1、1延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用在学习现在完成时的过程中，我们经常碰到类似这样的句子： 1）这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。 2）这位老人已经去世五年了。 此时，有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为： 1)I have bought this bike for five years.（此句突出“买”的动作。言下之意，到现在还没有买到。 ） 2)The old man has died for five years.(此句突出“死”的动作，给人的感觉是“这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎” 。)造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中，将瞬间动词与延续性动词混为一谈。英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动
2、作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和瞬间动词。那么，什么是瞬间动词呢？简而言之，瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。 如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, die 等。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing,
3、read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间“ 的状语连用。延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间“ 状语连用 .It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain 为延续性动词，而 at eight 表示“ 点时间“，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助 come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)那么，如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢？此时，我们可
4、以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续性词（组） ，从而间接表示其中的意思。 a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用 have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 23、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替
5、 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“ be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、bedead 代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、bemissin
6、g(gone,lost)代 lose c)用 “be副词 ”代终止性动词 1“beon” 代 start,begin 2“beup” 代 get up 3“beback(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 d)用“ be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be
7、 in/at +地点”代替 move to 延续性动词与不延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since 从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last
8、year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 3二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow,
9、 lend, buy 等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：1.The old man died 4 years ago. - The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since
10、the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. 2.He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. 3.I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 一同意句替换（中考必考）短暂动词的一般过去式可以同意替换为延续性动词的现在完成时（for/since ）1. borrow keep have keptHe borrowed my CD y
11、esterday.2. get to know know have knownHe got to know the truth two days ago.3. catch a cold have a cold have had a coldHe caught a cold the day before yesterday.4. buy have have hadHe bought this computer four years ago.5. die be dead have been deadHe died in 1996.6. open be open have been open4The
12、 shop opened half an hour ago.7. close be closed have been closedThe factory closed last year.8. get married be married have been marriedThey get married when he graduated from university.9. fall ill be ill have been illLast night ,he fell ill suddenly.10. fall asleep be asleep have been asleepHe fe
13、ll asleep when he listened to the radio.11. leave sp. Be away from sp. Have been away from sp.He left the school after 18yesrs old.12. return be back have been backHe returned to China after 7 years.13. go to bed be in bed have been in bedHe didnt go to bed until his mother came home.14. come to the
14、 island be on the island have been on the islandThomas came to the island when he was a child.15. go to sp./come to sp. Be in sp. Have been in sp.He went to Australia for further study last spring.16. come here be here have been here5He came here last summer.17. go there be there have been thereHe w
15、ent there with his secretary ten days ago on business.18. go out be out have been outHe went out when his neighbour came to his house.19. get up be up have been upHe got up immediately when he heard the bell ring20. start/ begin be on have been onThe concert started 7minutes ago21. finish/ end be ov
16、er have been overHe finished all the schoolwork ten minutes ago.22. become be have beenHe become a basketball player when he was a little child.23. join be a member of have been a member ofBe in have been inHe joined the communist part in 1998.二单项选择题1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for
17、20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. hav
18、e made B. have been C. made D. have become 65.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben _ a teacher for
19、4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9.I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10.How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 12.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B.
20、have, fell C. have, been 13.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A.has left B.has moved away C.has been away from 14.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 15.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been 16.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on 17.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
