1、选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考重点单词1distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著2means n手段；方法3majority n 大多数；大半 minority n少数4despite prep.尽管；不管5elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6percentage n百分比；百分率7boom n(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期8applicant n申请人apply v申请application n申请9customs n海关；关
2、税；进口税10occur vi.发生；出现11indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象indicator n指示器，指示物12luggage n行李13apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.明显地14slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒15hire vt. teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relations
3、hip with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed.What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk;
4、 show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be openminded to different opinions even though you dont like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.Thank_you_for_your_listening!考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1means n. 方法；手段by all means 务必；一定；当然
5、可以by any means 无论如何by no means 决不(用于句首时引起部分倒装 )by this/these means 用这种 /这些办法by means of 依靠方法 ，借助手段即学即练 1(1)Taking a plane is _ getting there.去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。(2)All possible means _ been tried.Every possible means _ been tried.所有(每一种 )可能的办法都已经试过了。the quickest means ofhavehas(3)This plan must be realized
6、 _.这个计划必须完成。(4)Thoughts are expressed _ words.思想靠语言来表达。(5)By no means _ left alone.绝不能把他单独留下。by all meansby means ofshould he be提示：(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段” ，其单复数同形。当 means 做主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)by this means 强调的是 “有条理的办事方法” ； in this way 强调的是“用
7、简便的方法” ，in 有时候可以省略；with this method 强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法” 。2majority n. 大多数，大半the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)the majority ofn. U单数谓语the majority ofn. pl.复数谓语be in the majority 占大多数by/with a majority of 以大多数 赢得即学即练 2(1)_ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。(2)_ the people seem to pre
8、fer watching games to playing games.大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。The majorityThe majority of (3)He was elected by _ 765.他以 765 票的多数票当选。a large majority of3occur vi. 发生，出现(occurred; occurring)occurrence n. 发生；出现sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.It occurs to sb. to do sth.It occurs to sb. thatc
9、lauseIt strikes sb. thatclause 某人想起/想到即学即练 3(1)The same theme _ in many of his works.同一个主题在他的许多作品中都有。(2)The accident _ at five oclock. 事故发生在五点钟。(3)An idea _ me.我想到一个主意。(4)_ _ to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。occursoccurredoccurred toIt didntoccur to her(5)_ she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。It
10、didnt occur to him that4indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n. 指示；象征；预示indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物indicate that. 示意；表明indication of doing sth. 的迹象即学即练 4(1)Research _ that men are easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。(2)A high fever usually _ severe illness.高烧通常表明生了重病。indicatesindi
11、cates(3)Snow _ the coming of winter.雪象征着冬天的来到。indicates5make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生come to life 变得活跃起来bring sb./sth. to life 使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒lay down ones life for sb. /sth.为牺牲生命，献身lead/live alife 过着的生活make/earn a living 谋生即学即练 5(1)They emigrated to Australia to _ _.他们移民到澳大利亚，开始全新的生活。(2)Her songs _
12、our history _ again.她的歌曲又一次重现了我们的历史。make a new life therebringto life(3)Joanne _ as a dancer in a nightclub.乔安妮在夜总会当舞女，以此谋生。(4)The match finally _ in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。(5)They were prepared to _ for their country.他们准备为国捐躯。earns a livingcame to lifelay down their lives6keep up 保持，维持；使不下降；继
13、续keep up with 赶上，不落后keep out (of)不准入内keep off 离开，避开keep back 阻止；扣留keep on 继续即学即练 6(1)We sang as we marched to _.我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。(2)We should _.我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。keep our spirits upkeep up our good traditions(3)The shortage of supplies is _.供应不足使价格保持紧挺。(4)I dont think I can _ any longer.我认为这事我再也坚持不下去了
14、。(5)Dave couldnt _ the rest of his class.戴夫跟不上班里的其他同学。keeping the price up keep this upkeep up with(6)_ the grass！勿踏草坪！(7)She was unable to _ her tears.她无法忍受眼泪。Keep offkeep back7take in 欺骗；留住宿；理解；领悟；吸入；改小(衣服)；包括；包含即学即练 7 写出下列句中 take in 的意思。(1)There she was taken in by an aged couple._收留(2)Dont let y
15、ourself be taken in by his tricks._(3)The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught._欺骗 领悟(4)The dress was too big, so I took it in._(5)The tour takes in six European capitals._改小(衣服 )包括拓展：take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take down 记下来；拆掉take for (错) 当做； (误)以为take off 起飞，匆匆离去；脱下take on
16、呈现；雇用take over 接收，接管，取代take to 喜欢；养成 的习惯take up 占去，占据；开始；从事8a good/great many 许多，很多a good/great manymany a great number ofn. (pl.)a great many ofthem (us) (代词)the (these, those)n. (pl.)many a单数可数名词单数谓语动词即学即练 8(1)Tom found that there were _ people already there.汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。(2)It seems that _ them a
17、re out of work now. 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。a great/good manya great/good many of(3)Many a student _ this song.很多学生喜欢这首歌。likes.重点句型详解1However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人有可能在至少 15 000 年前就在加州生活着。本句式中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 从句。It is li
18、kely that. 是可能的。此句型可转化为：Sb./Sth. be likely to do. 某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。Its likely that it will snow tonight.It is likely to snow tonight.今天晚上可能下雪。即境活用 1 Ronaldo was _ to win the 100meter hurdle race, but he fell to the gro
19、und and missed the chance.Apossible BprobableClikely Dmaybe答案：C解析：当 possible 或 probable 做表语时，主语只能是事物或代词 it；而 likely 做表语时，主语可以是人，也可以是物。maybe 是副词，只能做状语，不能做表语。2It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but s
20、imply a mixture of many races and cultures.过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。本句用的句型是 It is believed thatclause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 thatclause。类似的结构还有：It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthat clause.此句型可转化成：(1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/reportthat clause.(2)Sb./St
21、h. be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedto do.It is believed that Mr Smith is innocent.Mr Smith is believed to be innocent.人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.Professor Johnson is believed to have finished his second novel.人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了他的第二部小说。即
22、境活用 2 The lake by the village is believed _ a number of victims in the past 3 years.Ato claim Bto have claimedCclaiming Dbeing claiming答案：B解析：句意为“人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已要了许多人的命” 。在这种形式中，believe 后面不能跟 v ing 形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已发生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1. means/manner/method/appro
23、ach/way(1)means 表示“方法” “手段” “工具” “财产” ，与 of 搭配。(2)manner 表示“方式” “方法” ，指个人喜欢采用的方式，与 of 搭配。(3)method 指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理，与 of 搭配。(4)way 是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词。本义是“通路” ，引申作“方式” “方法”讲，含义很广，与 of 或动词不定式搭配。(5)approach 也有 “方法， 步骤，途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式。与 toward 或 to 搭配。应用 1 (1)This book provides a good _ t
24、o psychology.本书提供研究心理学的良好门径。(2)The _ of their meeting makes a good story.他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。Approach manner(3)The quickest _ of travel is by plane.最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。(4)In this _ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends.就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。(5)He is a man of _.他是个有条理的人。meanswaymethod2. oc
25、cur/happen/take place(1)occur 用法较正式，指偶然发生的或未按计划发生的事情，可用于具体的或抽象的事物。(2)happen 发生；巧遇，含义广泛，指具体客观事物的发生，尤指偶然事件的发生，后可接不定式，也可接介词 to，常用在 It happens/happened that.结构中。(3)take place 发生；举行，主要用来指预先计划好的事情 。应用 2 (1)It _ that they were all there.正好他们都在那儿。(2)Great changes have _ in our school.我们学校发生了巨大的变化。(3)The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.五四运动发生在 1919 年。happenedtaken placeoccurred(4)The conference _ in the Great Hall of the People.会议在人民大会堂举行。
