1、Unit 10,By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.,Grammar Focus (P77),2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻 或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现 的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的 过去”。,1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时 构成：had过去分词,6:00 7:00 现在,By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.,现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done过去完成时: 主语 + had
2、done,Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close. 我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。,Explanation,（1）Ive 是I have的缩写，have been late是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have / has动词过去分词。,I have been here since 1999自1999年以来我就在这儿。We have lived in Jinan for 20 years我们已经在济南住了
3、20年了。She hasnt worked for 2 years她已2年不工作了。,（2）be late for 意为“迟到”，for 为介词，所以其后须跟名词。 Dont be late for the meeting 开会别迟到了。 Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。,（3）close 在此为副词“接近地, 靠近 地”。此外came very close意为 “到时 与迟到很接近”。,2. My alarm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响 go off 意为“爆发，大响”。 Although the a
4、larm clock went off, he didnt wake up 虽然闹钟大响, 但是他还是没有醒来。,（1）go in for 爱好；参加竞赛或考试 She goes in for bird-watching 她爱好赏鸟。（2）go on 进行, 继续 Please go on请继续。,与go有关的词组还有：,（3）go on doing sth. 或 go on with sth. He went on working without having a rest 他一直工作，没停下来休息过。（4）go over 调查, 视察 You must go over your lesso
5、ns before the exam 考试前你必须复习。,3. on time 准时 in time 及时 at any time 在任何时候 at times 有时 all the time 一直；始终,幸运的是, 我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小车过来了, 他们带了我一程。,4. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by his dads car and they gave me a ride.,(1) luckily 是个副词, 常在句中作状语, 意为“幸运地；有运气地”。 Luckily I didnt hurt myself when
6、I fell.(2) come by意为“路过，经过”，既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。例如：When I came by the post office, I bought a stamp.我路过邮局时买了一张邮票。,come by还有“得到，获得”的意思。例如：A good job like that is hard to come by. 像那样的好工作是不容易得到的。(3) give sb. a ride 意为 “让人搭顺车” If you go to the school, I can give you a ride.,Explanation,1Welles was so
7、convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country Welles 是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。,（1）so that句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为 “如此以至于” This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it 这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so形容词）,He ran so fast
8、 that I couldnt catch up with him 他跑得那么快, 以致于我跟不上他. (so副词),（2）so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can, may, should等情态动词连用, 而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号, 意为“以便, 使能够”。,They set out early so that they might arrive in time 他们早早地出发以便按时到达。 Lets take the front seats so that we may see more clearly 我们坐在前排吧, 以便可以看得更清楚。,（3）se
9、t off 意为“出发, 开始”。 Theyll set off on a journey around the world 他们将要出发环球旅行。, set about sth开始，着手 I must set about my packing 我必须开始收拾行装了。 set sb. against sb 使某人和某人竞争、对抗 Set yourself against her 跟她竞争。,与set有关的其他词组：, set in 开始 The rainy season has set in 雨季已开始了。 set out 出发，启程 set sth. out 展示，陈列 They set o
10、ut at dawn 他们在拂晓出发。,He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay 他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。 set up 建立, 设立 The memorial will be set up 纪念碑要建成了。,2. She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married 她震惊了，因为她的确想结婚。 （1）thrill为动词“震颤, 使激动”, 多用于被动语态be thrilled, 表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。 We were thrilled with joy 我们高兴极了
11、。,（2）want在此为动词“想, 想要”, 其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式to do。 I want some bread and milk 我想要些面包和牛奶。 Does Lucy wants to learn to dance? 露茜想学跳舞吗？,（3）marry为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。 表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以 用marry sb.。,另外，词组get married 意为“结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。,be married 也可以用来表示“结婚”，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表示一段时间的词连用。,John is going to marry Jane.约翰要和简结婚了。,Henry didnt marry until he was over fifty 亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。 When are you going to get married? 你准备什么时候结婚？ We have been married for ten years 我们已经结婚十年了。,
