1、Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语,& indirect speech,Michael Phelps,“I have a long body and long arms, a gift and love for swimming.”,Phelps said he had a long body and long arms, and a gift and love for swimming.,“I receive a 5-hour training every day.”,Phelps said he received a 5-hour training every day.,“On
2、e of my favorite things is to compete with the best swimmers in the world.”,Phelps said one of his favorite things was to compete with the best swimmers in the world.,“I have many goals, and all of them are high.”,Phelps said he had many goals, and all of them were high.,“I will always try my best t
3、o be Phelps No.1.”,Phelps said he would always try his best to be Phelps No.1.,Secrets of Phelps success,gift interest determination courage hard work ambition ,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在引号内, 这叫直接引语(Direct speech); 一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).,直接引语变为间接引语四要素：,一）引导词 二）语序 三）时态 四）人称,引导词,
4、1陈述句 (句号) -that(可省略)2一般疑问句 (问号) - if/whether(or not)3特殊疑问句(问号)-特殊疑问词(what/how等开头)4祈使句/请求-ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.
5、,动词不定式构成的复合宾语（ told / asked sb. to do ） Mr. Green told / asked his son to open the door.,二）语序：要把疑问语序变为陈述语序，如,How old are you? The teacher asked me_What are you reading? My father asked me_,how old I was.,what I was reading.,三 ）：时态,从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the la
6、w.,当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化:,一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时,一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时,“I know it,” he said.,He said that he knew it.,“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,She said she was making coffee for us all.,“I have seen her before,” said he.,He said he had seen her before.,“I
7、 saw her last Monday,” he said.,He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,He said they would start the next day.,直接引语变见解引语时, 时态要发生变化:,一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时,一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时,如果直接引语阐述的是客观事实或普遍真理,变为间接引语时, 时态不变:,The teacher said to the students
8、, “Water freezes（结冰） when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,历史事件：The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等：She said to me:
9、 “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。,that/this those/these then before that day/today/yesterday (the) next day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before come/go bring/take there/here,完成下列句子，将直接引语转 换为间接引语(每空一词)。 1.“It is really
10、 cold, but it is so nice to be out on the lake,” she said to me.She _ me that it _ really cold, but it _ so nice to be out on the lake.,told,was,was,2. “Did you ask your boss for a pay increase?” she asked the man.She asked the man _ he _ _ _ boss for a pay increase.,if,had,asked,his,3. The teacher
11、asked the girl, “Why are you crying here?”The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _. 4. “When will the plane take off?” I wondered.I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _.,why she was,there,when the plane would take,off,5. “Have you seen our plane yourself?” he asked the boy.He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ plane _.,wheth
12、er he had,seen their himself,Bye bye,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Pet
13、er asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ wo
14、rried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black sai
15、d, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe nex
16、t day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.
17、A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnex
18、t time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I l
19、eft there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。 “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.2. “Is your father kind to you?” she oft
20、en asks me.,She often asks me whether / if my father is kind to me.,Tom said that he didnt want to go there with Alice.,3. Mother asked me what I was going to be when I grew up.4. “I have to study hard to make progress,” the girl said to her friend.,“What are you going to be when you grow up?” Mother asked me.,The girl told her friend that she had to study hard to make progress.,5. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked.,Mr. Smith asked me when I would go back to work.,
