1、Culture of Chinese Ethnic Minorities,2019/6/7,Contents,1. Brief Introduction 2. Distribution 3. The Han Nationality 4. Representatives of ethic groupsManchu, Dai ,Miao, Korean, Hui, Mongolian,2019/6/7,What determines an ethnic group?,1. Distinct language 53 ethnic groups use spoken languages of thei
2、r own, and 23 ethnic groups have their own written languages. 2. A Recognized Indigenous Homeland 3. Distinctive Customs Ranging from dress, marriage rituals, cuisine, religion, and so forth. 4. A Strong Sense of Identity,1. Brief Introduction,China A Nation of Many Ethnic Groups,China serves as hom
3、e to 56 official ethnic groups. Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive and different character. The largest group, the Han, make up over 92% of Chinas vast population, and it is the elements of Han civilization that world considers “Chinese culture.“ Yet, the 55 ethnic minorities, nest
4、led away on Chinas vast frontiers, maintain their own rich traditions and customs, and all are part of Chinese culture.,China A Nation of Many Ethnic Groups,All the rest combine to make up just 8.41%.Of these minority groups, the largest is the Zhuang, with more than 15 million people; next come the
5、 Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur(维吾尔族),Yi, and Tujia peoples ,each has a population of over five million.,2019/6/7,Chinese ethnic group distribution list,2. Distribution,2. Distribution,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,3. The Han Nationality,The Han Chinese are an ethnic group
6、 native to East Asia. They constitute approximately 92% of the population of China, 98% of the population of Taiwan, 74% of the population of Singapore, 24.5% of the population of Malaysia, and about 20% of the entire global human population, making them the largest ethnic group in the world.,2019/6
7、/7,Language,Han Chinese speak various forms of the Chinese language that are descended from a common early language; one of the names of the language group is Hanyu. Similarly, Chinese characters, used to write the language, are called Hanzi, or “Han characters“. In the late imperial period, more th
8、an two thirds of the Han Chinese population used a variant of Mandarin Chinese as their native tongue. However, there was a larger variety of Chinese dialects in certain areas of southeast China, like Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Guangxi. Since the Qin dynasty which standardized the various forms of wri
9、ting that existed in China, a standard literary Chinese emerged with vocabulary and grammar that was significantly different from the various forms of spoken Chinese.,2019/6/7,Dress-Hanfu,Today, Han Chinese usually wear Western-style clothing. Few wear traditional Hanfu on a regular basis. It is, ho
10、wever, preserved in religious and ceremonial costumes. Now, the most popular traditional Chinese clothing worn by many women on important occasions such as wedding banquets and New Year is called the qipao. However, this attire comes not from the Han Chinese but from a modified dress-code of the Man
11、chus, the ethnic group that ruled China between the 17th (1644) and the early 20th century (1911).,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,Zhou Dynasty,2019/6/7,Qin Dynasty,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,Representatives of ethic groups,We take 6 ethnic minorities as examples to introduce Chinese ethnic culture:Manchu, Dai, Miao, Kore
12、an, Hui, Mongolian,2019/6/7,Manchu,2019/6/7,Population and Distribution,Today, the Man ethnic minority has a population of over 10 million. They live mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning Provinces of north China although the Man minority can be found in most of Chinas largest cities as well.,2
13、019/6/7,Manchu Language,In the 16th century, the written language of the Man people was created from characters based on the Mongolian language, with dots following the distinctive characters. The Man language is part of the Tungus-Manchu group, a branch of Altaic phylum.,“Manchu” in Man language(ma
14、nju),2019/6/7,Manchu Belief,The ancient Man people believed in Shamanism Later, with the influence of Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism, their beliefs took on a pluralistic quality.,2019/6/7,Manchu Clothing,2019/6/7,Manchu Food,The Man people have a distinctive cuisine with typical dishes that inclu
15、de blood sausage, and bobo, a type of steamed cake. In Man culture, eating the meat of dog or any product derived from dog is shunned.,2019/6/7,Sha qi ma,bobo,blood sausage,Manchu Food,2019/6/7,Manhan Feast,Manchu Food,2019/6/7,The Dai ethnic minority,2019/6/7,The Dai nationality has a population of
16、 1,620,000 people with 1,014,000 of them mainly living in the district of Dehong Prefecture(专区) and Xishuangbanna.,2019/6/7,FOOD,Dai people like sticky food. They prefer savory, spicy and acid food. The methods of cooking are roasting , steaming, chopping and pickling.,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,Clo
17、thing,2019/6/7,The taboos of Dai nationality,Taboo outsiders riding horses,goading cows,carrying a load,having disheveled hair into the stockade . You should take shoes off at the door when you enter into a bamoo house. Walk lightly in the room. Don not sit above the fireplace, or across the firepla
18、ce. Keep yourself out of the inner room of the host. Don not sit on the threshold.,2019/6/7,Marriage customs,Twist the new couple with a long white line.,2019/6/7,Dai ethnic architecture,The bamboo houses,2019/6/7,2019/6/7,The bamboo houses,The bamboo houses, which have a long history, use bamboo, w
19、ood, thatched for building materials. It is divided into two layers with the upstairs living people and the downstairs raising livestocks and piling up sundries.,2019/6/7,The Miao Nationality,With a population of 8,940,116, the Miao people form one of the largest ethnic minorities in southwest China
20、. They are mainly distributed across Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan and Sichuan provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a small number live on Hainan Island, in Guangdong Province and in southwest Hubei Province. Most of them live in tightly-knit communities, with a few living in areas inhabited
21、 by several other ethnic groups.,2019/6/7,On the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and in some remote mountainous areas, Miao villages are comprised of a few families, and are scattered on mountain slopes and plains with easy access to transport links.,2019/6/7,Miaos clothesThe clothing varys from place to pla
22、ce.This style is prevalent in xiangxi.,2019/6/7,This style is prevalent in chuan,qian, dian.,Qiandongstyle,2019/6/7,A traditional miao yard animals are kept here,2019/6/7,Houses on slopes,2019/6/7,Dragon Boat festival(龙船节),2019/6/7,Flower Mountain festival (May 5)(花山节),2019/6/7,Special food of Miao,
23、Roasted chicken giblets in bamboo.Bloated meatSpecial sour soup with vegetables,Korean ethnic minority,The Korean ethnic minority in China has a population of 1,923,842 (as of 2000), mainly living in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecturein Jilin Province. Some are widely distributed over Jilin, H
24、eilongjiang, Liaoning provinces and the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.,Clothing,Korean clothing has distinctive national features which are Plain and neat, quietly elegant, lightsome. Costume structure and modeling : the most distinct characteristics are XieJin, without buttons, knotting with lo
25、ng cloth belt,2019/6/7,Diet,The Korean people mostly have rice and millet as their staple food. They like to eat cooked rice, rice cake and cool noodles. They eat dog meat, pork, sour and hot dishes, pickles and salted vegetables, but do not eat mutton, fat pork or prickly ash.,2019/6/7,cool noodle,
26、bibimbap,sticky rice cakes .,staple diet,2019/6/7,The Hui Ethnic Minority,With a population of 9,820,000 in 2000, the Hui ethnic group is one of Chinas largest ethnic minorities. They are also the most widespread, living in every city, province, and region of China, as well as in 2,308 of Chinas 2,3
27、72 counties. They do not have a language of their own. Chinese is the common language of the Hui ethnic group. They gradually speak Chinese only, while maintaining certain Arabic and Persian phrases in daily communication or religious activities.,2019/6/7,Men were accustomed to wearing white or blac
28、k brimless hats, specially during religious activities, while women were seen with black, white or green scarves on their heads. And men often wear white shirts, white socks and white slacks.All of Hui like to wear vests. Specially men like to put one black vest on the white shirt. That will give ot
29、hers an impression of clean . And women like vests with beautiful patterns.,Dress,2019/6/7,wearing one black vest on the white shirt,wearing one vest on the robes,the wedding dress,Dress,2019/6/7,In order to prevent sand , women always wear scarves.,2019/6/7,The Huis never eat pork nor the blood of
30、any animal or creature that died of itself, and they refuse to take alcohol. And they never eat donkeys , horses, mules and other non-ruminant. Because the Huis dont think that they are clean.,Diet,2019/6/7,Here are what they eat .,Niangpi (酿皮),2019/6/7,Ramen(拉面),Steamed mutton bubble (羊肉泡馍),2019/6/
31、7,all-sheep dishes,2019/6/7,Mongolian Ethnic Minority,Brief Introduction,Mongol means “eternal flame” in Mongolian. The Mongolian live mostly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Mongolians have been known as “a people of music and poetry“. They are good at singing and are sonorous, bold, pa
32、ssionate and unconstrained, reflecting of the true temperament of the Mongolian people.,Religious beliefs,Mongolians believed in Shamanism in ancient times. The red sect of Lamaism began to find its followers among the Mongolian rulers in the 13th century. In the 16th century, many feudal lords as w
33、ell as herdsmen shifted to the yellow sect.,2019/6/7,Shamanism,Lamaism,Dress,Food,In pastoral areas, beef、mutton and dairy products are the staple food. In the farming areas, people like to eat grain. Tea is indispensable. Dried cow dung is a common cooking fuel.,Live-The Mongolian yurt,Traditional yurts consist of a circular wooden frame carrying a felt cover. A yurt is designed to be dismantled and the parts is carried on camels or yaks to be rebuilt on another site,