：there adv.（那儿）, their pron.（它们的）， strait n. （海峡）, straight adj. adv.（笔直）, steal v.（偷），steel n.（钢）， flower n.（花），flour（面粉）
13、 meat n.（肉）meet v.（遇到） 同形异音异义的对比。如：tearn.（眼泪）v.（撕，撕粹）， leadv.（过生活；领导；通向；引导）n.（铅）， permit n.（许可证），(准许，允许), present n., adj.（礼物；现在的；出席的）v.（介绍，呈现；赠给）， live adj.（活的，实况播送的；通上电的）v.（活，居住，过（生活）.,形近音异意不同的对比。 如：aboard, abroad accept, except, expect, inspect affect, effect，afford alone, along , lonely flash ,
14、flesh , fresh better，bitter ，butter Invent, invite , visit medal, model，modal , modern, metal, mental,同音同形异义的对比。 如：I saw a fly fly into the room a moment ago. As soon as I ran into the workshop, I ran the machine quickly. Dont rock that baby on the rock while playing that rock music.单复数意不同的对比。 如：goo
15、d（好处）与goods（货物）,glass（玻璃）与glasses（眼镜）, wood（木头）与woods（森林）, arm（手臂）与arms（武器）等等。 顺口溜记忆法,过程渗透篇,三、设置情境，促进学生的交际策略,1、识词辩义，不离句文，置于情景，心明意清 利用语境。,My parents are presenting the peasants present with pleasant presents at present. The boy laying the table lied that the hen lying there had just laid two big eggs
16、. The sleeping child is sound asleep now, so when he is awake, he wont feel sleepy.,辐射思维。 Today is my birthday. When I came home with a light heart（adj.轻松的）, my parents were busy preparing dinner. The light in the room was poor（n. 光线）, so I turned on the lights（n.灯）. Now our room was bright with all
17、 the lights on. （n. 灯）Soon dinner was ready. My father turned off the lights（n. 灯）and lighted（v.点燃）the candles on the cake which lit up （v.照亮，使明亮）the room. Light music（轻音乐） was played. I prayed for my dream and when I opened my eyes, the lights（n. 灯） were on again. In my mothers hand lay a present.
18、It was a light（adj.轻的） silk scarf with a light (adj.浅色的，淡色的) blue flower in the middle. How beautiful it was! How happy I was!,欣赏阅读。 （1）欣赏特殊的句型和句式。 It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. （2）欣赏文中的精彩词语和句
19、子。如： The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.,（3）欣赏描写特定场景和特殊心境的词语与句式。有些作者选用某些特殊的句型或句式来增强文章的感染力，从而更好地表达情感。如Jack London关于对地震的描述：Never before in history has a city been so com
20、pletely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. Nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre of the city. Its businesses are gone. The factories, hotels and palaces are all gone, too.There was no stopping the fires. There was no way to organize or communicate. A list of buildings
21、 undestroyed was now only a few addresses. A list of brave men and women would fill the library. A list of all those killed will never be made.,（4）美文诵读,Life is a great joke most of the time; however, the problem is that most people treat this joke very seriously. Life is given to us for enjoying and
22、 having fun, while we all see lots of sorrow and unhappiness around us. The amazing fact is that most of this sorrow and unhappiness is our creation. We make most mistakes in life due to our greed. However, in all this run we miss many beautiful moments of life. ,2、巩固词义，感知用法，小组讨论，实际运用 英语解释。 单词、词组、句子
23、 如M8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions 1.Youll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance. 2. All really big discoveries are the result of thought. 3. Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the wood. 4. Bell was an inventor all his life. 5. The day is coming when telegraph wires will
24、be laid on to houses just like water or gas.,头脑风暴。,Unit 5, Volcanoes M5,学生能说出很多相关的词汇：earthquakes, floods, droughts, typhoons, hurricanes, fires, volcano eruptions, storms, snow storms, sand storms, thunder storms, landslides, avalanches（雪崩，山崩）,mountain torrential（山体滑坡）, torrents rain（山洪，暴雨）, tsunami
25、s. 接下来还可利用联想找出许多与natural disaster有“牵连”的动词、词组等。 还可由这些现象想到各种原因与结果， 再由结果联想到相应的人为原因， 针对这些现象可采取哪些措施等等。,自然灾害的词，教师在黑板上表出关联词群。,natural disaster 学生能说出很多相关词汇：earthquakes, floods, droughts, typhoons, hurricanes, fires, volcano,英汉对比。 汉语 英语 我的英语好。 Im good at my English. 我的生活好。 Im living a happy life. 我的身体好。 Im i
26、n good health./ Imfine/ well. 我的视力好。 I have a good eyesight. 我的生意好。 I have good business./ Im getting on well with my business. 四川发生大地震。 A strong earthquake happened /took place/ occurred in Sichuan. A strong earthquake hit / struck Sichuan. Sichuan was struck/ hit by a strong earthquake.,搭配差异。英语中有许
27、多同义词在与其他词使用的规则上或在适用的句式和位置分配上往往有约定俗成的“习惯用法”，如果将它们所组合的词组或句子排列起来加以比较，学生对它们的概念就会更清楚。 如：gain (fame, honour, experience, respect); earn (wage, a living, bread, admiration); win (a prize, a war, a match, a victory)等。beat (sb, a team, a class, a school, an army. )defeat (sb, a team, the enemy) 复用举例。To win t
28、he battle, the soldiers, who were by no means easily beaten, were encouraged to gain all their strength to defeat the enemy, and drive them out of the country for good. Their bravery earned them great reputation and admiration.,一句多译。 他是班上最好的学生。 He is the best student in the class. He is better than
29、anyone else / any other student in the class. He is better than any of the other students / all the other students in the class. Nobody else in the class is as good as he.,话题讨论。 话题讨论是词汇理解与运用的突破口。教材中每一单元都有一个中心话题以及相关词汇。因此，教师课前要有效导入，引出重点词汇，课中要围绕重点，以话题为主线，理顺逻辑，层层推进。 例：M8 Unit 2 Cloning What do you know
30、about cloning? (definition, kinds of cloning, benefits, questions, etc.) Retell the procedures of sheep cloning Is cloning good or bad?,Welcome to Shaoxing,编者点评：作者以饱含深情的文笔介绍民美丽的绍兴。优美的风景，深厚的文化底蕴，诱人的小吃，传统与现代交融的城市建筑，这就是历史文化名城绍兴。在这里，你不仅可以感受到繁荣与忙碌，也可以享受到“偷得浮生半日闲”的悠然与闲适。文章过渡自然顺畅，恰到好处地使用了复合句及高级词汇，显示出作者深厚的语
31、言功底。,高二（16）班 陈晓伊,Shaoxing is not what can easily be ignored even by the most demanding visitor. Located in the north of Zhejiang Province with a population of over four million people, it is the destination of thousands of visitors who come every year to experience the culture and history of one of
32、the charming historical cities in China.,The most exciting thing about Shaoxing is how much there is to see, eat and do there. For the fans of Luxun, the best choice is the Former Residence of Lunxun. Lunxun, who was honoured as the soul of the nation, is not only the pride of Shaoxing but also the
33、pride of China. A trip to the Tomb of Yu the Great is a history lesson. So is Fushan mountain. For sightseers, the East Lake is like a beautiful landscape painting. Besides, Lanting Pavilion is known as the paradise of calligraphy.,In addition, the City Square, covering an area of several hundred sq
34、uare metres, is in the centre of the city. Its worth your visit. You will be fascinated by both the modern buildings and the old constructions. Drifting along the small rivers, you can not only enjoy the view of the citys prosperity but also experience the peaceful life.,If you are a person who is i
35、nterested in all kinds of delicious food, its right for you to visit Shaoxing. There are a number of local products. Have you ever heard of the yellow wine made from the special water from Jianhu Lake? Have you tasted tofu which has a special smell? Have you tried the beans flavoured with aniseed? I
36、f not, try them! Once you drink the wine, youll never forget its unique taste. When you eat the smelly tofu, you will fall in love with it. If you try the fennel beans, youd like to have more.,Shaoxing is such a lively and charming city to visit with something for everyone. Im sure it will be a feas
37、t for your eyes and your mouth as well. Welcome to Shaoxing.,3、词汇教学，过程体现，听说读写，反复运用,单元词汇教学应分轻重缓急，保证突出重点，分散难点，在不同的活动中处理词汇。如在听力中的词汇应在听力练习过程中教学，阅读中的词汇要在阅读过程中体现。,词汇学习主题化（theme based）， 语境化（contextualized）,在听、说、读、写各项技能训练之前，通过有效导入，明确地将要学习或复现的生词呈现出来，便于学生在具体的语言练习操作中学习掌握。 模块小结中单词均为主题相关。(Vocabulary: Words to le
38、arn; Words to revise) 词汇练习与各项技能训练紧密结合，不孤立训练单词 Vocabulary and listening Vocabulary and speaking Vocabulary and reading Vocabulary and grammar Vocabulary and writing,Unit 3 M8 Listening on P26,听力渗透。 A telephone interview BrainstormingPredicting Who is the inventor? What did he invent? What might the p
39、roblem be?,make telephone calls,dial a number phone / telephone sb, call / ring sb up, give sb a phone/ call/ ring, make a call answer the phone, pick up the receiver call / ring back, hang up, hang off, ring off get through hang on The line is busy / engaged.,Can I speak to ? Is that speaking?Is Bo
40、b there? Yes, this is speaking. / speaking./ Speaking./ Its Bob here. Whos that? This isHold the line, please. Im sorry, but this phone is out of order. Sorry. He isnt here right now. Ill ring him up again. Hang on, please. Just a moment, please. I cant get through. Can I ring back later? I must rin
41、g off now because,a living British inventor called James Dyson,?,Pre-listening,the words you hear,washing machine,drum,refrigerator,carpet cleaner,bicycle,court,Task 1 Listen for the 1st time and tick the words you hear.,Listening,Speaking Apply for a job,Just a moment, please. I cant get through. C
42、an I ring back later? I must ring off now because,Hold the line, please. Im sorry, but this phone is out of order. Sorry. He isnt here right now. Ill ring him up again. Hang on, please.,Useful information,交际运用。 Speaking Apply for a job,Ring up one of James engineers to ask what kind of person he nee
43、ds and make a list of the skills they need.,WB Ex2 P64,阅读依托。,猜测词义：模块6 Unit 5 The power of nature在Reading task中有很多生词都可以根据上下文或构词法来猜测。pack, fountain, fear, flood属于词性转换，此处为动词，overflow, sandbag, underneath, backpack属于合成词汇，lead, sink属于一词多义现象，lead此处为名词，指“系狗用的带子或绳索”，sink为名词，意思是“污水坑”。,课文复述,1.What were the pr
44、oblems? How did they decide to deal with?,snakes make home remove them without hurting,Find out some details,2.Were there any powders to remove them? What did she decide to do?,3. What possible methods did she think of?Which did she choose finally?,4. What tools were used to catch the snakes?,5. Wha
45、t were the 3 creative steps to catch the snakes alive?How did they work?,6. What has she done with her invention?Is it easy to get a patent for invention? Why?,no ready productsonly powders set about researching,decide on 3 possible ways: removing attractingcooling; choose the third one: cooling the
46、m to sleep easy to catch,a bowl and ice cubes, a bucket and a small net,1) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat in the morning,two hours later, less active, abruptly disappear intoconvenient 2) to put in the evening, overnight, sleepy, bite 3) to put in the evening carry a net to collect t
47、hem the next morning, monitoredpassive, go according to plan,apply for a patent, not easy, valid, truly novel, different from everybody elses,Retell the text: the problem of the snakes,突出重点。 Replace the following with the words and expressions in this text.,1. give sb a ring 2. experience 3. occasio
48、nally 4. do sth so well that people notice and admire you 5. begin to do sth thoroughly 6. suddenly, quickly and without warning7. expecting, firm belief that sth will happen,call up,go through,now and then,distinguish,set about doing,abruptly,expectation,纵横联系。,1. When I called up my mother in the c
49、ountryside on the telephone she was very upset. (=ring up, British English),The smell of those flowers calls up my childhood.,call for,邀，约, 叫 需要,I will call for you at 8 tomorrow morning.,This trouble calls for quick action by the government.,The cricket team(板球队）had to call off the game becauseof the rain.,取消,使想起,
