1、菲迪克条款解读 编写人:王平 讲师:王平,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程 版权所有,第1/4讲,目录,一、菲迪克机构介绍 二、菲迪克合同范本介绍 三、红皮书中主要事项的典型顺序 四、合同各方与条款 五、合同构成文件与条款 六、“工程”术语与条款 七、“施工”术语与条款 八、 “验工计价” 术语与条款 九、 “缺陷”术语与条款 十、 “仲裁”术语与条款 十一、其它高频使用术语与条款,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,一、菲迪克机构介绍,FIDIC是“国际咨询工程师联合会”法文名称Fdration Internationale Des Ingnieurs-Conseils 5个首写字母拼成的。其英文名称是Int
2、ernational Federation of Consulting Engineers。FIDIC于1913年在英国成立。目前总部在瑞士的洛桑。中国1996年加入正式加入。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介绍,1.施工合同条件 Conditions of Contract for Construction Which are recommended for building or engineering works designed by the Employer or by his representative, the Engineer. Under the usual
3、arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor constructs the works in accordance with a design provided by the Employer. However, the works may include some elements of Contractor-designed civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介绍,2.生产设备和设计施工合同条件（Cond
4、itions of Contract for Plant and Design - Build） Which are recommended for the provision of electrical and/or mechanical plant, and for the design and execution of building or engineering works. Under the usual arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor designs and provides, in accordanc
5、e with the Employers requirements, plant and/or other works; which may include any combination of civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介绍,3.设计采购施工（EPC）/交钥匙工程合同条件（Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects） Which may be suitable for the provision on a tu
6、rnkey basis of a process or power plant, of a factory or similar facility, or of an infrastructure project or other type of development, where (i) a higher degree of certainty of final price and time is required, and (ii) the contractor takes total responsibility for the design and execution of the
7、project, with little involvement of the Employer. Under the usual arrangements for turnkey projects, the Contractor carries out all the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), providing a fully-equipped facility, ready for operation (at the “turn of the key” ).,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介绍,4.简明
8、合同格式（Short Form of Contract） Which is recommended for building or engineering works of relatively small capital value. Depending on the type of work and the circumstances, this form may also be suitable for contracts of greater value, particularly for relatively simple or repetitive work or work of
9、short duration. Under the usual arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor constructs the works in accordance with a design provided by the Employer or by his representative (if any), but this form may also be suitable for a contract which includes, or wholly comprises, Contractor-design
10、ed civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,三、红皮书中主要事项的典型顺序,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,在国际承包工程的合同中，通常会涉及三方：业主，监理工程师和承包商。他们之间是“三位一体”的关系（The trinity of Employer, Engineer, and Contractor） 。除此之外，还可能会涉及到分包商、指定分包商和融资机构。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,1. 业主（Employer）业主是建设项目的财产拥有人，可以是国有机构，
11、也可以是私有企业，在出版发行的FIDIC书籍中通常译为“雇主”。在红皮书中，业主的正规英语名称是Employer, 但在某些承包合同中，也有使用Client或Owner的，在中国，也有用“建设方”或“建设单位”来指业主的。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts of the Site within the time (or times) stated in the Appendix to Tender
12、. The right and possession may not be exclusive to the Contractor. If, under the Contract, the Employer is required to give (to the Contractor) possession of any foundation, structure, plant or means of access, the Employer shall do so in the time and manner stated in the Specification. However, the
13、 Employer may withhold any such right or possession until the Performance Security has been received. 业主应在投标书附录中规定的时间（或几个时间）内给予承包商进入和占用现场各部分的权利。此项进入和占用权可不为承包商独享。如果根据合同，要求业主（向承包商）提供任何基础、结构、生产设备或进入手段的占用权，业主应按规范规定的时间和方式提供。但业主在收到履约担保前，可保留上述任何进入或占用权，暂不给予。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： If the Contractor su
14、ffers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure by the Employer to give any such right or possession within such time, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 Contractors Claims to: (a) an extension of time for any such delay, if comp
15、letion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 Extension of Time for Completion, and (b) payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be included in the Contract Price. 如果业主未能及时给予承包商上述进入和占用的权利，使承包商遭受延误（或）招致增加费用，承包商应向工程师发出通知，根据第20.1款承包商的索赔的规定，有权要求：(a) 根据第8.4款竣工时间的延长的规定，如果竣工已经或将受到延
16、误，对任何此类延误给予延长期；（b）任何此类费用和合理利润，应计入合同价格，给予支付。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,2. 咨询工程师（Engineer）第一个字母大写的Engineer 在国际承包工程中就特指咨询工程师（Consulting engineer）或监理工程师（Supervisory engineer）。监理工程师与咨询工程师的区别只在于其不同阶段的不同主要职责。例如工程施工阶段咨询工程师的主要任务是工程监理，大家就称其为监理工程师，甚至中国工人简称他们为“监工”，实际上他们不是一般意义上的监工，而是学历高、精通专业、熟悉FIDIC条款，又精通英语的高素质人才。在
17、施工期间，与承包商一起居住在工地的Engineer称为Resident Engineer(驻地工程师)。咨询工程师也是由业主通过招标在诸多参加投标的咨询公司中选定的。业主一旦选定了咨询工程师，咨询工程师就成为工程实施的中间人、设计者、施工监理，和业主与承包商之间纠纷的准仲裁员，更是业主的代理人（但与业主不能有任何依附或从属关系）。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Employer shall appoint the Engineer who shall carry out the duties assigned to Authority him in the
18、Contract. The Engineers staff shall include suitably qualified engineers and other professionals who are competent to carry out these duties. 业主应任命工程师，工程师应履行合同中指派给他的任务。工程师的职员应包括具有适当资质的工程师和能承担这些任务的其他专业人员。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Engineer shall have no authority to amend the Contract. The Eng
19、ineer may exercise the authority attributable to the Engineer as specified in or necessarily to be implied from the Contract. If the Engineer is required to obtain the approval of the Employer before exercising a specified authority, the requirements shall be as stated in the Particular Conditions.
20、The Employer undertakes not to impose further constraints on the Engineers authority, except as agreed with the Contractor. 工程师无权修改合同。工程师可以行使合同中规定的、或必然隐含的应属于工程师的权力。如果要求工程师在行使规定权力前取得业主批准，这些要求应在专用条件中写明。除得到承包商同意外，业主承诺不对工程师的权力作进一步的限制。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： However, whenever the Engineer exercises
21、 a specified authority for which the Employers approval is required, then (for the purposes of the Contract) the Employer shall be deemed to have given approval. 但是，每当工程师行使需由业主批准的规定权力时，则（为了合同的目的）应视为业主已批准。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,3. 承包商（Contractor）承包商就是投标的获胜者，他将在交付履约保函（Performance guarantee）后按照与业主签订的合
22、同和技术规范（Specification）的要求实施合同项目。在中文里，有时提到的施工方（或施工单位），如果他们与业主有承包合同关系的话，实际也就是指承包商。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Contractor shall design (to the extent specified in the Contract), execute and complete the Works in accordance with the Contract and with the Engineers instructions, and shall remedy any
23、 defects in the Works. 承包商应按照合同及工程师的指示，设计（在合同规定的范围内）、实施和完成工程，并修补工程中的任何缺陷。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Contractor shall provide the Plant and Contractors Documents specified in the Contract, and all Contractors Personnel, Goods, consumables and other things and services, whether of a temporary o
24、r permanent nature, required in and for this design, execution, completion and remedying of defects. 承包商应提供合同规定的生产设备和承包商文件，以及此项设计、施工、竣工和修补缺陷所需的所有临时性或永久性的承包商人员、货物、消耗品及其他物品和服务。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy, stability and safety of all Site operation
25、s and of all methods of construction. Except to the extent specified in the Contract, the Contractor (i) shall be responsible for all Contractors Documents, Temporary Works, and such design of each item of Plant and Materials as is required for the item to be in accordance with the Contract, and (ii
26、) shall not otherwise be responsible for the design or specification of the Permanent Works. 承包商应对所有现场作业、所有施工方法和全部工程的完备性、稳定性和安全性承担责任。除非合同另有规定，承包商（i）对所有承包商文件、临时工程、及按照合同要求的每项生产设备和材料的设计承担责任，（ii）不应对其他永久工程的设计或规范负责。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,4. 分包商（Subcontractor）在规模较大的国际承包工程中，总承包商可以将工程中专业性较强的部分工程分包给其它专业公司。通常
27、分包的工程量不应超过合同总价的50%，以防止出现“卖标”（Selling bid packet）现象。在与分包商签合同前，需要获得监理工程师的批准，并且不要忘记让分包商也提交履约保函，否则总承包商就无法控制分包商。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,条款解读： The Contractor shall not subcontract the whole of the works. The Contractor shall be responsible for the acts or defaults of any Subcontractor, his agents or emplo
28、yees, as if they were the acts or defaults of the Contractor. 承包商不得将整个工程分包出去。承包商应对任何分包商、其代理人员或雇员的行为或违约，如同承包商自己的行为或违约一样地负责。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,四、合同各方与条款,6. 融资机构或银行（Financing Institution/Bank） 国际承包工程还涉及资金提供方。由于国际承包工程大多是在发展中国家实施的，工程所需的资金往往都是从世界银行（The World Bank）、亚洲银行、非洲开发银行、科威特基金会等金融机构贷款的。一般说来，可靠的国际金融机构的贷款能保
29、证工程资金的落实和按时支付,并且给承包商支付的工程款也以美元等硬通货（Hard currency）为主，而不是贬值非常快的当地货币。所以承包商对世界银行贷款项目特别感兴趣。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,构成合同的文件很多，一般包括合同协议书、中标函、投标函、专用条件、通用条件、规范、图纸、资料表和构成合同组成部分的其他文件。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,1. 合同协议书（Contract Agreement）合同协议书，简单理解即给合同当事人一个签字的地方。设计这样一个文件，将合同主架构搭起来：当事人、标的物、工期、合同价款、合同组件及其解释程序等，
30、然后列明签字人及证明人以供签字。所以出现在其中的一些参数显得特别重要。“合同主架构搭起来”意味着一部简化的合同，同时这个简化合同又象目录一样，指向着对应的细节性合同组件，所以构架一定要准确。当事人、标的物、工期、合同价款、合同组件及其解释程序，以及其他的特定承诺项目，这些文件的对应指向需要写得明白无误，并注意与合同其他部份有无冲突关系。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,条款解读： The Parties shall enter into a Contract Agreement within 28 days after the Contractor receives the
31、Letter of Acceptance, unless they agree otherwise. The Contract Agreement shall be based upon the form annexed to the Particular Conditions. The costs of stamp duties and similar charges (if any) imposed by law in connection with entry into the Contract Agreement shall be borne by the Employer. 除非另有
32、协议，双方应在承包商收到中标函后28天内签订合同协议书。合同协议书应以专用条件所附格式为基础。为签订合同协议书，依法征收的印花税和类似的费用（如果有）应由业主承担。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,2. 中标函Letter of Acceptance国内把中标函称为中标通知书，而且很多法律文件就定义为中标通知书。一般认为，中标函就是雇主通知承包商“你可以进场了”那么简单，实际上中标函的法律意义很重要。我国的工程合同是要约承诺制，投标函是要约，中标函是承诺。中标函发出，即意味着要约承诺的法律过程生效，也即合同已经生效。 在招投标过程中，有时会操作4-5次甚至更多次的投标澄清，其
33、中的某个过程甚至会极大地改变招标标的物以及招标要求，如果中标函不能明确说明是指向哪个“投标承诺”，不能将此对应关系描述准确，则很容易出现失误。中标函是“对应投标函”的中标函，这就是中标函的外延范围，其他次数的“投标函”，就不一定属于中标函范畴。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,条款解读： The letter of formal acceptance, signed by the Employer, of the Letter of Tender, including any annexed memoranda compris
34、ing agreements between and signed by both Parties. If there is no such letter of acceptance, the expression “Letter of Acceptance“ means the Contract Agreement and the date of issuing or receiving the Letter of Acceptance means the date of signing the Contract Agreement. “中标函”指业主对投标文件签署的正式接受函，包括其后所附
35、的备忘录（由合同各方达成并签订的协议构成）。在没有此中标函的情况下，“中标函”一词就指合同协议书，颁发或接收中标函的日期就指双方签订合同协议书的日期。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,3. 投标函（ Letter of tender ）按招标要求投标函都需要密封送达，所以其外延范围比较容易确定，可以简单理解不在“密封文件”内的一般都不能算投标函内容。对于招标澄清进行投标响应的澄清回复文件也是投标函的一种形式。按规定这种响应文件也得密封回复，包括双方可能产生的各种洽商纪要，都应该以“密封回复”的方式进行。当然有时也会依实际从事。有时双方文件来往很多次，紧急情况下会使用传真及快递
36、方式。文件只有签署与盖章后才有效，而快递只有邮政快递才有送达效应。白文尽量不要以法定文件的方式操作，至少也要有签字，否则会有很多问题。有时操作者用“盖章的人不在”、“领导出去了”等理由为文件争取回旋余地，需要谨慎对待。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,条款解读： “Letter of Tender“ means the document entitled letter of tender, which was completed by the Contractor and includes the signed offer t
37、o the Employer for the Works. “投标函”系指由承包商填写的名为投标函的文件，包括其签署的向业主的工程报价。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,4.投标书/标书（ Tender, Bidding Documents）,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,条款解读： “Tender“ means the Letter of Tender and all other documents which the Contractor submitted with the Letter of Tender, as included in the C
38、ontract. 系指投标函和合同中包括的由承包商填写并随投标函一起提交的所有其他文件。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,五、合同构成文件与条款,5.资料表Schedules “Schedules“ means the document(s) entitled schedules, completed by the Contractor and submitted with the Letter of Tender, as included in the Contract. Such document may include the Bill of Quantities, data, lists, and schedules of rates and/or prices. 系指合同中名为资料表的文件，由承包商填写并随投标函一起提交。此类文件可包括工程量清单、数据、表册、费率和（或）价格表。,译采翻译孵化中心培训教程,
