1、常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations 万国法Public International law 国际公法Oppenheim 奥本海Hugo Grotius 胡果格劳秀斯Universal/ general/ special international law 普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law 国际法的编纂Intern
2、ational Law Commission(the ILC)(联合国)国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派 Positivists 实在法学派 Gratians 格老秀斯派(Compromise school“折中”学派 )social solidarity school 社会连带法学派normalism 规范法学派theory of power politics 权力政治说theory of policy-oriented 政策定向说Congress of Wes
3、tphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin 丁韪良sources of international law 国际法的渊源International custom 国际习惯material element “物质因素”psychological element “心理因素”general practice 通例Usage 惯例opinio juris “法律确信”resolutions of international organizations 国际组织的决议 General principles of law 一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachin
4、gs/writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic/ municipal law 国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论 Dualism 二元论adoption/incorporation 采纳/ 纳入transformation 转化(把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则)国际法的基本原则 Fundamental principles of
5、 international lawjus cogens 强行法,亦称强制规律 peremptory norm Sovereignty 主权Principle of sovereign equality 主权平等原则principle of non-intervention 不干内政原则internal affairs 内政matters within domestic jurisdiction 国内管辖之事件“Humanitarian“ intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination 民族自决原则The subjects of int
6、ernational law 国际法主体International personality 国际人格者Permanent population 固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states/union of states 复合国/国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state 永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦French Com
7、munity 法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected/protecting stateFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation 自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence 领域管辖/ 属地
8、管辖 Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖 Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium 拉丁语,“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity 绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGNITION
9、AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments 国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change 不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doc
10、trine of non- recognition 不承认主义,如,史汀生主义(the Stimson doctrine )Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive/non-personal treaties 非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 State
11、debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt “恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任 responsibility in international lawInternationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes 国际罪行subjective responsibility 主观责任说objective responsibility 客观责任说Imputability/attributability 可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignt
12、y 限制主权restitution 恢复原状compensation 赔偿 apology 道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任 activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory 领土的取得与变更Occupation 先占Terra nullius 无主地Effec
13、tive occupation 有效占领Prescription 时效Accretion 添附Cession 割让Conquest 征服Plebiscite/referendum 全民投票,又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples 民族自决condominium 共管 lease 租借Sphere of influence 势力范围International servitude 国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The la
14、w of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 联合国海洋法公约 Territorial sea 领海Normal baseline 正常基线,亦称“低潮线 ”the low water lineStraight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage 无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区( EEZ )Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage 过境通行International straits 国际海峡Trans
15、it passage 过境通行Archipelagic waters 群岛水域Archipelagic baselines 群岛基线freedom of the high seas 公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy 海盗,海盗行为Right of visit 登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area 国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind 人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabe
16、d Authority 国际海底管理局International air law 国际航空法Air space 空气空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权State aircraft 国家航空器Civil aircraft 民用航空器Scheduled flight 定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight 不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking 空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空 S
17、pacecraft 航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system 登记制度The principle of strict liability 严格责任原则The principle of liability fault 过失责任原则Residents of international law 国际法上的居民Nationality 国籍Original nationality 固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis 血统主义Jus soli 出生地主义Acquired nationality 继有国籍Naturalization 入籍,旧称归化Doubl
18、e nationality 双重国籍Conflict of nationality 国籍的抵触/冲突Statelessness 无国籍Diplomatic protection 外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies 用尽当地救济Passport 护照 Visa 签证National treatment 国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment 最惠国待遇Differential treatment 差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferential treatment 优惠待遇Extradition 引
19、渡Non-extradition of political offender 政治犯不引渡Asylum 庇护Political refuge 政治避难Territorial asylum 域内庇护,亦称“ 领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity 难民身份Principle of non-refoulement 不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law 外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul 领事Consul
20、ar relations 领事关系Mission/embassy 使馆The head of the mission 使馆馆长Ambassador 大使Minister 公使charg daffaires (法)代办Persona non grata (拉)“不受欢迎的人 ”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities 外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation 代表说Theory o
21、f functional necessity 职务需要说Diplomatic Corps 外交团Special Missions 特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities 领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES 国际条约法Bilateral treaties 双边条约Multilateral treaties 多边条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Contractual treaty 契约性条约convention 公/专约 treaty 条约agreement 协定 charter 宪章covenant ,statute 盟约
22、、规约(general/final) act (总/最后)文件(additional/final )protocol(附加/最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration/statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into for
23、ce of treaties 条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判 initiating 草签 authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval 批准、接受、赞同full representative 全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守(拉丁)application and interpretation of treaties 适用与解释条约ame
24、ndment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行 invalidity of treaties 条约的无效amendment/modification 修正/改provisional application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更 PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES 国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of int
25、ernational disputes justiciable/non-justiciable dispute 可裁判的/不可裁判的争端amicable/compulsive settlement 和谐/ 强迫解决方法Political methods /legal methods of settlements 政治/法律解决方法retortion 反报 reprisals 报复 pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判 consultation 协商inquiry/investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停concil
26、iation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice 国际法院Independent judges 独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官 ” 或“特别法官” (special judge) Contentious jurisdiction 诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction 咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdicti
27、on 自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction 协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction 任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings 起诉written/oral proceedings 书面/口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements 区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations(国际联盟)United Nations( UN )联合国The purposes and principles of the Uni
28、ted Nations 联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member 创始/ 纳入成员Decision-making /voting system 决策/ 表决制度United Nations Charter 联合国宪章the General Assembly 联合国大会the Security Council 安全理事会Veto 否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers 大国一致原则Economic and Social Council 经社理事会Trusteeship Council 托管理事会Secretariat
29、秘书处Secretary-General 联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations 区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构)The Collective Security System(联合国集体安全体制) The UN Peace-keeping Operations(联合国维和行动) 复习备考(仅供参考,不可押题!)常见名词: 属地管辖权 国际法不加禁止行为 属人管辖权 无害通过 引渡 庇护 过境通行 全权证书 造法性条约 草签 添附 继有国籍 人类共同继承财产 否决权 斡旋 安理会 国际法院 登临权 紧追权 平行
30、开发制 协定管辖 任意强制管辖复习备考(仅供参考,不可押题!) 思考题: 论国际法与国内法之间的关系。 你认为国际法效力的根据是什么? 简述国家给予外国人待遇的标准。 概述使馆特权与豁免的内容。 请尽量列举联合国海洋法公约中规定的主要海域。 试述国际法院的管辖权。 你对五大国的“否决权”有何看法? 简述国际海底区域的法律地位。 概述国际法上国家管辖权。 试比较毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架的法律地位。 联合国组织的宗旨有哪些? 引渡的主要规则有哪些? 请说明使馆的职务有哪些? 试比较国家继承与政府继承的区别。 试述联合国在维持国际和平与安全方面的作用。 现代国际法是否绝对地禁止了国家使用武力?为什么? 对联合国的未来你有何预测?你有什么好的改革设计?