1、过去完成时,过去完成时的构成: 助动词 had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词,When I got to school, the bell had rung.,2. 过去完成时的用法: 主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就是过去的过去. 3.肯定句： 主语+had +动词的过去分词 否定句：主语+had not +v.过去分词 疑问句：had +主语+ v.过去分词 Mary had seen that film before. Mary hadnt seen that film before . Had Mary seen that film before
2、?Yes ,she had .,6:00 7:00 现在,By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.,By the time Toms mother came back home, he had cleaned up the yard.,morning,afternoon,Last Sunday,3. 常用的几种方式: (1)用介词by, before 等构成的时间短语.(2)用连词when, before, after或者短语by the time 引导的时间状语从句. 主句（过去完成+when/si
3、nce+从句（一般过去时),We had learnt 20 English songs by the endof last month.,The plane had taken off when I reached the airport. By the time I got up , my brother had left home. (3)由for ,since 引导的表示一段时间的短语和从句。 He had worked in the factory for five years since he moved here. My uncle said he had lived in th
4、at small townfor years .,对比：现在完成时，过去完成时,现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done,用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Father told me that he _ (write) a new book. 2. Mother _ (have) breakfast before seven oclock that morning. 3. By the end of last week, we _(learn) 50 English songs. 4. The teacher said he _
5、never _(make) such a foolish mistake before.,had written,had had,had learned,had,made,5. Mr Smith _(teach) Japanese at this school since 1999. 6. Li Hong _ (search) the Internet for two hours before she found what she wanted. 7.I _him when I was a student. (know) 8.When we _(arrive) at the station,
6、they _ (wait) for more than twenty minutes. 9.I thought I _the man before.(meet) 10.I _the problem when class was over. (not understand),had searched,had taught,had known,arrived,had waited,had met,hadnt understood,1.我到家时她已经去睡了。 By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 2.他走以后我找到了那封信。 I f
7、ound the letter after he had gone away. 3.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。 We reached the cinema late. The film had already begun. 4.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。We found that somebody had broken our window. 5.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。 I soon realized that I had made a serious mistake.,6.我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。 I didnt go because I had alre
8、ady seen the film.7.他说他已经买了一本书。 He said that he had bought a book already . 8.他打电话的时候,我已经写完作业了。 When he called, I had finished my homework.,过去完成时,Look at the following sentences: He says that he went there by train. He said yesterday that he had gone there by train.,过去的过去,Look at the following sente
9、nces: 2. I tell him that I have read the book. I told him last week that I had read the book.,过去的过去,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。,过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense,过去完成时构成： had done 助动词 had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词 缩写形式：d I had = Id He had = Hed 否定形式：had not = hadnt,二. 概念和用法： 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间
10、或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，常用于以下几种情况： (1) 用在由when, before, after, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中。如果主句和从句的谓语动词都表示过去的动作时，动作在先的动词用过去完成时。,用法：,过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。,例如：1. 当她到家时，她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home, her children _(fall) asleep.,had fallen,2. 在他们到达之前
11、电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived, the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,用法：,当由after,before, as soon as引导的从句所表示的动作与主句的动作前后紧接时，由于连词本身已经说明了该动作发生的先后关系，因此这两个动作都可用一般过去时。,4. 在我吃完早餐后，我就去上学了。,After I _ ( have ) breakfast, I went to school.,had had,Last night, as soon as I _ (finish) my homework ，I went to sl
12、eep.,3. 昨晚我一完成作业就去睡觉了。,had finished,(2) 过去完成时用在由介词by引导的短语中。by (prep.) “在之前，到为止” by the time + 从句 “到时候，到之前” 主句 (过去完成时) + by the time +一般过去时的句子 e.g. By the time I got up, my brother hadalready gotten / got in the shower. 当我起床时，我哥哥已经在淋浴了。get in the shower 进去淋浴,By the time she got to the classroom, the
13、teacher had already started teaching. 她到教室时，老师已经开始上课了。 By the time he was eleven, he had already built / set up a lab of his own. 等到他十一岁的时候，他已经建了一个属于他 自己的实验室。, by the end of 在底/结束/末之前过去完成时 + by the end of + 过去的时间How many English words had you learnedby the end of last term?在上学期末之前你们学了多少个英语单词？ 过去完成时
14、+ by + 过去的时间 He had finished reading the book by 9 oclockthis morning, hadnt he?他在今天早上9点前看完了那本书，不是吗？ by then 到那时候，到那时为止,(3) 用于宾语从句中( 宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，如果从句的动作先于主句动作时，从句用过去完成时) e.g. He told me that he had seen the film twice.他告诉我这部电影他已经看过两遍了。,(4) 用于before引导的短语中They had planted six hundred treesbefore las
15、t Wednesday. (5) 通过上下文提示,2. 过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与表示时间段的短语连用。 我在那个农场工作五年了。 I have worked on the farm for five years. 比较： I had worked on the farm for five years before I came here in 2000. 在我2000年来这儿之前，我在那个农场工作五 年了。,I saw Li Ping yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since 1980. 我昨天看到了
16、李平。我们自从1980年就彼此没 见过面。 Note: 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去 的过去。只有在和过去某时或某个动作相比较时 才可以用该时态。,By the time I got up, my brotheralready in the shower.2.By the time I got outside ,the busalready .3.When I got to school, I realizedI my backpack at home.,gotten,had,had,had,left,left,1b Listen then fill in the blanks wit
17、h the help of the pictures.,Thanks !,Unit 10 1.by the time “到。时为止” （+一般过去时的从句， 主句用过去完成时） 1.By the time you called me ,I had left the company. 2.already“已经”（肯定句/陈述句） （否定句，疑问句用yet） 2.Have they got there yet ? 3.realize (vt.)“意识，实现”+n./代/从句 3.I realized that I had made a serious mistake. 4.leave“遗忘,离开”
18、 （ -left-left） 4.By the time we arrived ,the train had already left.leave sth.+地点状语 5.I left my homework at home this morning . 对比：forget to do sth./doing sth.,5.oversleep (v.)睡过头 （-overslept-overslept) 6.I overslept and missed the school bus . 6.close(adv.)接近地 7.I ve never been late for school ,but
19、 yesterday I came very close . (adj.)be close to=be near to “ 离.近” 反义：be far from my close friend (adj.) 我的亲密朋友 对比：(v.)open-close 开/关(adj.) open -closed 开着的/关着的 go off 发出响声 8.The alarm clock went off and woke me up . 拓展：“变质”“（水电）断掉” 9.The light went off . go away 离开 go back 回去go through 浏览,8.rush(v.
20、)冲，奔 10.The students rushed downstairs after school. 11.They rushed to see the traffic accident. 9.wait for sb. to do sth.等某人做某事 12.The boy is waiting for the doctor to look him over wait to do sth. 等待做某事 cant wait to do sth .迫不及待地做某事 10.run off 跑开 run off to the bus stop 跑到公车站 13.The child ran off
21、as soon as he saw his parents . 14.He took a quick shower, had some breakfast and then ran off to the bus stop. .,短语：run away 逃跑 run afer 追赶 run out of 用光 11.on time 准时，按时 (与规定的时间相同）in time 及时（在时限到来之前） 15.Please hand in your homework on time . 16.The police got there in time and savedthe child. e by
22、 “从旁而过” 类似：pass /walk /drive by 17.He was waiting for the bus when I came by. 13.luck(n.)幸运 （adj.) lucky 幸运的(adv.)luckily 幸运地 14.give sb. a ride =give a ride to sb. 给某人搭便车,give sb. a ride to the library 给某人搭个便车(去图书馆) 18.He gave me a ride on his bike. 对比：take me home 载我回家 pick me up 接我 15.start doing
23、 sth. =start to do sth. 开始做某事 三种情况只能用start to do sth. (1)主语是物不是人。（2）用于进行时 （3）后+think/realize /understand等心理状态的词 19.I start to think about the problem. 16.make it 赶到，做到 20.I我恰恰准时到达我班 I only make it to my class . make it + 时间 “把时间定在” 21.Shall we make it half past eight?,17.only just 刚好，恰好 22.They have
24、 only just watered these trees. 18.lock(v.)锁 （n.)锁 the key to the lock 23.Remember to lock the door when you leave the room. 19. break (v.) - broke - broken（使）破，弄坏， break down “(机器）停止运转” 24.The teacher has found out who broke the window. 25.On the way to school, the bus broke down.(动作) 26.The bus is
25、 broken. （状态）,Section B 1. empty (adj.) 空的 反义：full 一空杯子 / 公共汽车 an empty cup / bus(v.) 排空，倒出 (-emptied empties- emptying) 1.The policeman asked the thief to empty hispocket. 2.exhausted(adj.)极其疲惫的（修饰人） exhausting(adj.)令人疲惫的（修饰物） 2.We were exhausted after we reached the top. 3.What an exhausting trip!
26、,3. embarrassing (adj.) 令人为难的 (修饰事物) 一个令人困窘的问题/错误 an embarrassing question/ mistake embarrassed (adj.) 感到尴尬的 (修饰人) be embarrassed about “对。感到尴尬” 4.Hes never felt so embarrassed in his life. 4.show up 出席，露面 5.Only three of the people we invited didnt show up. 拓展：show sb.around带领某人参观 5.on April Fools
27、Day 在愚人节那天,6.sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 7.fool(v.) 愚弄 （-fooled fooled) (cn.) 傻子，白痴 (adj.) foolish 愚蠢的，笨的 6.He is a fool / a foolish man. 8. announce (v.) 宣布，公开+n./代/宾从 7.They havent announced their plan yet . 拓展：announcement(n.)宣布 9.Mars (n.)火星 on Mars 在火星上 10.get dressed “穿衣服” 8.He woke up at sev
28、en and quickly got dressed. （1.）dress sb. （2.）dress sb. in +衣服颜色 （3.）dress up 盛装打扮,11.thrill (vt.)使（某人）感到兴奋或激动 thrilled (adj.) = excited（修饰人） thrilling (adj.) = exciting（修饰物） 9.We were thrilled to hear the thrilling news. land (vi.) “着陆，登陆”(n.)陆地 land on the earth 着陆在地球上 10.The plane landed safely.
29、13. sell out 卖完，售光 (-sold sold) sell them out 11. All of the grapes have been sold out.,14. so + adj. / adv. 原级 + that.adj. + a / an + n. 单数many / few + n.复数much / little + 不可数n.“如此以致”such + n. + thata/ an + adj. + n.单数adj. + n.复数 / 不可数n.“如此以致” 12.He made_many mistakes that he failed the exam.,so,Iv
30、e got _ many falls that Im black and blue all over. 我跌了好多跤，浑身青一块紫一块的。 It was _ interesting a book that I read it again. 17.He is _ a little boy that I cant believe him. They are _ good teachers that we alllove them. She is _ kind a teacher that all her Students love her.,so,so,such,such,so,15.set of
31、f 激起 18.Panic set off across the whole country. 恐慌在整个国家内激起。 16.across the whole country 全国 17. flee (vi.) 逃离（动作） （ fled fled）flee from their homes 逃离了他们的家园flee from Japan to America 从日本逃亡到美国 对比：escape逃离成功 18. a convincing man 一个令人信服的人 19.reveal(v.)揭露 20.hoax(cn.)骗局 21.have a happy ending 有一个美满的结局,22
32、. marry (v.) (-married-married) 结婚，娶，嫁 A marry B= A and B are married A 和 B 结婚 19.The girl married Tom .=The girl and Tom were married. get married (adj.) 结婚 be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚 marry / get married (to)（短暂性v.） be married (to) （持续性v.） 20.Jim and Lucy have been married for 2 years.= Jim has be
33、en married to Lucy for 2 years. ask sb. to marry sb. 向某人求婚,23.visit ones friends and relatives 走亲访友 24.take a shower / bath 洗澡，淋浴25.wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事 26.a piece of 一张/片/块two / many pieces of a piece of bread / paper / news / advice面包 / 纸 / 消息 / 建议 27.把这个男孩叫醒 wake the boy up = wake up the boywake him up 把他叫醒 28.say hello to向。问候 29.play a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑,16.,16.,16.,
