1、Adjectives,形容词,形容词( adj. ) 一. 概念：,二.形容词的功能.,1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的n 前面。,adj是用来修饰、描述名词或代词的词,主要用作定语,表语和补足语等.,Its a cold and windy day.,adj 修饰something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, everybody, anyone, nobody等复合不定代词时，须置其后。,1) It is said that somebody important will come to our shool tomorrow.,1)Wou
2、ld you like something hot to drink？ 2)There is nothing important in todays newspaper.,2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。,be, seem, become ( a scientist, a doctor ),1)The old man looks well. 2)The music sounds beautiful. 3).I get used to taking a walk after supper every,look, sound, smell, taste, feel,fall (ill, asleep
3、),keep (quiet, alive, fit, healthy),turn(+ yellow, white), go ( +wrong, mad, crazy, blind) get (+colder and colder, ready, used, lost / injured /married ),1. be+ adj + for2. be+ adj + to,一些固定的形容词词组,1).be bad for 2). be suitable for 3).be famous for 4).be late for 5).be ready for 6).be responsible fo
4、r 7).be eager for sth /to do sth=long for sth=long to do,1).be important to 2).be useful to 3).be friendly to 4).be harmful /harmless to 5).be able to do 6).be thankful / grateful to 7).be helpful to 8).be available to 9).be patient to 10).be/get used to 11).be connected to 12).be familiar to 为.所熟悉
5、13).be kind to 14).be cruel / rude / polite to,3.be + adj+ in4、be+ adj+ at5.be+ adj+ about6.be+ adj+ with,1).be interested in 2).be successful in 3.be rich in 4).be strict in sth,1).be good at 2).be poor at 3).be surprised at 4).be amazed at,1).be worried about 2).be excited about 3).be anxious abou
6、t 4).be curious about 对.好奇 5) be certain about,1).be busy with 2).be satisfied with 3).be angry with sb 4).be strict with sb 5).be connected with 6).be careful with 7).be familiar with,3.作宾语补足语,1)Please keep your room clean and tidy.2)The bad news made me sad.,The +adj表示类别或整体 ,谓语动词用复数,1) The English
7、 have wonderful sense of humor.2)The rich are not always happier than the poor.3).The injured were sent to hospital immediately.,7.be+ adj+ of,1).be confident of 2).be fond of 3).be proud of 4).be afraid of 5).be aware of 6).be full of 7)be short of,1)be+ keen on 2)be dependent on,8.be+ adj+ on,三、形容
8、词的类别,2.简单形容词,四、形容词的性质:,1.复合形容词,English speaking single-eyed eightyear-old hard-working,说明事物的性质或特征,它有级的变化,可以 用程度adv修饰,在句中可作定语, 表语和补 语.例如: hot, healthy, angry.,五、几种特殊的形容词,cool shy beautiful wise free,1. 只能作表语,所以又称为表语adj.它们没有级的变化.,a)大多数以a-开头的adj都属于这一如:afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake b)表示身体状况
9、或心理状态的词：如：well, ill, faint, glad, sorry, sure等.,*若需要定语adj 时,须用其他意义相同的 adj来替代.如:,sick,sleeping,frightened,living,1).The boy was ill a _boy 2).The baby is asleep A _ baby 3).The little girl was afraid when she saw the snake.a _little girl 4). All the animals and plants nee water to keep alive.Water is
10、 necessary to all the _things.,2.只能作定语的adj,1)某些由n派生的adj, 如: wooden, woolen, elder, agricultural, central. five-year-old. 2)ly结尾表时间的adj:,3.兼作定语和表语,但意义不同的adj,1)get ready for sth; a ready answer; 2) for a certain reason; be certain about; 3)a complete edition of Lu Xuns works; When will the work be com
11、plete?,daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, little, only,(finished),=be sure of,tiring，be tired of ; boring, be bored with; amusing，amused; interesting，be interested in; amazing，amazed ; surprising, be surprised at;terrifying，terrified ; frightening, frightened ;shocking，shocked; astonishing，astonished;
12、puzzling，puzzled; confusing，confused; exciting，excited; delighting, delightedpleasing，pleased; satisfying, satisfied with; touching，touched; moving，moved; disappointing，disappointed; discouraging, discouraged;,4.貌似adv的adj：,lonely，friendly，lively，deadly，silly，orderly, timely, daily.,5.由vt 变来的现在分词和过去分
13、词表示心理、感情的adj “-ing”表示令人, “-ed ”表示“感到”,六、形容词的构成,1、简单形容词的构成,6.既可作adj, 又可作adv的词close, high, fast, early, hard, late, straight, enough,hardly几乎不, lately=recently最近 closely=carefully,1)He works much harder than you.,2)I got up late this morning, so I was late for school.,3)Walk along this road, go straig
14、ht ahead, and youll find the post office on your right.,4)We must get up early in order to get the early bus.,5) He is old enough to look after himself.,6)I dont have enough money to buy the dictionary,1. 一些名词加字尾后可以形成形容词。 1)n+ful: 2)n+less: 3)n+y: 4)n+ly: 5)n+ish: 6)n+ous: 7)n+ al:,useful helpful ca
15、reful beauty beautiful wonderful harmful thoughtful hopefulshameful successful *forgetful,useless hopeless harmless careless thoughtless hopeless, homeless,lucky rainy healthy thirsty foggy; sunny anger angry hunger hungry noise noisy,friendly lovely weekly brotherly day-daily,fool foolish self self
16、ish childish,fame famous danger dangerous nerve-nervous variety-various,personal formal national centre-central nature-natural educational traditional,8)n+ic/ical: 9) n+ ern,history historical hero heroic practice practical electron-electronicelectricityelectric / electrical base-basic physics-physi
17、cal chemistry chemical dramatic artist artistic,eastern western southern northern,2.一些动词可以加字缀可构成形容词。,different dependent please pleasant,active talkative create creative attractive,changeable agreeable comfortable eatable available believe believable value valuable response responsible sense-sensibl
18、e rely reliable= dependable,tiresome troublesome,1):v+ant/ent :2):v+ive/ative : 3):v+able/ible:4):v+some:,3. 复合形容词的构成,1). 数词 + 名词(单数)one-child two-hour three-good 100-pound 2). 数词 + 名词(单数) + 形容词three-year-old seven-foot-wide 800-meter-long six-meter-tall 3). 数词 + 名词 + -ed one-eyed two-faced four-foo
19、ted three-legged 4)形容词+名词full-time part-time second-hand mid-term first-class/ rate 5). 形容词 + 名词 + “-ed”bad-tempered cold-blooded warm-hearted blue-eyed middle-aged red-lipped,6. 形容词/副词+现在分词 good-looking ugly-looking easy-going tired-looking hard-working ever-lasting 7.形容词/副词+过去分词 so-called hard-won
20、 well-dressed well-behaved newly-built ready-made new-born 8. 形容（副）词 + 形容词: dark-blue light-green all-round red-hot 9. 名词 + 现在分词 English-speaking peace-loving man-eating world-shaking mouth-watering tree-planting 10. 名词 + 过去分词 hand-made heart-broken man-made 11. 名词 + 形容词 life-long world-famous snow-
21、white color-blind 12. 名词 + 介词 child-like,限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词）描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色）出处材料性质类别名词,七、多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序,two small round wooden tables,A tall white building,His dirty old black shirt,A famous American medical school,两张木制小圆桌一幢高大的白色建筑物他的那件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣一个非常著名的美国医学院,限定 感官 形状 年龄 颜色 国家 材料,县官行令杀国材,1.I
22、ts +adj.+of+sb.+to do 某人做某事很怎么样。2.Its+adj.+for+sb.+ to do做某事对某人来说怎么样,八、形容词常用句型,Its very kind of you to help me.=You are very kind to help me. Its very careless of her to leave her umbrella there.=She is very careless to leave her umbrella there. Its foolish of him to go alone.=He is foolish to go al
23、one.,此句型中的adj多为描述行为者性格、品质的词,如good, kind, nice, cruel, clever, foolish, silly, stupid; careful, careless, sensible, wise, forgetful, lazy, hardworking,此句型中的adj多为描述动词不等式to do性质的词important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible, convenient,1) 一般单音节
24、词未尾加-er,-est: tall-taller-tallest 2)以不发音的e结尾的单音词只加-r,-stnice-nicernicest wide wise close 3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单音节词,双写结尾的辅音 字母,再加-er, -est. slim-slimmerslimmest wet thin big fat 4)以辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er, -est busybusierbusiest lazy ,crazy, greedy, happy, lucky 5) 部分双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more, most important
25、-more important-most important careful 6) 不规则变化 good /well better- best bad /ill(有病的) worse -worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest much/manymoremost littlelessleast far -farther/further-farthest/furthest,九、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则,十.形容词比较级的用法：,1.形容词比较级+ than .可修饰比较级的词:much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, still,
26、even 等.,1) Henry is fatter but shorter than Bob.,2) She is far more careful than me. 3)He became even worse after taking the medicine.,*在比较从句中为了避免重复, 通常用that /those (定语在后), one /ones (定语在前)代替前面出现的n。that/those指物one/ones 既可指人，也可指物.that可代替可数n,单数和不可数n, one只能代替可数n。,4)The population in Beijing is bigger t
27、han that in Nanjing.5)The green apples are more expensive than the red ones.6)The clothes in this shop are cheaper than those in thatone.,2. 用比较级形式表达最高级含义,Lucy is the shorter one of the twin sisters.,1)He is cleverer than any other student in his class.2)Nobody else is better at Math than Nancy in h
28、er class.3)Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.,3.the +比较级the +比较级 越, 就越.,1)The sooner you get there, the better it will be. 2)The more excise you take, the healthier youll be。,5.比较级的重叠表示程度的加深,1)Sping is coming, its getting warmer and warmer. 2)The little girl is getting more and more beautifu
29、l.,4.the+比较级表示两者中比较的那一个,形容词最高级的用法：1.形容词最高级+ of all/in./among all2.形容词最高级+ 定语从句 that have/has ever +p.p.3.one of the最高级+名词复数4.序数词 second/ third +最高级,1)Sherley is the most hardworking student in our class. 2)She is the best at English of all the subjects.,1)This is the most interesting film that I hav
30、e ever seen. 2)Teddy is the bravest boy that I have ever met.,1)Dophins are one of the most intelligent animals in the world/among all the animals. 2)Peter is one of the cleverest students in our class.,1).The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 2)China is the third biggest country in
31、 the world.,形容词同级的用法: 1) as + 形容词+ as 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as.例如:Hes not so/as careful as you.=Hes less careful than you.My book is not as new as yoursMy book is older than yours2)当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +adj+ a/an +单数n as + many/much+n. Lily is as good an actress as Lisa. I can drink as much beer as you ca
32、n. 3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面. 如:This room is twice as big as that one. 4)(倍数+) as + adj. + as= (倍数+) the same +n + as.例如:,memorize many words,as tall as as hardworking as,1)This bridge is three times as long as that one.,=This bridge is three times the same length as that one.,2)Your room is twi
33、ce as large as mine.,=Your room is twice the same size as mine.,longlength widewidth heavyweight high/tall- height deep-depth old/ youngage big/large- size many/much -amount,3) The eight-year-old boy ate as much as an adult.,= The eight-year-old boy ate the same amount as an adult.,4) My mother is as old as yours.,= My mother is the same age as yours.,Homework,Do the exercises on the paper. Have a dictation of 3 rows of words,
