1、Rhetorical devices,(Hopkins, “Spring“),Nothing is so beautiful as spring- When weeds in wheels, shoot long and lovely and lush; Thrushs eggs look little low heavens.,alliteration,(Tennyson, “The Brook“),I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance, Among my skimming swallows; I make the netted sunbeam dance A
2、gainst my sandy shallows.,alliteration,(Edwin Arlington Robison, “Richard Cory“),So on we worked, and waited for the light, And went without the meat, and cursed the bread.,alliteration,John keats, to autumn,.to set budding more, And still more, later flowers for the bees, Until they think warm days
3、 will never cease, For Summer has oer-brimmd their clammy湿冷的 cells. 好塞进甜核；又为了蜜蜂 一次一次开放过迟的花朵， 使它们以为日子将永远暖和， 因为夏季早填满它们的粘巢。,repetition,Samuel Taylor Coleridge ,The rime of the ancient mariner,The ice was here, the ice was there, The ice was all around: It cracked and growled, and roared and howled, Lik
4、e noises in a swound昏倒!,repetition,onomatopoeia,William Wordsworth ， Composed Upon Westminster Bridge,Earth has not anything to show more fair: Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty: This City now doth, like a garment, wearThe beauty of the morning: silent, ba
5、re, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie Open unto the fields, and to the sky, All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.,simile,大地再没有比这儿更美的风貌： 若有谁，对如此壮丽动人的景物 竟无动于衷，那才是灵魂麻木： 瞧这座城市，像披上一领新袍， 披上了明艳的晨光；环顾周遭： 船舶，尖塔，剧院，教堂，华屋， 都寂然、坦然，向郊野、向天穹赤露， 在烟尘未染的大气里粲然闪耀。,(Shelley, “The Waning Moon“),An
6、d like a dying lady, lean and pale, Who totters forth, wrapped in a gauzy veil, Out of her chamber, led by the insane And feeble wanderings of her fading brain, The moon arose up in the murky黑暗的 east, A white and shapeless mass.,simile,Samuel taylor coleridge, the rime of the ancient mariner,Her lip
7、s were red, her looks were free, Her locks were yellow as gold. Her skin was white as leprosy麻风病, The Nightmare Life-in-Death was she, Who thicks mans blood with cold.,simile,John Keats, on first looking into chapmans homer,Much have I travelld in the realms of gold, And many goodly states and kingd
8、oms seen; Round many western islands have I been Which bards in fealty忠实的 to Apollo hold. Oft of one wide expanse had I been told That deep-browd Homer ruled as his demesne领地; Yet did I never breathe its pure serene Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold: Then felt I like some watcher of the s
9、kies When a new planet swims into his ken; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes He stard at the Pacific and all his men Lookd at each other with a wild surmise 推测 Silent, upon a peak in Darien.,simile,我游历了很多金色的国度， 看过不少好的城邦和王国， 还有多少西方的海岛，歌者 都已使它们向阿波罗臣服。 我常听到有一境域，广阔无垠，,智慧的荷马在那里称王， 我从未领略的纯净、安详， 直到
10、我听见贾浦曼的声音 无畏而高昂。于是，我的情感 有如观象家发现了新的星座， 或者像科尔特斯，以鹰隼的眼 凝视着大平洋，而他的同伙 在惊讶的揣测中彼此观看， 尽站在达利安高峰上沉默。,Shakespeare， As You Like It,All the worlds a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At
11、first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurses arms. And then the whining school-boy,with his satchel书包 And shining morning face,creeping like snail Unwillingly to school.And then the lover, Sighing like furnace火炉,with a woeful悲哀的 ballad Made to his mistress eyebrow.,metaphor,Shakespeare, hamlet
12、,To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of trouble, And by opposing end them.,metaphor,Carl Sandburg,fog,The fog comes on little cat feet.It sits looking over harbor and city on sil
13、ent haunches and then moves on.,雾来了, 踏着小猫的脚步. 静静的, 它独坐俯视, 掠过城市和港口, 然后又向前游去.,personification,The Wind (James Stephens),The wind stood up and gave a shout. He whistled on his fingers and Kicked the withered leaves about And thumped the branches with his hand And said that hed kill and kill, And so he
14、will and so he will.,personification,(James Shirley, “The Levelling Dust“),Sceptre and Crown Must tumble down, And in the dust be equal made With the poor crooked 弯曲的scythe镰刀 and spade.,Metonymy转喻，换喻,Ozymandias 智谋者(Shelley),I met a traveller from an antique land Who said: “Two vast and trunkless无躯干的
15、 legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them and the heart that
16、fed: And on the pedestal these words appear: My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.“,metaphor,我遇到一位来自古老国度的旅者， 他说：有两条巨型石腿立于沙漠， 不见躯干。旁边
17、沙中有头像断落， 沉沙半掩，但见那脸上眉头紧锁， 皱起的双唇带着不可一世的冷笑， 足见石匠对法老的内心明察秋毫； 活生生的神态刻上没生命的石头， 比雕刻者妙手匠心的临摹更长寿。 石腿的基座上凿刻有这样的字迹： “朕乃奥斯曼狄斯，王中之王也， 功业盖世，料天神大能者无可及！” 而今一切荡然无存。偌大的废墟， 残骸四周只有那苍茫荒凉的戈壁， 孤寂黄沙向远方铺展，无边无际。,Essentially it is devoted to a single metaphor: the shattered, ruined statue in the desert wasteland, with its arr
18、ogant, passionate face and monomaniacal inscription (“Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!”). The once-great kings proud boast has been ironically disproved; Ozymandiass works have crumbled and disappeared, his civilization is gone, all has been turned to dust by the impersonal, indiscriminate,
19、 destructive power of history. The ruined statue is now merely a monument to one mans hubris自大, and a powerful statement about the insignificance of human beings to the passage of time.,Ozymandias is first and foremost a metaphor for the ephemeral nature of political power, and in that sense the poe
20、m is Shelleys most outstanding political sonnet, trading the specific rage of a poem like “England in 1819” for the crushing impersonal metaphor of the statue. But Ozymandias symbolizes not only political powerthe statue can be a metaphor for the pride and hubris of all of humanity, in any of its ma
21、nifestations. It is significant that all that remains of Ozymandias is a work of art and a group of words; as Shakespeare does in the sonnets, Shelley demonstrates that art and language long outlast the other legacies of power.,Walt whitman,Song of myself,Stop this day and night with me and you shal
22、l possess the origin of all poems, You shall possess the good of the earth and sun, (there are millions of suns left,) You shall no longer take things at second or third hand, nor look through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the spectres in books, You shall not look through my eyes either, nor tak
23、e things from me, You shall listen to all sides and filter them from your self.,repetition,Robert Frost, “Acquainted with the Night”,I have been one acquainted with the night. I have walked out in rain and back in rain. I have outwalked the furthest city light. I have looked down the saddest city la
24、ne. I have passed by the watchman on his beat And dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain.,repetition,(George Herbert, “Justice”),I cannot skill of these thy ways. Lord, thou didst make me, yet thou woundest me; Lord, thou dost wound me, yet thou dost relieve me: Lord, thou relievest, yet I die by the
25、e: Lord, thou dost kill me, yet thou dost reprieve me.,repetition,HOWL (Allen Ginsberg),I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, . who passed through universities with radiant cool eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the scholars of
26、 war, who were expelled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull, who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror through the wall, who got busted开除 in their pubic beards returning through Laredo wi
27、th a belt of marijuana for New York,repetition,(John Dryden, “The Hind雌鹿 and the Panther豹子“),Too black for Heaven, and yet too white for Hell?,antithesis,Sir Walter Raleigh, “The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd“,The flowers do fade and wanton嬉戏的 fields To wayward winter reckoning yields A honey tongue,
28、 a heart of gall胆汁 Is fancys spring, but sorrows fall.春花易谢,而繁茂的田野 也因任性的冬天而凋疲 舌虽吐露甜蜜,但心却献上苦楚 欢喜时的春天,迅成悲伤的秋季,antithesis,Sir Walter Raleigh, “The Nymph女神s Reply to the Shepherd“,Thy gowns, thy shoes, thy beds of roses Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy posies Soon break, soon wither, soon forgetten In folly
29、ripe, in reason rotten. 你送的裙和鞋,你编的玫瑰床, 你赠的众多花束、小帽与短裳 转眼将折断、将枯萎、被遗忘 愚昧铺天盖地,理性毁败沦丧,antithesis,(Burns, “To a Kiss”),Speaking silence, dumb confession, Passions birth, and infants play.,oxymoron,Thomas MacDonagh,Love is cruel, love is sweet Love is cruel, love is sweet, - Cruel sweet, Lovers sigh till l
30、overs meet, Sigh and meet - Sigh and meet, and sigh again - Cruel sweet! O sweetest pain!Love is blind - but love is sly, Blind and sly. Thoughts are bold, but words are shy - Bold and shy - Bold and shy, and bold again - Sweet is boldness, - shyness pain.,oxymoron,Romeo: I would I were thy bird. Ju
31、liet: Sweet, so would I, Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing. Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, That I shall say good night till it be morrow. (Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet),oxymoron,Juliet: O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face! Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?
32、 Beautiful tyrant! Fiend angelical! Dove-featherd raven! Wolvish-ravening lamb! Despised substance of divinest show! Just opposite to what thou justly seemt, A damned saint, an honourable villain! O nature, what hadst thou to do in hell, When thou didst bower the spirit of a fiend. In moral paradise
33、 of such vile matter So fairly bound? O that deceit should dwell In such a gorgeous palace! (Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, Act 3,Scene 2),oxymoron,(Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet),Romeo: Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O any thing, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness, serious vanity
34、, Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms, Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this.,oxymoron,JohnMilton，sonnet23,METHOUGHT I saw my late espoused saint Brought to me like Alcestis from the grave, Who
35、m Joves great son to her glad husband gave, Rescued from Death by force, though pale and faint. Mine, as whom washed from spot of childbed taint Purification in the Old Law did save, And such as yet once more I trust to have Full sight of her in Heaven without restraint, Came vested all in white, pu
36、re as her mind. Her face was veiled; yet to my fancied sight Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined So clear as in no face with more delight. But, oh! as to embrace me she inclined, I waked, she fled, and day brought back my night.,paradox,William Wordsworth,My heart leaps up when I behold
37、A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety.,paradox,每当我瞥见天空的彩虹， 我的心便会怦然跳动； 在生命初绽的童年是如此；到已是成年的今天仍然如此； 但愿我活到老年的时候依旧如此， 否则不
38、如一死了之！ 孩童是成人之父； 我希望生命中的每一天都跃动着对自然的虔诚与敬慕。,A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns,And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a the seas gang dry. Till a the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun;,Honest deception,(Shelley, “The Witch of Atlas“),For she was beautiful her beauty made The bright
39、world dim, and everything beside Seemed like the fleeting image of a shade.,Honest deception,(Shakespeare, Macbeth),His mind rocks; he even imagines he is being tortured:“What hands are here? Ha!They pluck out my eyes.“ And then he swings into another incomparable lyric:“Will all great Neptunes ocea
40、n wash this bloodClean from my hand? No, this my hand will ratherThe multitudinous seas incarnadine,Making the green one red.“,hyperbole,(Alxander Pope),Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.,hyperbole,(Beowulf, lines 15751576),That sword was not useless to the warrior now.,understatement,(Jerem
41、iah 30:19),I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will make them honored, and they shall not be small.,understatement,Lord byron, Don Juan,And Julias voice was lost, except in sighs,Until too late for useful conversation;The tears were gushing from her gentle eyes,I wish indeed they had
42、not had occasion,But who, alas! can love, and then be wise?Not that remorse did not oppose temptation;A little still she strove, and much repentedAnd whispering I will neer consent consented.,paradox,Romeo and Juliet,Mercutio: Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.,pun,Thomas Gray,EL
43、EGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD,The curfew晚钟 tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea草地, The plowman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight, And all the air a solemn stillness holds,
44、 Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight, And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds;,syllepsis 一语双叙,Transferred epithet,白昼将残尽,晚钟促落晖. 黄犊鸣草原,逶迤缓缓归. 田夫荷锄走,赴家意沉昏. 玄冥盈天地,孤影立乾坤. 夕曛逐黯淡,晚景渐暝灭. 万化皆偃息,阴肃笼四野. 唯见虫旋舞,但闻语切切. 牧铃声思睡,催羊入圈歇.,John keats, ode to the nightingale,In some melodious plot of beechen green.That thou, light winged Dryad of the trees, 因为在林间嘹亮的天地里 In some melodious plot 你呵,轻翅的仙灵 Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, 你躲进山毛榉的葱绿和荫影,synaesthesia,The Music in the Violin Does not emerge alone But Arm in Arm with Touch, yet Touch Alone is not a Tune.,synaesthesia,
