中考第一轮复习之_介词和数词.ppt

1、,第25课 介词和数词,介 词,真题体验,( )1. Steve Jobs was born _ 1955 and died last year. (2012衢州)A. on B. toC. at D. in,D,真题体验,( )2. _ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived _ Shanghai. (2012滨州)A. In; at B. On; toC. In; in D. On；in,D,真题体验,( )3. People from different parts of the world go to London _ th

2、e Olympic Games this summer. (2012丽水)A. in B. fromC. to D. for,D,真题体验,( )4. My father has a habit of jogging _ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning. (2012南京)A. between B. alongC. over D. through,B,真题体验,( )5. Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school?Sure. No subject can be learned we

3、ll _ hard work. (2012连云港)A. without B. throughC. by D. with,A,考点解读,中考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法和介词的辨析上。在平时学习时应注重以下三点：1. 表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法；2. 介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配；3同义或近义介词辨析。,考向聚焦,热点考向一 时间介词,1. at，in，on, byat表示时间点、时刻。如： at 510pm; at the beginning of; at the end of.; at night；at noon; at thesame time。at表示短暂的一段时间或被认为是

4、标志大事的节日。如：at Christmas；at the age of.in用于世纪、朝代、年代、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、傍晚等一段时间的名词前。如：in the 1990s；in summer；in January；in 2012；in the morning。,考向聚焦,on表示具体的某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上。如：on August 8th；on Monday；on New Years Day；on a cold morning；on Sunday afternoon。 by表示“不迟于，在前”。如：We had finished the work by ten oclock t

5、his morning. 到今天早上1000为止，我们已经完成了工作。,2. in, after 在之后“in时间段”用于将来时；“after时间段”用于过去时；“after时间点”既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。如：Jim will go to Beijing in five days. 吉姆五天后会去北京。Jim went to Beijing after five days. 五天后，吉姆去了北京。Jim will go to Beijing after five oclock. 吉姆会在五点钟后去北京。,考向聚焦,3. for, sincefor可用于过去时、现在时或将来时，着重说明“多

6、久”，后接时间段。since意为“自从起”，多与完成时连用，后接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。如：He has lived here for 2 weeks. 他在这儿住了两个星期了。He has lived here since 2 weeks ago. 他在这儿住了两个星期了。Its five years since he left school. 他毕业五年了。,考向聚焦,4. after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置。如：You should take a walk after dinner. 你应该在晚饭后散会儿

7、步。The picture is behind the door. 这幅图在门后。,考向聚焦,考向聚焦,【例1】 We can be thankful every day, not just _ Thanksgiving Day. (2012河北) A. in B. onC. to D. by解析：在具体的某天前用介词on。,B,考向聚焦,【例2】 I was born _ the morning _ February 25th, 1997. (2011宿迁)A. in; of B. on; inC. in; on D. on; of解析：特指某一特定的上午、下午或晚上前用介词on;the m

8、orning 与 February 25th, 1997是从属关系，用of。,D,考向聚焦,【例3】 I joined the League _ May, 2009. What about you?Ive been a League member _ three years. (2011滨州)A. in; for B. on; inC. on; for D. in; since解析：在某一月前介词用in；表一段时间前介词用for。,A,考向聚焦,【例4】 Shanghai Disneyland has started to be built andit will be open _ five

9、years. (2011台州)A. in B. forC. from D. before解析：句意：上海迪士尼乐园已经开始修建，五年后将对外开放。,A,考向聚焦,【例5】 I lost my way _ a rainy night and my mother was quite worried _ me.A. on; with B. on; aboutC. at; with D. at; about解析：在一个下雨的晚上，介词用on；be worried about 为固定短语。,B,考向聚焦,热点考向二 方位介词,1. at, in, on, toat接小地点或表示“在附近，旁边”。in接大

10、地点或表示“在范围之内”。on表示接壤。to 表示“在范围外”，并不接壤。如：He arrived at school at 8 oclock. 他8点钟到学校。He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday. 他昨天到温州。Zhejiang is in the east of China. 浙江在中国的东部。Zhejiang is on the south of Jiangsu Province. 浙江在苏州的南面。Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。,考向聚焦,2. above, over, on 在上above 在上方，表相对高

11、度，不强调是否垂直，与below相对。over在正上方，表垂直的高度，与under相对。on表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：The bird is flying above my head. 鸟在我的头上飞。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。,考向聚焦,3. below, under 在下面under在正下方。below在下，不一定在正下方。如：There is a dog under the desk.有一只狗在书桌下。Please write your name belo

12、w the line. 请在横线的下方写下你的名字。,考向聚焦,4. across, through 通过，穿过across表示从物体表面通过，与on有关。through表示通过一个空间，与in有关。如：The boy ran across the street. 这个男孩跑过了街。He walked through the forest. 他穿过了森林。,考向聚焦,5. between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间。among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。如：There is a bank between the post office and the police

13、 station. 在邮局和警察局之间是一家银行。The teacher is standing among the students. 老师站在学生们中间。,考向聚焦,6. in, into, out ofin在里面，用于表示静止的位置。into进入，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动作的动词连用，如：come, go, run, rush等。out of从里出来，与into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。如：Her mother works in the hospital. 她的妈妈在医院里工作。The child ran into his mothers arms. 这小孩跑进了他

14、妈妈的怀里。All the children rushed out of the classroom when thebell rang. 当铃响时，所有的孩子都冲出了教室。,考向聚焦,【例6】 It is really cool to realize your dream _ great effort. (2012杭州)A. through B. ofC. till D. about解析：通过不懈地努力。故“through通过”符合题意。,A,考向聚焦,【例7】 In the United States, 27% of people _ the ages of 1834 live with

15、their parents. (2012绍兴)A. between B. atC. from D. on解析：表达两者之间，介词用between。,A,考向聚焦,【例8】 Taiwan is part of China. It is _ the southeast of our country. A. to B. onC. in D. at解析：台湾是中国的一部分，介词用in。,C,考向聚焦,热点考向三 工具、手段、方式介词,1. by, in, on表示旅行的方式by与某些交通工具名词连用，名词须有单数，其前 不加冠词或任何修饰语。如：by bike，by bus，by taxi，by tr

16、ain，by plane，by boat, by ship。in/on表示旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通时，用in或on，名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰。如：in a car，in the plane，on the bus，on his bike。on与表信息或通信工具名词连用。如：on the phone, on the radio, on the Internet。,考向聚焦,2. with，by，in均可表示“用”，表示行为方式、手段或使用工具。with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如：How amazing! The boy can writ

17、e with his two hands at the same time. 真神奇，这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。by/in多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如：by hand，in English，in a low voice，in this way。He studies English by reading aloud every day. 他通过每天大声朗读学英语。,考向聚焦,【例9】 How do you study for a test?_ working with friends. (2011德阳)A. By B. WithC. On D. Through解析：by意为“通过方式”；

18、with意为“和在一起”；on意为“朝，向”。句意：“你是怎么为考试做准备的？”“通过和朋友一起学习”。,A,考向聚焦,【例10】 It takes us about _ hour to get to the YangzhouTaizhou Airport from Yangzhou by_ bus. (2012扬州)A. an; a B. a; anC. an; / D. a; /解析：第一空表示“数量一”，且元音发音开头；第二空，介词by与交通工具连用时不加冠词。,C,考向聚焦,热点考向四 介词短语,1. at短语at first 首先，起初；at dinner在吃正餐；at work在工

19、作；at school 在上学； at the table 在桌子旁；at the back of在后面；at the foot of在脚下；at all根本；at the same time 同时；at the meeting 在会上；at least最少。 2. by短语by hand用手，手工； by the time.到的时候；by the end of到结束时；by the way顺便说；day by day 日复一日；one by one 一个接一个地。,考向聚焦,3. in短语in time及时；小声地；in bed 卧床；in trouble 处于困境； in public 当

20、众；in fact事实上；in surprise 惊奇地；in a hurry匆忙，急忙；in a word 总而言之；in the end 最后； in space在太空； in the day在白天；in a short while 不久； in line 成一条线； in silence安静地； in themiddle of 在中间；in the air在空中；in common共同之处。,考向聚焦,4. on短语on show在展览中；on display陈列，展览；on time按时；on foot步行；on ones way to 在路上；on duty值日；on top of在

21、的顶部； on the radio通过无线电广播； on the left(right)在左(右)边； on the other side of 在的另一边。,考向聚焦,5. to短语to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是。 6. 其他固定搭配be full of充满；be filled with装满； be born in出生于； be sure of确信； be made of 由制成； be used to 习惯于； be late for迟到； be strict with对某人要求严格； be excited about对感到激动。,考向聚焦,7. 介词与动词的固定搭配arr

22、ive in/at 到达大/小地方； agree with同意，赞同； askfor要求，请求。catch up with 赶上，追上； come from 来自。do well in在做得好；decide on决定。fall behind 落后。get on with与某人相处； go on with sth.继续做某事； getto 到达；go to school去上学； go to bed(sleep)去睡觉；go to the cinema 去看电影。have nothing with 与无关；hear from收到来信； hear of 听说； help.with.在(某方面)帮助；

23、hand in 交上来。,考向聚焦,keep out of不让进入；knock at 敲(门)。laugh at 嘲笑； listen to听；look after照看，照料；look at看；look like看起来像；look for寻找；look forward to 盼望。move to 搬家(到某地)。pay for支付，付钱；play with玩耍；point at指向。say hello to 向问好；shout at对喊叫。take part in 参加； take care of 关心，照顾；talk about谈论；take away 拿走，带走；take(catch) h

24、old of抓住；think of想起； think about 考虑；turn.into把变成；thanks to 幸亏，由于。worry about为担心；wait for等候。,考向聚焦,【例11】 You really dont have to worry _ your weight. You look just right. (2012上海)A. for B. fromC. with D. about解析：固定短语worry about担忧。,D,考向聚焦,【例12】 I think drinking milk every morning is good _ our health.Y

25、es. I agree _ you. (2012咸宁)A. to; to B. with; toC. at; with D. for; with解析：短语辨析。be good for 对有好处，agree with sb. 同意某人。,D,考向聚焦,【例13】 Sometimes most of us probably are angry _our friends, parents or teachers.(2011荷泽)A. to B. withC. at D. for 解析：be angry with是固定搭配，意为“对生气”。,B,领悟语法,. 单项选择 ( )1. English is

26、 my favorite subject, and I am good _ it. (2012临沂)A. for B. toC. at D. of解析：考查固定搭配。由上文“英语是我最喜欢的功课”可知“我擅长于它”。故“be good at擅长于” 符合题意。,C,领悟语法,( )2. Is your father home? No, hes working late _ the office. (2012包头)A. on B. atC. of D. to解析：考查固定搭配。表达在某个地点介词用at。,B,领悟语法,( )3. Jack, you seem to be _Yes. Its 82

27、0 now and my train leaves in ten minute. (2012盐城)A. in a hurry B. in fearC. in safety D. in silence解析：考查短语辨析。由下文“火车10分钟后要开了”可知“in a hurry匆忙”符合题意。,A,领悟语法,( )4. I gave up the piano lessons because I have so much homework to do, but its _ my own wishes. (2012日照)A. in B. onC. for D. against解析：考查介词辨析。由转折

28、词“but”可知这是“against违背”我的意愿的。,D,领悟语法,( )5. All the people went home _ Mr. Wang, for he had to finish his work. (2012德州)A. with B. besidesC. except D. after解析：考查介词辨析。由下文“他不得不完成他的工作”可知“除了他以外，大家都回家了”。故“except除了(排除他以外)”符合题意。,C,领悟语法,( )6. Could you help me look _ my pet dog when I am away? (2012来宾)A. after

29、 B. forC. up D. like解析：考查固定短语。句意：当我离开时，你能帮我照顾一下我的狗吗？故“look after照顾”符合题意。,A,领悟语法,( )7. Yesterday I downloaded a new program _ the Internet. Now I can watch TV and movies _ my computer. (2012苏州)A. from; on B. with; inC. in ; with D. on; from解析：考查固定搭配。从互联网下载，介词用from；在电脑上看电视、电影，介词用on。故选A。,A,领悟语法,( )8. W

30、hen and where were you born? I was born _ October 1st, 1998 _Suzhou. (2011苏州)A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on解析：考查介词。在具体某天用介词on，地点前用介词in。故选C。,C,领悟语法,( )9. I wrote _ my brother last Saturday, but I haven t heard _ him up to now.(2011黄石)A. from, to B. to; ofC. to; to D. to; from解析：考查固定搭配。write

31、to意为“给某人写信”，hear from意为“收到某人的来信。,D,领悟语法,( )10. This school is different _ others. It has many outofclass activities. (2011河北)A. to B. fromC. of D. for解析：考查固定搭配。be different from意为“不同于”。,B,领悟语法,( )11. The teaching building have five floors. Myclassroom is _ the third floor.(2011徐州)A. on B. inC. at D.

32、 to解析：考查介词。在第几层楼，介词用on。,A,领悟语法,( )12. Your coat looks very nice. Whats it made _？Cotton, and it is made _ Wuhan.(2011黄岗)A. from; in B. of; inC. from; on D. of; on解析：考查短语辨析。be made of 意为“由制成”，能看出原材料的； be made from意为“由制成”，看不出原材料；be made in 意为“在哪儿制作”，后接地点。根据答语可知，大衣是由棉花做成的(可以看出原材料)。故选B。,B,领悟语法,( )13. Ca

33、n I join Oxfam Trailwalker?Only if you are _ eighteen.(2011连云港)A. over B. onC. under D. below解析：考查介词用法。句意：我可以参加乐施毅行者吗？只要你超过十八岁。故选A。,A,领悟语法,( )14. I go to school _ bus every morning.(2011重庆)A. in B. on C. at D. by解析：常考易混题。by交通工具，意为“乘”；in和on后跟交通工具表乘车方式时，中间须加冠词或形容词物主代词。故选D。,D,领悟语法,( )15. The moonlight

34、goes _ the window and makes the room bright. (2011潍坊)A. across B. throughC. over D. in解析：这四个介词的用法是考生极易混淆的。across指从其表面通过，through指从其内部通过，over指越过一段距离，in表状态。月光穿过窗户用through。,B,数 词,真题体验,( )1. About _ of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the _(2012铜仁)A. three five; 1996 B. three fifths; 199

35、0sC. third fifth; 1997 D. third fifths; 1990s,B,真题体验,( )2. Please turn to page _ and look at the _ picture in this unit. (2012聊城)A. twentieth; one B. twenty; oneC. twentieth; first D. twenty; first,D,真题体验,( )3. The chairperson received about three _ applications to join the Birdwatching Club. (2012苏

36、州)A. hundred B. hundreds ofC. hundred of D. hundreds,A,考点解读,中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点：1. 基数词和序数词的构成和用法；2. 日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法；3. 分数的表达；4. hundred, thousand, million, billion在具体语言环境中的运用。,考向聚焦,热点考向一 基数词的用法,1. 表示年份。如：1988读作nineteen eightyeight; 1907读作nineteeno(and) seven; 2000读作two thousand。 2. 表示钟点。700表示为seven oclo

37、ck705表示为seven o five/five past seven715表示为seven fifteen/fifteen past seven/a quarter past seven730表示为seven thirty/half past seven745表示为seven fortyfive/fifteen to eight/a quarter to eight,考向聚焦,【例1】 If a3 and b4, whats the answer to the problem: ab？ The answer is _. (2012宜宾)A. twelve B. nineC. eight D

38、. seven解析：数字的运算用基数词来表达。,D,考向聚焦,热点考向二 序数词的用法,序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词最后两个字母组成。序数词在句中常与the 连用。如：Im the first one to arrive here. 1. 表示日期。日期用序数词或基数词表示，但读的时候按序数词读。如：September 10th读作September the tenth；2013年6月12日写为June 12th, 2013，读作June the twelfth, two thousand and thirteen。 2. 表示编号。简单的编号用序数词、基数词都可，复杂的编号多用基数

39、词。如：the third lesson或Lesson One(第三课)；the No. 17 bus或Bus No.17(第17路公交车)；Room405(405房间)。,考向聚焦,3. 表示分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为1，分母用单数；分子大于1，分母用复数。如：one fifth(五分之一)，three fifths(五分之三)。 4. 一些习惯用法：1/4表示为a quarter，3/4表示为three quarters，1/2表示为a half。,考向聚焦,【例2】 How was your weekend?Great! It was my grandfathers _ b

40、irthday. We enjoyed ourselves. (2012广州)A. seventy B. seventiethC. the seventieth D. seventeenth解析：由常识推测爷爷应是七十岁，排除A、D项；表达第几个生日须用序数词。,B,考向聚焦,【例3】 Now, everybody, please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture.(2011滨州)A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifthC. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five解析：Page基数词，且基数词首字母大写；the序数

41、词picture。,B,考向聚焦,热点考向三 数词中的难点,1. “数词单数名词”相当于复合形容词作定语(如：a threeyearold girl)。注意：合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。 2. hundred, thousand, million, billion的运用。在构成具体的数字时，用单数形式。如：two hundred students，表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如：thousands of students(成千上万的学生)。 3. 与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如：another three hours或three more hours。,

42、考向聚焦,4. or连接两个并列的数词时，注意所修饰名词的单复数。如：The baby is eight or nine months old. 这个婴儿八、九个月大。 5. “一两天”可表达为：a day or two或one or two days。有关“半”的表达：three years and a half或three and a half years 三年半；half an hour 半小时；one hour and a half或one and a half hours 一个半小时。,考向聚焦,【例4】 Jackie Chan has donated _ dollars tocha

43、rity.He is an example to us all. (2011黄冈)A. thousand B. thousandsC. thousand of D. thousands of解析：thousands of 为固定搭配，意为“成千上万的”。,D,领悟语法,. 单项选择 ( )1. Our school is going to hold the _ Culture Festival.I see. And we can take part in _ activities. (2012 宜昌)A. tenth; tenth B. ten; tenthC. tenth; ten D. ten; ten解析：考查数词。第一空表达“第几届文化节”须用序数词；第二空表达“第几活动”须用基数词。故选C。,C,领悟语法,( )2. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _spring holiday each year. (2009杭州)A. tenday B. ten day C. ten days D. tendays解析：考查基数词的特殊用法。基数词加连词符与名词单数连接，构成形容词，依题意表示“十天的”。故选A。,