1、Section Grammar & Writing,情态动词() 1can/could (1)表示能力，常译为“能，会”。 I can speak Japanese，but I cant write it. 我会说日语，但是不会写。,(2)表示允许，常译为“可以”；could还可以表示更加委婉地请求或许可。 Can/Could you lend me a hand？你能帮我一下吗？ Of course.当然可以了。 You can smoke in this room.你可以在这间屋子里吸烟。,(3)表示猜测，用来表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度，常用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。could表示猜测
2、的可能性比can小。 I believe that he cant be so rude.我相信他不会如此粗鲁。 He is an honest man；he couldnt be telling lies. 他是个诚实的人，他不可能撒谎。,(4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时可能会”。 Accidents can happen at any time.事故随时会发生。 It can be very cold here at night. 这里的夜晚有时会很冷。,辨析：can (could)/be able to (1)can只有现在时和过去时could，而be a
3、ble to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。 (2)can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。 This time I failed in the exam，but Ill be able to pass the exam next time.这次我考试不及格，但下次我能考试及格。(经过努力),2may/might (1)表示许可或征询对方许可，常译成“可以”。表示征询许可时，may可与can/could换用，might比may的语气更
4、委婉一些，对其一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，否定回答时要用mustnt或cant，mustnt表示“不可以”“禁止”之意。,(2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 May you succeed！祝你成功！ May God bless you！愿上帝保佑你！ (3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小。 He may be very busy now.他现在可能很忙。 Why hasnt he come？他为什么还没来？ He may have missed the train.他可能没赶上火车吧。,3will/would (1)表示
5、请求、建议，用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you call back later，please? 请过一会儿再打过来好吗？ Would you like a cup of coffee？你想来杯咖啡吗？,(2)表示意志、愿望和决心，有“愿；要”之意，would表示过去的意愿和决心。 I will never do that again.我再也不会做那件事了。 (3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向。 Fish will die without water.鱼离开水就会死。 On Sunday he would go to the
6、 park to play chess. 以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。,(4)用于否定句，表示“不肯，不乐意”。 No matter what I said，he wouldnt listen to me. 无论我说什么，他就是不肯听我的。,4shall/should (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 What shall we do this evening？我们今晚干什么呢？ When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 他什么时间能离开医院？,(2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人
7、给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work hard. 如果你不努力学习你会考试不及格。(警告) You shall not leave your post. 你不得离开岗位。(命令) He shall have the book when I finish reading it. 当我读完这本书时他可以拿走。(允许) He shall be punished.他将受到惩罚。(威胁),(3) should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。 You should go to c
8、lass right away. 你应该立刻去教室。 (4)should还可以表示按常理的推测，“可能，按道理应该”。 They should be there by now，I think. 我想，他们该到那儿了。,5must/cant (1)must表示“必须；必要”；用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise today? 我们必须今天上交练习吗？ Yes，you must.是的，你们必须。 No，you neednt/dont have to.不，你们不必。 You must pr
9、actise your spoken English if you want to improve. 你要想提高英语水平，就必须加强口语练习。,(2)must表“推测”“一定，准是”，只能用在肯定句中。 You must be very tired after such a long walk. 走了这么长的路你一定很累了。 (3)must有“干嘛偏要，偏偏”的意思。 Im sleeping now.Must you make so much noise? 我在睡觉，你干嘛偏要弄出这么大的声音？,(4)must和cant：must表推测，只用于肯定句中，在否定句、疑问句中要用can(t)代替。
10、而mustnt用来表“不准，禁止”。 It cant be her.Im sure she doesnt wear glasses. 那不可能是她。我确信她不戴眼镜的。 He must be an American，for his English is pretty good. 他一定是个美国人，因为他的英语说得棒极了。 You mustnt smoke in public places. 不准你在公共场所吸烟。,(2011江西卷)It_be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock. Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt,解析：
11、 考查情态动词。句意为：在门口的肯定不是邮递员，现在才六点钟。A项表示禁止、命令，“千万不要，一定不能”之意，不表示猜测；B项表猜测意为“肯定不是”；C项表示将不会，多用于一般将来时；D项表示不必，没有猜测之意。 答案： B,(2011陕西卷)Will you read me a story，Mummy? OK.You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall,解析： 考查情态动词。“妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？”“好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。” shall用于陈述句中的第二、第三
12、人称，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，意为”必须，应，可”。 答案： D,(2011北京卷)I dont really like James.Why did you invite him? Dont worry.He_come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. Amust not Bneed not Cwould not Dmight not,解析： 句意为：我真的不喜欢James。为什么你邀请他？别担心，他可能来不了。他说他还不能确定他的计划是什么。本题考查情态动词。must not表示禁止；need not表示不必；wo
13、uld not表示不会；might not表示可能不。根据题意答案为D项。 答案： D,.用所给的情态动词填空 can(t)；could；may；might；will；would；shall；should；must(nt) 1He_be working in his office at present，for the light is on. 答案： must,2There is no light onthey_be at home. 答案： cant 3Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes，of course you_. 答案： can,4_you plea
14、se tell me your new address? 答案： Will/Would/Could 5The boy is lovely，but he_be naughty and boring sometimes. 答案： can 6_he be from the south? Yes，judging from his accent，he_be from the south. 答案： Can；must,7_I speak English in English class? No，you neednt.You_speak Chinese，too. 答案： Must；can 8With my h
15、elp he_speak French fluently now，but he_not when he came here last year. 答案： can；could,9May I take the book home? No，you_. 答案： cant/mustnt 10If you dont do as you are told，you_be sorry one day. 答案： shall/will,11No matter how I advised him to give up smoking，he_not listen to me. 答案： would 12Where did
16、 he stay last night? Im not sure，but he_have stayed at his friends. 答案： may/might,.单项填空 1The film is on this week，isnt it? It_be.I will surf the Internet and find out. Amight Bneed Ccan Dmust,2Is John coming by train? He should，but he_not.He likes driving his car. Amust Bcan Cneed Dmay,3Isnt that yo
17、ur teacher over there? No，it_be him.Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. Acant Bmust not Cwont Dmay not,4Johnny，you_play with the knife.You_hurt yourself. Awont；cant Bmustnt；may Cshouldnt；must Dcant；shouldnt,5When we were young，every evening my brother and I_stay at home waiting for our mother. Awould Bm
18、ight Cshould Dcould,6(2011年厦门高一检测)Daddy，can you buy me a new MP3 when you go to Beijing? You_get one if you are admitted to a key middle school. Acould Bshall Cmay Dcan,7May I leave the office before 5 oclock in the afternoon? No，Im afraid you_. Aneednt Bmustnt Ccant Dwont,8The traffic light was red
19、，so I_stop my car，although I was in a hurry. Amust Bmustnt Ccould Dhad to,9_I use the dictionary to look up new words in the exam? Im afraid not. AWould BShould CMay DWill,10We_usually see an airplane on a foggy day.You_have been dreaming. Acant；must Bmustnt；must Ccant；can Dmustnt；can,11Shall I go a
20、nd buy more food and drinks for the party? No，we have prepared a fridge of those.That_be quite enough. Acan Bmay Cmight Dshould,12(2011福州高一检测)Someone is knocking at the door.It_be Tom. No，it_be him；he has gone to Sydney. Amust；cant Bmight；mustnt Cmay；neednt Dcan；mustnt,13You_learn Chinese if you wan
21、t to work in our company；its a must here. Ashould Bcan Cwould Dmay,14I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I_report it to the police? Ashould Bmay Cwill Dcan,15Tom，you_leave all your clothes on the floor like this next time. Awouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not,如何写好记叙文 一、技术指导 记叙文是以记叙和描写为主
22、的一种体裁，故事性是记叙文的一个重要特点。 故事性记叙文是以叙事为主要方式、以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。在写作时，要把握好记叙文的六个要素，即五个W和一个H，时间(when)，地点(where)，人物(who)，事件(what)，原因(why)和过程(how)。,1结构：常见的故事性记叙文的结构常分为三段： 第一段：交代事情发生的时间、地点、人物等要素。 第二段：进一步叙述发生了什么事以及如何发生的，在必要时可加入冲突，以达到故事高潮。 第三段：结尾要尽量自然，做到水到渠成，可适当谈一下自己的感想，发表自己的看法，以达到升华文章主题的目的，但不宜过多。,2人称：通常用第一
23、人称和第三人称。 3时态：在故事写作中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加生动形象。,4常用句式： 开头常用句式： (1)One day，on the way to. (2) Last Sunday，my mother and I were doing.when we saw/heard. (3)About.oclock one evening in，my.was doing. (4)Long long ago/Once upon a time，there was/were.,中间常用句式： (1)Without delay/hesitation，I/we di
24、aled 120/119/122.It wasnt long before an ambulance/.arrived. (2)We tried our best to help.，hut. (3) We make every effort to help.After a while，many people came to help us.At last，sb.was saved/we succeeded.,结尾常用句式： (1)Although we were very tired，we felt very happy. (2)Every time I thought of it，I was
25、 full of energy. (3)In my opinion/view，we should.,二、典题示例 请根据下列要求，以My First Stay at Home为题，写一篇100词左右的文章。 内容要点： 1父母出差，自己一个人在家； 2自己照顾自己； 3难忘有意义的经历。,要点提示： 1memorable experience 2on business 3take care of oneself,三、范文点评 My First Stay at Home My first stay at home alone was a memorable experience. When I
26、was twelve，once both of my mother and father were away on business，and I had been all by myself for two days.My parents left early the first day，and I got up soon after they left.In the first evening I was a little scared，so I turned on all the lights.,I actually kept the light on in my bedroom the
27、whole night.For fear of getting up late the next morning，I put three alarm clocks near my bed and set the alarms respectively at 600，610，and 615.In order to prove that I could take care of myself，I washed my own clothes the second afternoon, though I could wait for mother to do it. I really felt pro
28、ud of myself and thought I was a big girl.,1.本文描述的是自己过去的经历，正确使用了一般过去时态，并按照时间以及事件的发展顺序来写。 2文章分为三段，首尾呼应，层次分明，结构合理。 3文章注重短语的使用。例如：on business，all by myself，keep the light on，take care of，feel proud of等。,4文章使用了for fear of，in order to以及though等词语，使上下文结构紧凑。层次分明，行文流畅。 总之，本文符合记叙文体的写作要求，正确使用了人称、时态及写作方法，布局合理；短语及关联词语的使用也给文章增色不少。所以，本文不失为一篇好的习作。,
