1、R/（一）消防演习/Fire Drill587在消防演习中消防组应及时到达现场，启动灭火装置并扑灭模拟火源。各消防组的组长应酌情向组员发出命令并将现场情况报告驾驶台或损害控制中心。消防船员应该正确穿戴防护服和使用消防设备。587During the fire drill the fire-fighting party should timely arrive on the scene immediately, break out their equipment and fight the simulated fire. Team leaders should be giving orders
2、as appropriate to their crews and passing the word back to the bridge or damage control centre on the conditions. The fire-fighting crews should don properly and use their equipment.588医疗人员和担架员应注意些什么？588What should the stretcher and medical teams pay attention to?医疗人员和担架员应注意如何传递信息、反映情况及正确地保护担架通过狭窄的通
3、道、门及楼梯。The stretcher and medical teams should pay attention to how the word is passed, the response and handling a stretcher properly through narrow passageways, doors and stairways.589在消防演习中那些被指定承担与消防演习有关的其他职责的船员应做些什么？589What should those crewmembers assigned to other duties related to a fire drill
4、 do during the fire drill?在消防演习中那些被指定承担与消防演习有关的其他职责的船员，如配置在应急发电机、二氧化碳间、喷水器和应急消防泵的船员等也应该参加演习，因为检查官如可能会要求他们解释其职责、演示证明其熟练程度。During the fire drill those crewmembers assigned to other duties related to a fire drill, such as the manning of the emergency generators, the CO2 room, the sprinkler and emergenc
5、y fire pumps, should also be involved in the drill because the PSCO, if possible, may ask these crewmembers to explain their duties and if possible to demonstrate their familiarity.590在客船上消防演习应特别注意些什么？590What special attention of the fire drill, on passenger ships, should be paid to?在客船上，消防演习应特别注意被指
6、定关闭手动防火门和挡火板的船员的职责。在演习中，这些关闭装置应由在模拟火场的负责人员操作。未被指定参加消防组的船员通常应被安排到旅客居住区以协助旅客撤离。应要求这些船员说明其职责及各种应急信号的意义，并要求其指出撤离现场的两种方式及旅客报到的地点。被指定协助旅客的船员应至少能够与旅客进行足够的信息交流以引导旅客到达正确的集合及登乘地点。On passenger ships, special attention of the fire drill should be paid to the duties of those crewmembers assigned to the closing o
7、f manually operated doors and fire dampers. These closing devices should be operated by the responsible persons in the areas of the simulated fire(s) during the drill. Crewmembers not assigned to the fire-fighting teams are generally assigned to locations throughout the passenger accommodations to a
8、ssist in passenger evacuation. These crewmembers should be asked to explain their duties and the meaning of the various emergency signals and asked to point out the two means of escape from the area, and where the passengers are to report. Crewmembers assigned to assist passengers should be able to
9、communicate at least enough information to direct a passenger to the proper muster and embarkation stations.591在消防演习中，被指定协助旅客的船员应至少能够做些什么？591What will the crewmembers assigned to assist passengers be able to do at least on passengers ships during the fire drill?被指定协助旅客的船员应至少能够与旅客进行足够的信息交流以引导旅客到达正确的集
10、合及登乘地点。The fire drill the crewmembers assigned to assist passengers should be able to communicate at least enough information to direct a passenger to the proper muster and embarkation stations.592船上每位船员至少多久参加一次消防演习？592How often should each member of the crew participate in at least a fire drill?船上每
11、位船员每个月至少参加一次消防演习。如有超过 25%的船员未参加特定船上个月的消防演习，则应在该船驶离港口 24 h 内举行消防演习。Each member of the crew should participate in a least a fire drill every month. The drill should take place within 24 hours of the ship leaving a port if more than 25% of the crew have not participated in the fire drill on board that
12、particular ship in the previous month.593消防设备的缺陷包括哪些？593What do the deficiencies of fire fighting equipment include?消防设备的缺陷包括消防水龙带丢失或破损、消防水枪丢失、有缺陷的呼吸设备、机器处所集有过多的油、火灾探测器失效、灭火器丢失或处于不良状况、消防总管破损、消防控制站的把手、铰链和手轮丢失、消防泵无标志、损坏、丢失或无法启动、消防和应急船员没有配备、手提式灭火器丢失、油漆储存在机舱而不是专门的油漆间、机舱和污水井有过多的油、厨房的通风排气管有太多的油类沉积物，等等。The
13、 deficiencies of fire fighting equipment includes fire hoses missing or holed, fire hose nozzles missing, defective breathing apparatus, excessive oil accumulation in machinery spaces, fire detectors broken, fire extinguishers missing or in poor condition, fire main holed, fire stations handles、 hin
14、ges and hand-wheels missing, fire dampers not marked、 broken、missing or inoperative, fire and emergency crew not prepared, portable fire extinguishers missing, paints being stored in engine room instead of dedicated paint locker, excessive oil in the engine room and bilges, heavy grease deposits in
15、galley exhaust ventilation trunking, etc.594在消防演习中，以下问题可能会被涉及到：594During the fire drill the following questions may be pertinent:是否有支持消防演习可用的文件的依据？Is documentary evidence available for the holding of the fire drill?灭火器的安放是否与防火控制图一致？Are fire extinguisher positions according to the fire plan?是否根据公司的要求
16、召开安全会议并向公司报告？Are the safety meetings conducted as per company requirement and minutes forward to the company?是否在良好的通风位置放有备用的氧气/乙炔瓶？Are spare oxygen/acetylene bottles stowed in well ventilated position?是否根据要求贴好发光安全标志？Are luminous safety signs posted as required?应变部署表是否是最新并经船长签字？Is the Emergency Stati
17、on Bill up-to-date and signed by the master?防火网是否处于良好状况？Are flame screens in good condition?固定式氧气探测仪系统是否被校正并在船上有备件？Is the fixed oxygen analyser system calibrated and spare cell on board?595火被分为几种类型？595What fire classifications are divided?在 1970 年，欧洲国家间达成一个协议。现在以下火的分类被广泛采用。A 类火，包括固体物质，通常由有机物质如木材、纸、丝
18、绸、纤维和塑料引起的火；B 类火，包括液体或液化固体；C 类火，由气体或液化气体如甲烷、乙烷和丁烷引起的火；D 类火是金属火；最后所谓的 E 类火就是指电器火。In 1970 an agreement was reached among European nations. The following classifications are widely used now: Class A, which involves solid materials, is normally caused by an organic material such as wood, paper, textiles
19、, fabrics and plastics; Class B includes liquids or liquefied solids; Class C is separated for material with gases or liquefied gases for example, methane, propane, and butane, and Class D is subdivided into metal fire. At last, the fire involving live electrical equipment is so-called Class E.596如何
20、通过第一次检查？596How to pass the first time当船员在进行消防演习时，美国海岸警备队官员想要看一些特殊的活动。下面几条必须特别注意：When a crew conducts a fire drill, the Coast Guard wants to see several specific actions. The following items should be taken into account:(1)向船长报告船上起火的正确位置；(1) Proper notification of the fires location to the Captain;(2
21、)迅速关闭与火灾现场有关的电源和通风系统；(2) Securing of the power and ventilation systems serving the location of the fire immediately;(3)10 min 内要有两个穿好消防服的船员到现场报到；(3) Reporting of at least two men in proper firemans outfits to the scene of the fire within ten minutes; and(4)船员应用正确的灭火技能和技术进行灭火。(4) Proper fire fighting
22、 skills and techniques by the ships crew.美国海岸警备队可能随地要求进行消防演习。一旦他们选择一个地方，他们会随意地挑选一个船员，问他/她灭火的基本理论和不同的方法。当回答满意后， 将进行消防演习。 （记住，消防演习不合格是船舶被滞留的一个主要问题。因此，鼓励船长能够正确训练船员。）The Coast Guard may pick any space to conduct the fire drill. Once they select a space, they will randomly pick a crewmember and question him or her about the theory and various methods of fire fighting. When he or she has satisfactorily answered our questions, they will start the drill.(Remember that failure of a fire drill is a detainable issue. So the Coast Guard strongly encourages captains to properly train their crews.)
