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类型专转本辅导-语法.ppt

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    专转本辅导-语法.ppt
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    1、专转本辅导,Grammar,词法,一、词汇突破1. 词语释义 固定搭配: - She cant prevent her little boy _ shooting _ birds. (2004)A. from; to B. on; at C. with; up D. from; at 词义辩析: 名词,动词,形容词,副词,介词,连词,动词短语. - If you _ in taking this annoying attitude, well have to ask you to leave. (2008) A. persist B. insist C. resist D. assist 句意

    2、理解:题目的解释要放到整个句子的语境中去解答 - The football game comes to you _ from New York.A. lively B. alive C. live D. living - A lamp is concrete and you can touch it, but its brightness is _ . A. academic B. abstract C. absurd D. absolute,2. 词语运用 词形转换 动词 名词 - Many people keep their (save) in banks. savings 动词形容词 -

    3、 A (horrify) / horrible scream was heard at the dark midnight. horrifying 名词形容词 - With the hospitality so (character) of these people, they opened their house over fifty guests. characteristic,名词 副词 - He found it (increase) difficult to read, for his eyes were failing. increasingly 形容词副词 - (short) a

    4、fter she graduated from the college, she went abroad with her parents. Shortly 形容词 动词 - His face _ (dark) with anger when he heard the bad news. darkened 形容词名词 - _ (confident) is the key factor in communicating with the opposite sex. Confidence, 完型填空: 完型填空命题特点: 考查学生词汇,语法,句型等方面的知识: 还考查学生得阅读,理解,分析,推理,

    5、判断,运用等方面的 综合能力:考实词为主(60%) 动词居多,其次是名词、形容词、词组、及固定搭配、副词等;代词、连词、介词和冠词只占较小的部分(40%): 完型填空命题题型: 固定搭配 (比重最大) 语法: 从句、动词的时态、语态;谓语和代词的一致;动词的非谓语形式。 逻辑关系: 句意理解 词汇辨析题:单个词汇题比重越大,难度越大。前三项比重越大,难度越小。, 完型填空解题步骤: 通览全文,理清主线 (明确要旨)。 抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索做答。三个层次:词的前后;前后邻句;其他段落,甚至全文。 区别选项,合理判断,正确做答 (重读全文,检查解答)。,2008年题型分析,

    6、非英语类:A schoolboys life is in preparation for the real battle of life. It is also _1_ of difference and interest. One of the _2_ important parts of a schoolboys life is to get _3_knowledge and good mind-training as he can. His _4_ business in school is to learn. He _5_ to read the book he is _6_ in t

    7、he classes. He has to do the homework set to him. _7_ part that _8_ a schoolboys life is the school discipline. At school there are _9_ rules _10_. This strict discipline is very _11_ for him when he _12_ the society to _13_ a living. It teaches him some very necessary virtues on the road to a _14_

    8、life. School is a place for a schoolboy to learn what the social life is _15_. _16_ in the classroom and the playground, he has to catch up with his fellows and not members of his family.,He can not behave _17_ he does in his home. He is no longer a spoiled child, and his school fellows will not giv

    9、e _18_ to his wishes. He soon gets his corners robbed off and learns the lesson of give and take, good manner, and thought for _19_. This is _20_ the way when he has to carry himself in society. 1. A. sure B. fond C. full D. short 2. A. larger B. greater C. least D. most 3. A. as many B. more C. as

    10、much D. little 4. A. mostly B. main C. almost D. partly 5. A. likes B. obliges C. requires D. has 6. A. learned B. studied C. taught D. examined 7. A. Other B. Another C. Else D. Rest 8. A. contains B. forms C. consists of D. makes up 9. A. loose B. hard C. strict D. kind 10. A. kept B. being kept C

    11、. keeping D. to be kept,11. A. useful B. harmful C. useless D. harmless 12. A. leaves B. comes C. enters D. organizes 13. A. produce B. make C. get D. take 14. A. famous B. successful C. social D. ideal 15. A. like B. on C. up D. alike 16. A. Since B. As C. For D. In that 17. A. until B. as C. by D.

    12、 with 18. A. in B. up C. off D. out 19. A. himself B. teachers C. others D. his parents 20. A. too B. as well C. either D. also,英语类 (2008),Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was _1_ ? Have you ever seen films in which a train crashed or a ship sank _2_ the oce

    13、an? If so, you _3_ how these things could happen without _4_ the people in the film. The person _5_ knows the answer is the “special-effect” person. He has one of the most important jobs in the film _6_ .In a _7_ for one movie there was a big glass bowl filled _8_ water in which small fish were swim

    14、ming. The director of the movie wanted the fish to stop swimming suddenly _9_ they seemed to stare at an actor. Then the director wanted the fish to stop _10_ and swim away. But fish cant be ordered to do anything. It was quite a _11_.,The special effects person thought _12_ this problem for a long

    15、time. The _13_ was an idea for controlling the fish with a _14_ use of electricity. First, he applied electricity _15_ the fish bowl, causing the fish to be absolutely still. Then he rapidly reduced the _16_ of electricity, allowing the fish to swim away. _17_ he got the humorous effect that directo

    16、r wanted. _18_ special effects require training, skill, and experience. It also adds a great deal _19_ their expense of producing the film. It helps explain _20_ so many movies are expensive to make. 1. A. Destroyed B. collapsed C. jammed D. decreased 2. A. to B. Into C. down D. back to 3. A. can wo

    17、nder B. can have wondered C. wonder D. may have wondered 4. A. breaking B. damaging C. harming D. disturbing 5. A. which B. who C. whoever D. whichever 6. A. industry B. job C. performance D. growth,7. A. view B. sight C. scene D. situation 8. A. over B. of C. in D. with 9. A. since B. for C. while

    18、D. till 10. A. to stare B. to stare at C. staring D. staring at 11. A. problem B. question C. fault D. mistake 12. A. out B. of C. about D. with 13. A. effect B. influence C. result D. end 14. A. harmless B. useless C. careless D. helpless 15. A. at B. to C. in D. toward 16. A. amount B. number C. d

    19、istance D. strength 17. A. Nevertheless B. Because C. Anyway D. Thus 18. A. The all B. All the C. Most the D. Almost the 19. A. in B. with C. on D. to 20. A. what B. why C. which D. when,语法突破-词法 (30%),词法: 名词、动词、数词、冠词、形容词、副词、介词、 连词、代词等。Notes: S- Subject O- Object V- Verb A- Adverbial C- Complement 1.

    20、 SVC: Eg. Dinner is at six oclock.- The tape-record is on the table. 2. SV: Eg. Iron rusts. - Everybody laughed. 3. SVO: eg. I want a wife. - Beijing won the game.,4. SVOC: eg.-We made him our spokesman.- They called him Tom 5. SVOA: eg.-Linda speaks English fluently.- I put the material evidence in

    21、 front of him. 6. SVA:Eg. He stay in a hotel. - He will be flying to Shanghai. 7. There be / seem / exist / happen ,句法: 句子的时态、语态和语气、非谓语动词和从句。 一、命题思路: 1、命题原则: 2、命题题型: 选择题 完型填空 阅读理解细节题 翻译题 二、解题思路: 1、解题步骤 通过观察发现问题 通过分析认识问题 在观察分析的基础上做出正确的判断,解决问题。,2、解题策略 选择题 排除法 - Not until this term _ to realize how imp

    22、ortant this subject is to his future career as diplomat. A. he began B. he has begunC. did he begin D. that he has begun 摸清位置 - Mrs. Green fell off _ bike. Luckily she didnt hurt _.A. he; him B. she; her C. her; herself D. his; himself 了解出题意图 - The weather was _ hot that she decided to have the barb

    23、er _ her hairstyle. A. rather; to change B. so; change C. much too; change D. too; changed, 分析情景,全面考虑 -The new engineers suggestions were _ in the revised plan. A. entitled B. engaged C. embodied D. estimated 双选题,齐考虑 - _ of the teachers in our school is about two hundred, and _ them are women teache

    24、rs. A. The number; two thirds B. The number; two third C. A number; half D. A number; three quarters,完型填空 阅读理解细节题 翻译题 被动句式的译法 虚拟句的译法 从句的译法 习惯表达法 三、各类词的语法功能 1、名词 :可数规则和不规则、不可数名词 - The test is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 2、 动词: 联系动词:the linking

    25、 verb be, appear, become,come,fall,feel,get, go, grow, keep, look, remain, rest, run, smell,stand, sound, stay, taste, lie, etc. - You look very smart today. 实意动词 :the notional verb 及物和不及物动词 助动词: the Auxiliary verb - Do you read newspaper everyday? 情态动词 the model verb - We must obey traffic regulati

    26、ons.,3、 数词: 基数词与序数词 表示时间的数词 表示分数的数词 4、冠词:a (n) , the, 零冠词 5、形容词和副词: 比较级 最高级与后面介词的活用 比较级前可加一些修饰语表示程度 原级比较:as as 6、介词 - The wonderful wine is made _ grapes and it wasmade _ my grandpa last year. A. of; as B. from; by C. of; for D. as; by,7、连词 - _ Lucy _ Lily went to Beijing with the headmaster, but Ka

    27、te did. A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Either; and 8、代词 - are you looking for? - Im looking for my son. A. What B. Which C. Whom D. Whose,语法突破 句法,一、动词的时态、情态、语态、语气、和非谓语形式的变化 1、动词的时态: 一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去将来时、 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时 - He will leave tomorrow. (表示单纯将来

    28、) - He is going to leave tomorrow. (强调打算) - He is leaving tomorrow. (强调安排) - He leaves tomorrow. (强调计划) 一般现在时 - He often _ football on the playground after class.A. play B. plays C. plaies D. playing, 现在进行时 - Look ! They _ in the pool. A. are swimming B. is swimming C. were swimming D. are swim 一般过去

    29、时 - Last week, they arrived in our country and _ with us for three days. A. have lived B. lived C. live D. had lived 现在完成时 - Where are Jim and Kate? - They _ to England. - _ they _ there before? Of course, they were born there.A. went; did; go B. have gone; Have; been C. have gone; Did; go D. went;

    30、Have; been, 过去进行时 - The students _ the books when the teacher came into the classroom. A. read B. reads C. were reading D. are reading 过去完成时 - By the end of last term, we _ 2,005 words. A. learned B. had learned C. are learning D. learn,2. 动词的情态:,- Tom, please send this letter to the post office. Yo

    31、u _to catch No. 11 bus. - OK. Must I go now? - No, you _. You can go after lunch. A. need; must B. need; neednt C. must; neednt D. can; neednt 3. 动词的语态:主动语态和被动语态 主动语态 :主语是谓语动作的执行者。 被动语态 当不知道或是没有必要说明动作的执行者时,或是以动作的承受者为谈话中心时, be + 动词的过去分词; 其中be可以有各种时态 - Old people _ to politely. A. should speak B. shou

    32、ld be spoken C. should spoke D. should be spoke 含情态动词的被动语态的构成是:情态动词 + be + 过去分词,4、 动词的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气 真是条件句:提出的假设完全可以成为现实,谓语动词用陈述句 非真是条件句:提出的假设实现可能性极小或与事实相反。谓语动词用虚拟语气 5、非谓语形式:不定式、分词、动名词 不定式:是带有动词性质的名词、形容词和副词; 动词的三个特征:可带宾语或表语;可由状语来修饰;有时态和语态的变化动词不定式特征:带有某种具体性、目的性、特定性和未来性 - Dont you think his radio i

    33、s too noisy? - Yes, Let me tell him _ it down. A. turn B. to turn C. turning D. turned, 分词: present & past participle具有形容词和副词的功能: adj. attributive, predicative, object complement adv. adverbial 有动词的功能,即可带宾语和表语,也可以用状语修饰。 - He stopped, realizing mistakes in his writing. - He found the fire burning bri

    34、ghtly. 另外,分词自己的语态和时态:现在分词又主动和被动, 有一般式和完成式,而过去分词本身便含有被动和完成的意义, 故没有形式上变化。 动名词 只作名词的功能:主、表、宾。 除名词的功能外,还有动词的特征。 - Learning English well can contributes to our future career. 更深层次上,有一般性、习惯性和过去性的含义。,二、各种从句,简单句、并列句、复合句 - As soon as he arrived at the house, the man knocked at the door. 三、各种句型 structure 习惯表达

    35、和常用句型(固定搭配) - Jim, come on! _ school. A. Its time to B. Its time for C. Its time for you D. Its time - Its time for sb. to do sth. / -its time to do sth. / - its time for sth. 几组常见考点的动词习惯表达: “看” look, see, watch, read. - Look at the blackboard. - I often see some boys play football on the playground

    36、. - We were watching the football match yesterday afternoon. - I often read newspapers in the library.,“说” 有:say, speak, talk (to, with, about) , tell (sb. sth./ tell sb. that / tell sb to do sth. ) - He said that he would go there. - May I speak to Mary, please? - What are you talking about? - She

    37、told us an interesting story yesterday. 倒装与强调: 倒装原因有三: a. 为了求得句子的平衡;b. 为了强调; 为了追求某种特殊效果,如修辞上的要求。 全部倒装 - _ was a photo. A. Enclosed in the letter B. In the letter enclosed C. The letter enclosed in D. In enclosed the letter, 部分倒装 (半倒装) 否定词(或否定词组)位于句首,引起后面的部分倒装, 常见的有: a. never, seldom, rarely, little,

    38、 scarcely, hardly, (no ) eg. At no time; by no means; in no case; no account; under no circumstances. b. 由not until; only when; or “not until + 时间状语”;“ only + 介词短语” ; 作状语置于句首,引起部分倒装 c. 从属连词 no sooner than ; scarcely / hardly when ;这种句型中,主句谓语通常用过去完成时,从句谓语通常用过去式,倒装时将助动词 had 放在主语前 d. 并列连词 not only but

    39、also; neither nor 或将其中的 not only, neither放在句首,引起部分倒装 - No sooner _ the bus _ than the waiting crowd got on it. A. did stopped B. has stopped C. had stopped D. was stopping, 强调 It is 被强调部分 who / whom / which / that - _ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. A. That was from Stephen B

    40、. It was Stephen whom C. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that,语法专项训练 一、二级偏低水平热身,1. As Edison grew _, he never lost his interest in science. A. elder B. older C. the elder D. the oldest 2. Id like to _ your essay with you when you have time. A. go for B. go after C. go over D. go by 3. The

    41、 report showed us very clearly how the plane got _ and crashed in the end A. out of control B. under control C. into control D. within control 4. I was _ which country to visit in the coming summer vacation. A. worrying B. doubting C. finding D. wondering 5. You can drive your own car _ you have pas

    42、sed the driving test. A. even if B. as if C. now that D. so that,6. The committee members proposed that the plan _ postponed for a few days. A. being B. been C. to be D. be 7. The book is _ more difficult than the one I remembered to you. A. rather B. much C. very D. so 8. The project to clear up th

    43、e polluted river _ by the end of next year. A. will have been B. will have completedC. is being completed D. has been completed 9. I have no doubt _ most of the students in our class can pass the final exam.A. Whether B. although C. that D. as 10. I dont think these books are _ for children. A. suit

    44、able B. reasonable C. capable D. probable,11. Mr. Black is looking forward to _ his Chinese partner soon.A. seeing B. see C. be seeing D. have seen 12. This morning when I was walking to my office, I _ to see an old fiend of mine near the office building. A. occurred B. happened C. managed D. settle

    45、d 13. The police asked the villages if it was the place _ they found the lost child. A. which B. what C. that D. where 14. When she arrived at the crossroads, she went in the wrong _.A. direction B. location C. place D. course 15. _ the population is too large, the government has to take measures to control the birth rate. A. Although B. Since C. If D. Until,

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