1、Meth- methyl methane methanol methanal(form aldehyde)甲 甲基 甲烷 甲醇 甲醛Eth- ethyl ethane ethene (=ethylene) ethanol(=alcohol) 乙 乙基 乙烷 乙烯 乙醇Ethanal(=acetaldehyde ) ethyne(=ethine,acetylene)乙醛 乙炔Prop- propyl propane propene propanol propanal 丙 丙基 丙烷 丙烯 丙醇 丙醛propanone(=acetone) propyne丙酮 丙炔But- (丁) butyl(丁基
2、) butane(丁烷) butene(丁烯) butanol(丁醇) butanal(丁醛) butanone(丁酮) butynePent-(戊) pentyl(戊基) pentane(戊烷) pentene(戊烯) pentanol(戊醇) pentanal(戊醛) pentanone pentyne Hex- (己) hexyl hexane hexene henanol hexanal hexanone hexyne hexose(己糖)Hept- (庚) heptyl heptane.Oct- (辛) octyl octane.Non- (壬) nonyl(壬基) nonane n
3、onene Deca- (癸) decyl(癸基) decane(癸烷) decene(=decylene)表示数量关系的前缀 1)表示 “单一”, “一” mono-, mon-, monotone(单调),monopoly, monarch uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞) 2)表示 “二,两,双” ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类) bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管), twi-, twilight 3)表示 “十,十分之一”deca, deco-, dec- decade,deci-
4、, decimals 4)表示 “百,百分子一 “ hecto-, hect-, hectometer, centi-, centimeter 5)表示 “千,千分子一 ” kilo-, kilometer milli-, milliliter6)表示 “万,万分子一 ” myria-, myri-, myriametre mega-, meg-, megabyte micro-, microvolt (微伏特) 7)表示 “许多,复,多数 ” multi-, mult-, multimeter (万用表) poly-, polysyllable, 8)表示 “半,一半” hemi-, hem
5、isphere demi-, demiofficial semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent pene-, pen-, peninsulahydro-hydrophobic 疏水的hydrophilic 亲水的hydroxyl-烷 alkane:-ane, alko-ethane 乙烷methane 甲烷alkylation 烷基化 acylate 酰化烯 alkene:-eneleukotriene 白三烯环 cycle:cyclo-cyclophoaphamide 环磷酰胺苯 benzene醇 alcohol:-olcholesterol 胆固醇met
6、hanol 甲醇mannitol 甘露醇ethanol 乙醇酚 phenol:pheno-, -ol醛 aldehyde:-aldehyde, -alformaldehyde 甲醛acetaldehyde 乙醛酮 ketone:-one, keto-acetone 丙酮corticosterone 皮质酮酯 ester:estero-, -idetriglyceride 甘油三酸酯胺 amine:-aminedopamine 多巴胺catecholamine 儿茶酚胺 蛋白 protein: proteino-proteinase 蛋白酶肽 peptide:peptido-peptidase
7、肽酶酶 enzyme:enzymo-; zymo-; -aseenzymologykinase 激酶enzymatic 酶的糖 sugar, saccharide:saccharo-; -osepolysaccharide 多糖monosaccharide; monose 单糖glucose 葡萄糖fructose 果糖mannose 甘露糖盐 salt:-atephosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐alkaloid 生物碱,chromosomemethanekinasephosphatelidocaineleukotrikenetriglycerideacetoneribosema
8、nnitolantibioticdiarrheasclerosishematuriapsoriasisnausea 恶心diarrhea 腹泻vomiting 呕吐anti-inflammatory 抗炎的 indication 适应症contraindication 禁忌症efficacy 功效clinical trial phase 1 I 期临床试验in vitro 体外 in vivo 体内placebo 安慰剂administration 服药方式multidisciplinary 多学科的toxicology 毒理学pharmaceutics 药剂学pharmaceutical a
9、nalysis 药物分析medicinal chemistry /Pharmaceutical Chemistry 药物化学pharmacology 药理学genetic engineering 基因工程,遗传工程monoclonal antibodies 单克隆抗体Pharmacognosy 生药学Pathophysiology 病理生理学Pathology 病理学Physiology 生理学Immunology 免疫学anatomy 解剖学Mathematics Statistics 数理统计学Biotechnology Pharmacy 生物技术制药Natural Medical Che
10、mistry 天然药物化学Drug Administration and Regulations 药政与药事管理学Spectrum Analysis 波谱分析Bio-pharmacy 生物药剂学Instrument Analysis 仪器分析Document Retrieval 文献检索Medical Botany 药用植物学Biotoxin 生物毒素学Levodopa 左旋多巴beta-blocker 受体阻断剂angina 心绞痛agonist 激动剂antagonist 拮抗剂Peptic ulcer 消化道溃疡Histamine 组胺Histology 组织学hydrochloroth
11、iazide 氢氯噻嗪Subcellular particles 亚细胞成分Acute and chronic toxicity 急性的和慢性的毒性The route of administration, dose range, dose frequency and plasma levels 给药途径,剂量范围,给药次数,及血浆药物浓度littermates 同窝崽畜Teratogenicity MutagenicityCarcinogenicityClinical trial certificate 临床试验证书Limited clinical trials under an exempt
12、ion procedure 豁免条件下的有限临床试验Post-marketing surveillance 上市后监测Antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, antihypertensives. 抗生素,非甾体抗炎药,镇痛药,抗高血压药.pharmacist 药剂师antagonist 拮抗药pharmacodynamics 药物效应动力学pharmacokinetics 药物代谢动力学pharmacopoeia 药典Information pharmacist 情报药剂师,咨询药剂师Isolated tis
13、sues 离体组织Perfused organs 灌注器官saturated solution 饱和溶液infrared 红外的 ultraviolet, 紫外的 sodium carbonate 碳酸钠sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠titrate 滴定lead perchlorate 高氯酸铅tetraethylammonium perchlorate 四乙基高氯酸铵glacial acetic acid 冰醋酸titrimetry: 滴定法thioacetamide 硫代乙酰胺organic volatile impurities:有机挥发性的杂质residual titr
14、ation: 残余滴定analgesics : 镇痛药methylene blue: 亚甲兰the flame test: 火焰试验The retention time: 保留时间Potassium拉钾 kaliumcalcium 钙sodium拉 钠 natriummagnesium 镁aluminium 铝chlorine 氯monobasic potassium phosphate 磷酸二氢钾dibasic sodium phosphate : 磷酸氢二钠chromatography : 色谱oxalate : 草酸盐The relative standard deviation 相对标
15、准偏差The tailing factor : 拖尾因子Theoretical plates :理论塔板数Peak response : 峰响应(峰面积,峰高)hydroxymethyl : 羟甲基acetamide 乙酰胺nitrophenethyl: 硝基苯乙基Trichloroacetic adid: 三氯醋酸sulfuric acid 硫酸sulfurous acid 亚硫酸cupric oxide 氧化铜cuprous oxide 氧化亚铜ferric oxide 氧化铁ferrous oxide 氧化亚铁o-dihydroxyl benzene 邻苯二酚m-dihydroxyl b
16、enzene 间苯二酚p-dihydroxyl benzene 对苯二酚Gas Chromatography 气相色谱法Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 核磁共振Mass Spectrometer 质谱法Thin Layer Chromatography 薄层色谱法colo(u)r 颜色 colo(u)rless 无色的stable 稳定的taste 味道 tasteless 无味的ionanioncationatomatomic weight 原子量, 各种元素原atomic value 原子价moleculemolecular 分子的 , 由分子组成的molecular
17、 formular 分子式 molecular weight 分子量odo(u)rless 无臭的 odo(u)r 气味crystalline 结晶的structure 结构solubility 溶解度 soluble 可溶的 insoluble 不溶的injection 注射剂solution 溶液tablets 片剂derivative 衍生物liquid 液体sterile 无菌的powder 粉沫solid 固体药品说明书 (package insert)Absorption and Excretion 吸收与排泄metabolism 代谢distribution 分布Drug Int
18、eractions 药物相互作用Treatment of Overdosage 过量治疗Expiry Date 失效期Manufacturing Date 出厂日期Tetracycline 四环素Cholic Acid 胆酸orallyintramuscularlyintravenouslysublinguallysubcutaneouslyintragluteallyIntraarteriallysubconjunctivallysubmucouslyanorexia 食欲减退coma 昏迷nausea 恶心vomiting 呕吐diarrhea 腹泻dizziness 眩晕fever 发热
19、flushing 潮红headache 头痛pruritus 瘙痒rash 皮疹spasm 痉挛thirst 口渴tiredness 疲倦acute 急性的chronic 慢性的common 常见的irreversible 不可逆的mild 轻微的normal 正常的rarely 罕见的reversible 可逆的severe 严重的temporary 暂时的transient 一过性的,短暂的control( be controlled) 控制diminish ( reduce, reduction) 减少disappear 消失hypertension 高血压severe hypotens
20、ion 严重低血压diabetes 糖尿病severe anemia 严重贫血in packs of 20 tablets 20 片组合包装packed in sheets 成板片包装retail pack 零售包装Packing 药物的常见剂型的英语表示法:aerosol (spray, inhaler) 气雾剂 ampoule 针剂capsules 胶囊 oral solution 口服液coated(-)tablets 包衣片 pill 丸剂cream 乳膏 powder 粉剂derm TTS 皮肤贴膏 retard capsules (tablets ) 缓释胶囊(片)dregees
21、糖衣丸 scored-tablets 刻(划)痕片drops 滴剂 solution 溶液剂emulsion 乳剂栓剂 sugar-coated tablets 糖衣片film-coated tablets 薄膜片。膜衣片suppositories 栓剂granule 颗粒 suspension 悬浮剂,混悬剂injection 注射剂,针剂sustainedrelease tablets 恒(缓)释片liniment 搽剂 syrup 糖浆liquid 液剂 tablets 片剂ointment 软膏the benefit outweigh(重于)the risk 获益大过风险thoroug
22、h evaluation 彻底评估,全盘评估intended use 预期的应用,预期的治疗Promising Experimental Drugs 有前途的试验性药物Haphazardly 随便地False (假的) expectation (期望) 虚幻的期望Hasten death 加速死亡proposed test 提交的试验eliminating flaw 剔除缺陷Cholesterol-lowering drug 降胆固醇药quality control 质量控制 ulcer therapy 溃疡治疗gastrointestinal 胃肠道coagulation 血液凝固contr
23、aceptives 避孕药endocrine drug 内分泌药active ingredient 活性成分dosing regimen 剂量方案the validity of statistical analyses 统计分析的有效性anti-infective 抗感染(药)antibiotics 抗生素antibody 抗体antigen 抗原antivirals 抗病毒药antifungals 抗真菌药symptom 症状syndrome 综合征constipation 便秘toxin 毒素endotoxin 内毒素exotoxin 外毒素hemostatic 止血的,止血剂hemost
24、asis 止血bacteriostatic 抑菌的bacteriostatic action 抑菌作用bacteriocidal action 杀菌作用mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素药典 pharmacopeia pharmacopoeia氯化物 chloride结晶状粉末 crystalline powder炽灼残渣 Residue on ignition bromothymol blue solution 溴百里酚 兰溶液silver nitrate 硝酸银sodium hydroxide volumetric solution 氢氧
25、化钠滴定液sparingly solubleslightly solublepractically insolublesalicylic acid acetate 水杨酸乙酸酯tetraethylammonium perchlorate 四乙基高氯酸铵Residual solvents 残留溶剂organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性的杂质blank determination 空白试验residual titration 残余滴定sulfuric acid sulfurous acidnitric acid nitrous acidferric oxide ferrous oxide