1、1Unit 6 Marine Resources ExploitationText A Part IUnderstanding and LearningBackground information1. Green energyIt is also called sustainable energy or renewable energy. It is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generati
2、ons to meet their needs. It includes hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, and tidal power,etc.2. Tidal powerIt is also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.Although not ye
3、t widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal power has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal
4、ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability
5、of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed, and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels.Historically, tide mills have been used, both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or ev
6、en from Roman times. The worlds first large-scale tidal power plant (the Rance Tidal Power Station) became operational in 1966.3. Wave powerWave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work for example, electricity generation, water desali
7、nation, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs). Machinery able to exploit wave power is generally known as a wave energy converter (WEC).Wave power is distinct from the diurnal flux of tidal power and the steady gyre of ocean currents. Wave power generation is not currently a widely employed comm
8、ercial technology although there have been attempts at using it since at least 1890. In 2008, the first experimental wave farm was opened in Portugal, at the Aguadoura Wave ParkDetailed Study of the Text21. Engineers have long fantasised about harnessing all that energy, and with climate change and
9、energy security now pressing political problems, ministers are taking them seriously. (Para.3)Meaning: Engineers have been conceiving fanciful idea that people tap tidal power which may not be supported by ministers. But now things seem to change. Because of climate change caused by green-house emis
10、sions and energy security in the sense energy is playing an increasingly critical role to a country, ministers are taking exploitation of tidal power into serious consideration.fantasise vi. (often followed by about )conceive fanciful or extravagant notions, ideas, suppositions, or the likee.g. to f
11、antasize about the ideal job. 异想天开找个理想工作vt. create in ones fancy, daydreams, or the like; imaginee.g. to fantasize a trip through space. 想象去太空旅行。harness v. bring under conditions for effective use; gain control over for a particular ende.g. to harness water power/ the energy of the sun. 利用水能/ 太阳能2.
12、It is easy to see the attraction of such schemes. Tidal energy is the best-behaved of renewable sources. (Para.4)Meaning: The projects of tidal energy have the obvious advantages because tides are predictable.3. Such a scheme could put a noticeable dent in British carbon emissions, but greens concer
13、ned about the local environment are unhappy.(para.5)Meaning: The scheme of harnessing tidal power could reduce carbon emissions. But environmentalists dont agree to it.dent n. a small hollow made by pressure or a blow e.g.My car has a dent where it hit a tree. 我的车在和树相撞的地方留下了凹陷。v . make such a hollow
14、 in e.g.The car was dented when it hit a wall.车撞墙上了，车身凹了进去。make a dent in something 1) (Lit.) make a depression in somethinge.g.I kicked the side of the car and made a dent in it. 我把车的侧面踢的凹陷进去了。2) (Fig. ) use only a little of something; to make a small amount of progress with somethinge.g. Ive been
15、slaving all day, and I have hardly made a dent in my work.我干了一天活，但工作仍然没什么进展。4. Some simply think it would be an eyesore. (Para.6)Meaning: Some people are not happy with the projects because they think the barrages and lagoons are ugly to view.eyesore: n. something, such as a distressed building, tha
16、t is unpleasant or offensive to view.sore a. 31)painful e.g. My leg is very sore; I have a sore leg.我腿酸2) suffering pain e.g. I am still a bit sore after my operation. 手术后我仍然有点疼。3 )(American) irritated, annoyed or offended e.g. He is still sore about what happened. 他仍然为发生的事情恼怒。n. a painful, injured
17、or diseased spot on the skine.g. His hands were covered with horrible sores. 他手上布满伤口。5. And as one of the worlds largest engineering projects, it would, of course, be a long-lasting monument to whichever politician approved it. (Para.8)long-lasting: a. existing or persisting for a long time; everlas
18、ting: a. 1)lasting forever; eternal.2)continuing indefinitely or for a long period of time.3) persisting too long; tedious: e.g. everlasting complaints.不停的抱怨enduring a .lasting; continuing; durablee.g.This chance meeting was the start of an enduring friendship. 这次偶然的相遇是一段持久友情的开始。6.One reason for the
19、 expense of wave power is the need to make the equipment impervious to storm damage and corrosion. (Para.10)impervious a.1) incapable of being penetrated: e.g.a material impervious to water.防水材料2) incapable of being affected: e.g.impervious to fear.不害怕corrosion n. 1) the act or process of corroding;
20、 the condition produced by corrodinge.g.Zinc is used to protect other metals from corrosion. 锌被用来保护其他金属免受腐蚀。2)a substance, such as rust, formed by corrodingcorrode: vt. 1) destroy a metal or alloy gradually, especially by oxidation or chemical action: e.g.Rust has corroded the steel rails.锈侵蚀了钢轨。2）i
21、mpair steadily; deteriorate: e.g. Doubt and mistrust could creep into our lives, corroding personal and professional relationships.怀疑与不信任悄悄走进我们的生活，损害了人与人之间的关系和工作关系。e.g.Jealousy corroded her character.嫉妒损伤了她的人格。vi be eaten or worn away.7.But the new device, called the Snapper, increases efficiency st
22、ill further. (Para.12)4Meaning：The new device，called the Snapper, increases efficiency further than Pelamis Wave Energy Convertors.8.Having spent years floundering in the water, could wave power finally be ready to make a splash? (Para. 12)Meaning: Wave power has made little or a little progress for
23、 years and now will get a lot of public attention thanks to technology advancement.flounder v. 1) make clumsy attempts to move or regain ones balancee.g. Three men were floundering about in the water. 3 名男子正在水中挣扎。2)to move or act clumsily and in confusion.e.g. What a pity that his career was left to
24、 flounder. 真遗憾，他的事业陷入了困境。make a splash: get a lot of public attention His latest novel was making a splash in literary circles and is on the best-seller list.他最新的小说在文学圈里引起了人们关注, 成为畅销书之一。Part IIPre-reading QuestionsBefore you read the text, take a few minutes to think about the following questions:1.
25、 What is “green energy”? Could you name some of green energy?It is also called sustainable energy or renewable energy. It is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It includes hydroelectricit
26、y, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, and tidal power,etc.2. What are strengths and weaknesses of tidal and wave power?openExercisesI. Reading ComprehensionA1. What is the status quo of British tidal and wave power?The potential of tidal and wave power is vast in Britain. But
27、the governments record on exploiting them is poor. In 2005, Britain got less than 2%of its energy from renewable sources(mostly wind). This was considerably below the European average of 6.7% and far behind countries such as Denmark or Sweden.2. The British government outlined a shortlist on Jan. 26
28、 of 2006. What is it about?On January 26th the government published a shortlist of possible projects, including three barrages (essentially gigantic dams) and two tidal lagoons (man-made tanks in the sea which fill up and empty with the tide).53. On what grounds do some environmentalists oppose the
29、new scheme on tidal power exploitation?The Severn estuary is an important habitat for birds; large barrages would destroy or damage much of it, as well as interfere with fish stocks in the river.4. What is the biggest problem of wave power generators?They are relatively expensive.5. In what way, Pel
30、amis does Wave Energy make a balance between resilience and efficiency?The Pelamiss design avoids the trade-off between resilience and efficiency by switching to a higher-efficiency mode in calm seas.6. How does the new device, the Snapper, work?It works much like a typical linear generator, in whic
31、h a magnet is moved up and down inside coils of wire, inducing electrical currents in the process. But there is a crucial difference: alongside the coils are a second set of magnets of alternating polarity. II. Structure AnalysisPart 1: Status Quo of tidal and wave power in Britain (Paras.1-2)The po
32、tential of tidal and wave power is vast while the governments record on exploitation is poor. Part 2: New tidal power project (Paras.3-8)Location: the river SevenProject includes: three barrages, and two tidal lagoonsAttraction of the project: 1. best-behaved2. unpredictable 3. generating huge elect
33、ricityWeaknesses of the project: 1. on environmental grounds, it may interfere with habitats for birds and fish stocks near or in the river.2. on economic grounds, it requires taxpayer funding；a barrage affect shipping; it may be an eyesore.Prospect of the project:The conservatives are not opposed b
34、ecause it will create jobs and work for firms.Part 3: New types of wave-power generators (Paras.9-12)The biggest problem in the past: wave-power generators are relatively expensive.One new type of generator:Name: Pelamis Wave Energy Converters (3 articulated pontoons)Location: Near Pvoa de Varzim, o
35、ff the northern coast of PortugalStrength: It avoids the trade-of betweenresilience and efficiency by switching to ahigher-efficiency mode in calm seas.6The other new device: III Vocabulary StudyA1.shortlist 2. immutable 3.drastically 4.impervious 5. trade-off6. Resilience 7. linear 8. jerky 9. flou
36、nder 10. dentB. 1. C 2. C 3.B 4.C 5.A6. B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.BC. 1. square up 2.make headway 3.far behind 4.concern about 5.in power. Cloze1harnessed 2full 3amount 4generators5through 6entirely 7worthwhile 8handful9suited 10annual 11mechanics 12flow13predictable 14associated 15But 16save17does 18cost 19
37、estimated 20produceV. TranslationA. 但是，事情现在似乎出现了转机。据英国海洋动力传送公司的安德鲁斯科特称，在靠近葡萄牙北海岸的瓦尔津附近，有三根长 150 米蛇形浮筒，被称为“海蛇号”的海浪能转换器正翘首以待，准备接入国家电网。英国海洋动力传送Name: SnapperSimilarity with the typical linear generator: A magnet is moved up and down inside coils of wire.Important difference with the old one: Alongside t
38、he coils are a second of magnets of alternating polarity.Advantage of the new invention: The magnets can move up and down in jerky fashion which is more suitable to generate electricity. And then it raises efficiency further.7公司是“海蛇号 ”的制造商。每根浮筒沿其长度都装有三个动力转换模块，这些模块将浮筒衔接处不断牵动摇摆产生的动能转变为电能，这就像蛇受到海浪拍打而扭动
39、一样。这三条“ 蛇 ”是建立一座拥有 24 兆瓦特发电量的海浪能发电厂的第一步，届时该发电厂能够为 15000 户家庭供电。 “海蛇号” 铺设在平静海面上。这种设计是更高效的模式，从而避免了弹性和效率不可兼顾的矛盾。不过一台被称作“笛鲷”的新装置能够进一步提高其工作效率。埃得斯普纳认为，当对一台高速运转的发电机施加一个很小的作用力时，往往会把发电机的效率最大地发挥出来而海浪提供的外力则恰恰相反。笛鲷”的发明人，基地设在英国达勒姆附近的顾问工程师如是说。他发明的装置运转起来就像一台典型的直线发动机。在装置内，磁铁在线圈内上下移动从而产生电流。但和典型发动机的一个重大的区别是：沿线圈旁放置了另一块
40、同线圈内那块磁极相反的磁铁。这样可以避免线圈中央的磁铁上下移动的幅度过小。否则，磁力会不断阻止磁铁的运动，这样磁铁的运动便会时断时续。其结果会导致磁铁以一系列短促、快速的方式运动，这种运动比起缓慢、小幅的运动更有利于发电。早期的测试表明，这种装置的效率有可能达到现存海浪能发电机工作效率的十倍以上。人们已经在海水中苦苦寻觅了这么多年，海浪是否能够最终溅起一丝灵光呢？BTidal power is not only one of green energy, but also its potential is vast. But compared to Denmark and Sweden, the
41、 British governments exploitation is not satisfying. But now things seem to be changing. The project of the British government could provide an enormous boost. It will build three barrages and two tidal lagoons on the river Severn which has the second highest tidal range in the world. Unlike wind or
42、 wave power and alike, tidal power is predictable. Additionally, the project is so large that it can supply around 5% of Britains electricity every year. But environmentalists are opposed to it on the grounds that the barrages may interfere with the birds and fish stock near the river Severn. Meanwh
43、ile, the project will require too much taxpayers money and it operates at a higher cost compared with wind power. Where will the project go? The government may well approve it considering creating more job opportunities. And at that time, it will be a long-lasting monument for tidal power.Extended E
44、xercises1. fish or cut bait2. fishing for a compliment.3. fishing in troubled waters 4. other fish to fry 5. fish out of water 6. red herring7. living in a fishbowl. 8.packed in like sardines. Appreciation and Recitation81.休嫌它寒微贫贱, 天涯无处似家园。2.母亲不是赖以依靠的人，而是使依靠成为不必要的人。3.无论是国王还是农夫，家庭和睦是最幸福的。4.所有幸福的家庭都十分
45、相似；而每个不幸的家庭各有各的不幸5.幸福的家庭，父母靠慈爱当家，孩子也是出于对父母的爱而顺从大人。6.你将拥有的家庭比你出身的那个家庭重要。7.让孩子感到家庭是世界上最幸福的地方，这是以往有涵养的大人明智的做法。这种美妙的家庭情感，在我看来，和大人馈赠给孩子们的那些精致的礼物一样珍贵。8.无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。Part III参考译文 海洋开发潮汐能和海浪能：是行动的时候了1在所有激动人心的话语中，政府对可再生能源的论述却只是只言片语。英国地理位置优越，与其它欧洲国家相比，它享受着（或承受着）最多的风和最大的海浪。潮汐能和海浪能的潜力巨大：2006 年初碳信托基金会（Ca
46、rbon Trust）提交的一份报告上说海浪能和潮汐能可以为英国提供 20的电能。碳信托基金会由英国政府设立，其任务是帮助政府减少温室气体排放。这份报告中给出的数字比之前估计的数字高出四倍多，这表明仅仅依靠海洋提供的能量就可以帮助英国达到温室气体减排的目标。与此同时，据隶属于美国国家能源部的国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）估测，东海岸地区海浪能潜力巨大，提供的能源超出整个大平原地区全部风力发电潜能的 10 至 25 倍以上。2.然而， （不论你是否相信，根据近年已知数据）2005 年英国能源消费中仅有 2%来自再生能源（大部分是风能） ，远低于欧洲平均水平 6.7%，更无法与丹麦的16.2%和
47、瑞典的 29.8%相提并论。环保人士摩拳擦掌应对一项雄心勃勃的潮汐发电计划3仅一个项目就可以大大提高潮汐能的使用率。塞文河（Severn）是英国最长的河流，源出威尔士（Wales） ，注入大西洋布里斯托尔海峡（Bristol Channel ） ，潮差达 15 米，位居世界第二。长期以来，工程师一直梦想利用潮汐能。而且随着气候变化以及能源安全导致的政治问题，部长们现在也对潮汐能利用重视起来。2006 年 1 月 26 日，政府发布了可能新建项目的名单，其中包括三个大坝（实际上就是大型水坝）和两个潮湖（就是在海里建设的人工水库，随着潮水的涨落蓄积海水） 。4很显然，这些规划项目有其吸引力。潮汐是
48、一种最有规律的可再生能源，不像风能、波能（还有主要靠降雨获得能源的水电） ，潮汐受天体力学的固定变化9规律控制，是可以预测的。这些规划的新建项目，有些非常庞大，令人咂舌。最大的项目是从滨海韦斯顿到卡迪夫的大坝，该大坝长 10 英里，预计耗资 220亿英镑。当潮水流动速度最快时，该大坝的发电量可达 860 万千瓦，这相当于英国高峰耗电量的七分之一，比其它所有可再生能源所发电量的总和都多。虽然平均发电量比高峰时期低得多，但仍可满足英国每年 5%的电力需求。5该项目可大大降低英国二氧化碳的排放量，但关心当地环境的绿色环保主义者对此并不以为然。塞文河口是鸟类的栖息地，而大型水坝会在很大程度上破坏或毁掉
49、河口，这同样也会破坏河流中鱼群的生态环境。作为一个环保团体，全球之友认为，海上潮湖可能会为解决这些问题提供有效办法。6.从经济的角度出发也有一些人对该项目表示反对，部长们承认提案中规模最大的议案需要向纳税人融资。前沿经济学咨询公司 (Frontier Economics) 的一份报告认为，可通过其它技术，比如风力涡轮机，来获得同等可再生能源能量。大坝可能影响布里斯托尔海峡的船运。甚至有些人只是觉得大坝有碍观瞻而持反对意见。7.启动哪个项目、何时动工，这些至少在一年以后才能确定。保守党（项目进行期间可能是保守党执政）表示他们对此并不反对。即使项目能开工，也得在2020 年以后才能完成。8.政治家们对这个项目的支持当然还别有他意，正如美国在大萧条期间建设的胡佛大坝，英国政府称塞文河大坝可提供大量的就业机会，并为公司提供大量的工程建设项目。作为世界上最大的工程项目之一，塞文河大坝必然会是一座不朽的丰碑，这是无论哪个政治家都会批准的。化波浪为电力9.多少年来，海浪能利用的前景始终沉浮不定。但如今技术正在这方面不断取得进展。今年夏天,世界上第一座海浪发电厂将要在葡萄牙开始投入运作并接入电网。技术进步还体现在一种新型海浪能发动机上,它可以极大地降低从海洋获取能源的成本
