1、Unit 8 Knowledge and Wisdom,Stage I: Pre-reading Activities(1),Watch the video clip and try to answer the following questions:,1. Why does the teacher include a painting which is not on their syllabus(课程教学大纲)?,2. What is the new syllabus for their art of history class?,She wants to teach her student
2、s how to think independently.,The new syllabus will be about what art is, what makes it good or bad, and who decides.,3. How do you think of this way of having classes?,If you can choose, which one would you like to become, a clever man or a wise man? And why?,Stage II: Pre-reading Activities(2),1.
3、What is the writers major purpose of writing?,Stage III: Global Reading,Russel tries to show us a way to approach wisdom. Throughout the text, he gives four features/factors of wisdom, from which we know that wisdom is a clever use of knowledge for noble purpose.,2.According to the writer, what are
4、the factors which constitute wisdom? (Identify the topic sentences and key words )comprehensive vision mixed with a sense of proportion(纵观全局并区分轻重缓急的能力) a full awareness of the goals of human life(对人类终极目标的清醒认识) Being sensible in the choice of ends (理性地选择追求的目标) impartiality(公正的态度),Stage IV: Structural
5、 Analysis,What view is commonly accepted in terms of knowledge and wisdom? Whats the writers opinion?(P1) Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.Paraphrase:Most people believe that knowledge is not
6、 equal to wisdom as past history has suggested that the acquisition of knowledge does not necessarily lead to the increase of wisdom.(我们的时代在知识方面远远超过过去所有时代，在智慧方面却没有得到相应的增加，这是大多数人都会同意的看法。）,Stage V: Detailed Reading (1),surpass: (vt.) exceed, to be/do better than Eg: As the saying goes, the latecomers
7、surpass the eary starters. Tr: 汤姆的表演超越了所有人的想象。 Toms performance surpassed all expectations. Tr: 她的厨艺一向都不错，但这次还是超水平发挥。 Her cooking was always good, but this time she had surpassed herself.surpass oneself 超越自我；超水平发挥,correlative: (adj.)having or showing a relation to sth. else Eg: Rights, whether moral
8、 or legal, can involve correlative duties. Derivations:correlate (v.) 使发生联系；使相互关联 Eg: His research results correlate with/to yours.correlate with/to 与（使）相互关联correlation (n.),1. What message does the writer try to convey with the example of technicians?2. How can wisdom help one in his/her pursuit of
9、 a life-long career?,Stage V: Detailed Reading (2),(P2) There are, I think, several factors that contribute to wisdom.contribute: (v.) 1) to give or offer; donate Eg: They contributed food and clothing to the refugees. 2) contribute to sth = to be one of the causes of sth Eg: Exercise contributes to
10、 better health.contribution (n.) 捐赠；贡献 contributor (n.) 贡献者；捐助者,(P2) Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.Paraphrase:Among the contributing factors of wisdom, I should regard a s
11、ense of proportion as the top priority. It refers to the ability to get a comprehensive view of a problem, and at the same time, to know which aspect is more important and which is less. （ 我想，构成智慧有几种要素，其中须置于首位的是分寸感也即辨别事情轻重缓急的能力：将问题的所有重要因素都考虑进去并掂量每个因素应有的分量的能力。 ）,a sense of proportion: the ability to
12、understand what is important and what is not proportion: 比例；均衡 in proportion 成比例；相称 out of proportion 不成比例in proportion to 与.成比例direct proportion 成正比inverse proportion 成反比golden proportion (ratio) 黄金比例 Eg: Your legs are very much in proportion to the rest of your body. proportional (adj.) Pr: 工资与工龄成
13、正比例。 Salary is directly proportional to years of experience.,take account of = take into consideration/account Tr: 在评价一个学生时，老师应该考虑到学生各个方面的表现。 While estimating a student, the teacher should take account of the students performance in all aspects.,due: (adj.) 1) proper; adequate (用于名词前) Eg: They will
14、surely meet with due punishment. 2) = expected 预期的；到期的(不能用于名词前) Eg: The bands first album is due to release later this month. Pr: 苏珊预期在一月份开始上学。 Susan is due to start school in January. 3) = owed 应付的；应得的(不能用于名词前) Eg: Our thanks are due to the whole team. Pr: 她很快就应该得到晋升了。 She is due for promotion soon
15、. in due course 顺次；及时地；在适当的时候 give sb sbs due= be fair to sb,(P2) .lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world.populous: (adj.) densely populated 人口多的 Tr: 他是世界上人口第六多和穆斯林人口第二多的国家。 It is the sixth most populous country with the second largest Muslim population.,(P2) To take a
16、n even more spectacular example.spectacular: (adj.) 1) unusual; incredible 惊人的；非同寻常的 Pr: 过去的几十年中国发生了惊人的变化。 China has witnessed spectacular changes in the past decades. 2) very impressive 壮观的，壮丽的spectacular scenery/views Pr: 埃菲尔铁塔是世界上最壮观的景致之一。 The Eiffel Tower is one of the most spectacular sights on
17、 earth.spectacle (n.) 奇观；景象,(P3)Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because they viewed facts through the distorting medium of their own passions.Paraphrase:Viewpoints of many distinguished historians have proved harmful because their opinions were biased and distorted by their nar
18、row feelings. 许多杰出的历史学家干的坏事多于好事，因为他们是通过自己的热情这种扭曲性媒介观察事实的。,eminent: (adj.) famous; outstanding Eg: Even the most eminent doctors could not cure him. Pr: 他过去是个有名的扒手。 He was an eminent pickpocket in the past.,(P3) But the chief lesson of history which he sought to inculcate was that from the year 400AD
19、 down to his own time Germany had been the most important nation and the standard-bearer of progress in the world.但他努力想要说明的历史教条主要是从公元400年到自己的年代，德国一直都是最为重要的民族以及世界进步的标准榜样。,inculcate: (vt.) teach and impress by frequent repetitions = instill Eg: The teacher failed to inculcate his students with love of
20、 knowledge. Pr: 从小我爸爸就反复给我灌输责任感。 Since childhood, my father tried to inculcate me with a sense of responsibility.inculcate an idea upon/in/into somebody inculcate sb with sth向某人反复灌输某一思想,反复灌输；谆谆教诲,(P3) It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow.it is
21、definitely/absolutely common to finddouble negative = positive,(P4) Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement.Paraphrase: It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail, although it might be no
22、ble to do so.,(P4) No doubt, if they could have found them, they would have conferred great benefits upon mankind, but as it was their lives were wasted.no doubt: certainly conferred great benefits upon mankind:brought a good and helpful effect to mankind as it was: in reality/in actual situations毫无
23、疑问，如果他们找到了这些东西，他们就为人类谋取了巨大福祉，但事实上，他们浪费了生命。,confer on/upon: 授予;赠与；把.赠与 give or grant (an official title, degree, honour, right or advantage to someone) Eg: The queen conferred knighthoods on several distinguished men. Tr: 科学似乎好象准备赐给我们最后一个礼物-消灭全人类的 力量。 Science seems ready to confer upon us, as its fin
24、al gift, the power to erase human life from this planet.,(P4) To descend to less heroic matters.through mutual hatred, bring each other to destruction.To descend to less heroic matters: to talk disapprovingly about something less worthy or less important bring each other to destruction.destroy or ru
25、in each other退而说不那么伟大的事情，想想两个人，A先生B先生，他们相互憎恨并通过相互憎恨而相互摧毁。,(P4) If you can do this, you will have instilled some fragments of wisdom.instill: (vt.) gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude, especially a desirable one) in a persons mind Tr: 把自信逐渐灌输给学生也是一个老师应尽的责任。 It is part of a teachers jo
26、b to instill self-confidence into his/her students.,逐渐灌输,(P5) I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.Paraphrase:I think the essence of wisdom is to get ones horizon free from the confinement/limit of time and space.,emancipation = free
27、ing; liberation freedom from political, moral, intellectual or social restraintswomens / female emancipationblack emancipationthe emancipation of mankindThe Emancipation Proclamation,(P5) We cannot help the egoism of our senses. Sight and sound and touch are bound up with our own bodies and cannot b
28、e impersonal.我们无法遏制感觉的自我性。视力、声音和触都捆绑在我们自己的身体上，不可能不被私人化。be bound up with: be connected with; be dependent on Tr: 一个人心情的好坏与他的健康密切相关。 Ones mood is closely bound up with his health.,impersonal: (adj) being objective 完全客观的；不带个人感情色彩的 Tr: 这两个词均用于客观的及公事的场合。 Both words are used in impersonal and official sit
29、uations.personal 个人的；亲自的；个性化的personal needs/opinion 个人需求、意见personal experience 亲身经历a personal letter from the presidents secretary一封来自总统秘书的亲笔信personnel 人事部门；全体人员 technical personnel 技术人员 personnel training 人员培训 personnel management 人事管理 qualified personnel 人才；合格人员,(P5) No one can view the world with
30、 complete impartiality.impartiality: (n.) fairness, justice, objectivity, open-mindedness Eg: Certain ministers are pressing for new rules on broad-casting impartiality.impartial = fair/just/unbiased/unprejudiced partial = unfair/unjust,公正；不偏不倚,(P5) But it is possible to make a continual approach to
31、wards impartiality, on the one hand, by knowing things somewhat remote in time or space, and on the other hand, by giving to such things their due weight in our feelings. Paraphrase:It is possible to become increasingly impartial by gaining knowledge about history and the future, and about other parts of the world, and by showing proper respect and interest to different things.,
