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类型健康领域包含.ppt

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    健康领域包含.ppt
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    1、Promoting Healthy Behavior Change,1,健康領域包含: 靈性Spiritual, 身體Physical, Mental, 心智Intellectual, 社會Social, 情緒Emotional, 環境Environmental 指出不斷變化的動態過程個人努力將每一相關領域的潛能發揮到極致,這些領域範圍一般而言如上所述 安適Wellness The achievement of the highest level of health Well-Being Positive health status,Health: Yesterday and Today 18

    2、00s Health = absence of illness. Common illnesses: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, tuberculosis Poor health often associated with poor hygiene Late 1800s and 1900s Suspicion of the environment as a cause of sickness,Putting Health in Perspective,World Health Organization 1947 conference on global

    3、health “Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.” The first time health meant more than an absence of illness,Putting Health in Perspective,1960s definition of health included: Physical Social Mental Elements of life Envir

    4、onmental Spiritual Emotional Intellectual dimensions,Putting Health in Perspective,Health Today Mortality rates indicate people are living longer Morbidity rates indicate fewer people suffer from infectious disease Are people truly healthier?,Putting Health in Perspective,The 6 Dimensions of the Hea

    5、lth and Wellness Continuum Physical Includes body functioning, physical fitness, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Intellectual “brain power” Ability to think clearly, reason objectively Social Ability to have satisfying relationships,The Evolution Toward Wellness,The 6 Dimensions of the Health and W

    6、ellness Continuum (continued) Emotional Self-esteem, self-efficacy Environmental Appreciation of the external environment and ones role Spiritual Feeling as if part of a greater spectrum of existence,The Evolution Toward Wellness,The Dimensions of the Health and Wellness Continuum,Figure 1.1,New Dir

    7、ections for Health,Healthy People 2000 1990 U.S. Surgeon General proposed a national health plan, for individuals and groups, with long-term objectives Healthy People 2010 The plan has 28 focus areas representing public health priorities Examples include: tobacco use, nutrition, access to care,Table

    8、 1.1,Health Promotion Assists individuals and groups in making behavior changes Risk Behaviors Those that increase the susceptibility to negative health outcomes What kinds of risk behaviors would you like to change?,New Focus on Health Promotion,Three types Primary Secondary Tertiary Incidence = nu

    9、mber of new cases Prevalence = number of existing cases Certified Public Health Specialists Trained cadre of public health educators,Disease Prevention,Can you think of some positive and negative health behaviors? Health promotion should be supportive Health Bashing Intolerance of others who fail to

    10、 meet our expectations of health,New Directions for Health,Achievements in Public Health Over Past 100 Years (CDC) Vaccinations Motor vehicle safety Workplace safety Control of infectious disease Cardiovascular disease and stroke deaths decreased,New Directions for Health,Achievements in Public Heal

    11、th Over Past 100 Years (CDC) (continued) Safe and healthy foods Maternal and infant care Family planning Fluoridated drinking water Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard.,New Directions for Health,Physiological differences Little research went towards womens health prior to 1990 National Institu

    12、te of Health created Office of Research on Womens Health Womens Health Initiative 15 year, $625 million dollar clinical trial focusing on the leading causes of death/disease in 160,000 postmenopausal women,Gender Differences in Health Status,Why do these differences exist?,Gender Differences in Heal

    13、th Status,Factors That Influence Health Status,Figure 1.2,Healthy Behaviors Getting a good nights sleep (minimum of seven hours) Maintaining healthy eating habits Managing weight Participating in physical recreation activities Avoiding tobacco products Practicing safer sex Limiting intake of alcohol

    14、 Scheduling regular self-exams and medical checkups,Improving Your Health,Other actions Controlling stressors Maintaining meaningful relationships Making time for yourself Participating in a fun activity each day Respecting the environment Valuing each day Being as kind to yourself as you are to oth

    15、ers Understanding the health care system and using it wisely List additional factors that promote Health,Improving Your Health,Factors Influencing Behavior Change Predisposing Enabling Reinforcing Motivation Wanting to make a change,Preparing for Behavior Change,Factors That Influence Behavior-Chang

    16、e Decisions,Figure 1.3,Readiness Appraisal of the relationship between an object/action/idea and its attributes Beliefs Appraisal of the relationship between an object/action/idea and its attributes Attitudes Stable set of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies,Preparing for Behavior Change,Si

    17、gnificant Others as Change Agents Family Social bonds Social support,Preparing for Behavior Change,Obstacles to Behavior Change,Figure 1.4,Motivation = reasons for doing something Readiness = state of being that precedes behavior change,Motivation,Belief = appraisal of the relationship between some

    18、object, action or idea and some attribute of that object, action, or idea Attitude = stable set of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies in relation to something or someone,Beliefs and Attitudes,Perceived seriousness Perceived susceptibility Cues to action,Health Belief Model (Rosenstock),The

    19、ory of Reasoned Action Intentions behind actions,Intentions to Change,Techniques Shaping Visualization Modeling Controlling the Situation Reinforcement (5 forms),Choosing a Behavior Change Strategy,Rational Emotive Therapy Meichenbaums Self Instructional Methods Stress inoculation Self instructions

    20、Positive affirmations Blocking/Thought Stopping,Changing Self-Talk,Analyzing Personal Behavior Frequency Duration Seriousness Basis for problem behavior Antecedents,Changing Your Behavior,Decision Making If you decide to make a change, remember change takes time. Setting Realistic Goals Evaluate why the change is important. Think of potential setbacks/obstacles. What programs/services could help you? Are family and/or friends available for support?,Changing Your Behavior,

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