1、一、快速阅读。大学六级中的第一道阅读题目是快速阅读，很多考生朋友都向笔者反映：快速阅读怎么做啊？拿到题目是先看文章还是先看题目啊？怎么我总是做不完题啊？有什么方法可以提高阅读速度啊？等等等等这几个问题相信也是大家最关心的，那接下来，笔者将从六级快速阅读的命题特征，做题步骤，解题方法几个角度来谈谈如何攻克快速阅读。1.六级快速阅读的命题特征。六级快速阅读的文章篇幅约为 1200 单词，通常是略多一些的，整个题目的给定时间为 15分钟。文章之后是十道题目，这十题可以会出现两种组合：一种为 4 道是非判断题（也就是大家所熟悉的 Y/N/NG 题）加上 6 道句子填空题（也可称补全句子）；另一种为 7
2、 道选择题加上 3 道句子填空题。至于考试最终会以哪种形式出题，在考纲中是没有明确说明的，从改革之后的几次实考情况来看，06 年 12 月六级开始使用新题型，到 09 年 6 月的六级考试中，第一种题目组合形式考了两次，分别是 06 年 12 月和 07 年 6 月；第二种题目组合形式考了之后的四次。大家可以从以上的信息中来分配自己对于每种题型的复习时间。2.六级快速阅读的做题步骤。由于整个快速阅读部分总体时间为 15 分钟，如果不进行合理的规划，这样的时间是绝对不够用的。很多考生朋友会问到底应该以一种什么样的顺序来做题？我们先来了解一下在考试大纲中的说法：“要求考生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章
3、中获取信息。略读考核学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想的能力，阅读速度约为每分钟 120 词。查读考核学生利用各种提示，如数字、大字单词、段首或句首词等，快速查找特定信息的能力。”从考纲中我们发现，这里有三个重点信息：略读、查读、速度为 120 词/分钟。从这三点上我们基本上可以确实整体的步骤了，那就是选定信息+回到文章查找信息+对比解题。而且我们应该是看一题，做一题。这就是所谓的略读、查读。其实这正是我们平时所使用的从题干中找关键词，回文章定位的办法。快速阅读其实就是考定位。而另外一个信息，阅读速度问题，表面上看到这个 120 词/分钟，很考生都望而却步，这绝对是一个无法企及的速度，
4、但笔者提醒大家看它前面的文字，这样读的目的是为了获取文章主旨大意，而不是精细分析，于是结合大家以往所掌握的英语阅读知识应该知道，在英语中主旨的位置往往是相对固定的，想要把握 1200 个单词的文章的主旨根本不需要全文阅读，只需要看几个位置就可以了，如标题、首段、小标题。所以说这里的阅读速度应该更确切的讲是平均速度。建议做题步骤：1）看题干，划出关键词。2）看一题，定位一题。3）对比原文与题干，找出异同或丢失信息，解题。3.六级快速阅读的解题方法。对历年真题比较熟悉的考生也会发现，在快速阅读中往往会出现以下三条小原则：1）题目出题的顺序与文章行文的顺序高度一致。不论是哪种题目组合，这十道题目都是
5、严格地对应行文的顺序，题目从上到下依次出现，而题目的对应定位点也是从上到下依次出现，这就是笔者所指的顺序高度一致，所以大家完全可以好好利用这一条小规律，按照顺序去查找，并且坚决不走“回头路”。如果在做题中出现某道题的关键词不够明确，也可以通过这个小规律，采用“迂回”战术来解决，那就是先放着无法定位的题目不做，而去做下一道能够明确定位的题目，再利用题目与文章顺序一致，大概确定上题的范围，再做查找，范围缩小，也就意味着难度降低了。2）定位句，或者叫解题句几乎是将文章等分。做完一篇快速阅读之后，再重新审视全文，看看定位点，大概也会发现这个小规律，当然这只是大致的一个认识，十个解题句（定位点）几乎就是
6、将全文十等分，这一点认识对我们快速定位也会有一定的帮助，每次找到一个解题句之后，下一道题基本上可以直接在下一段，或者大约隔十行去寻找了，这样会节省少许的时间。3）正确答案基本是原文再现。这一点无需多讲，一如前面关于考纲的分析所讲过的，旨在考察考生快速查找信息的能力，所以重在找，而非转述或分析，只要找到信息就可以了，那么在答案中往往是以原文原词再现。如：2009 年 6 月 20 日六级考试快速阅读中的第一题：1. When Lenore Skenazys son was allowed totake the subway alone, he .A)was afraid that he migh
7、t get lostB)enjoyed having the independenceC)was only too pleased to take the riskD)thought he was an exceptional child利用划线处的几个关键词，在原文中定位句：Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for theNew York Sun, wrote about letting her son take thesubway alone to get back to her Manhattan home from adepartment
8、store on the Upper East Side, she didnt expect to gethit with a wave of criticism from readers.“Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed withindependence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New YorkSun.于是正确答案即为 B 项，enjoyed having the independence。正是原文的再现。六级快速阅读概况与解题基本方略：六级的快速阅读和四级快速阅读的形式、比例、分值、包括解
9、题方法都很像。一篇六级速读全长约 1000 词至 1200 词左右，需要考生在 15 分钟内完成，请记住，涂卡时间也是算在这 15 分钟之内的。倒看原则：先看题目，再 “按图索骥”回到原文中去；标记原则：数据、年代、地名、人名、组织名、大写名称等等经常在题目和原文中互相照应；注意标题：小标题会成为很多题目层次的分界线，下文中并没有出现，但今后的考试中要特别注意。请在 10 分钟内完成以下题目The History of Pizza HutPizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Da
10、n Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost a decade later, Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza H
11、ut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ.In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990s Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated their 40th anniversary, and launched their famou
12、s campaign “The Best Pizzas Under One Roof.“ In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Huts market share has slowly eroded because of intense competition from their rivals Do
13、minos, Little Caesars and newcomer Papa Johns. Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Dominos.However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as
14、 buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping
15、found on pizzas.In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to
16、their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didnt necessarily want pizza.Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the divers
17、ification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different - different enough that customers will think its a whole new product. For example, lets look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983,
18、Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the “BigFoot,“ which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced “Stuffed Crust Pizza,“ where the crust would be
19、 filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed “The Edge,“ which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing “The Big New Yorker,“ trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ord
20、ering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started, so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued cus
21、tomer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer hotline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation ana
22、lysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future.However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut ha
23、s higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors dont have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their high
24、er prices.An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Huts opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas, and increase brand loyalty wit
25、h good customer service.Pizza Huts number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, their closest competitor is Dominos Pizza. Dominos main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also, Dominos was very profitable when they ran the promotio
26、nal deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However, many lawsuits have been filed against Dominos in the past for reckless driving by their drivers, so Dominos withdrew the promotion. Little Caesars is another one of Pizza Huts competitors, right behind Dominos in market share. Little Caesars
27、 is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa Johns, Sbarro, and Pizza Inn.A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyones competitive advantages. Most if not all the top piz
28、za chains offer free delivery, and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas, Boboli,
29、and DiGornio pizzas.1. Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.2. Pizza Hut has always dominated the market and is free of challenge.3. Fruits and salads are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.4. The diversification strategy is to be the first mover.5
30、. In Pizza Hut, a Pan Pizza was _ to serve in 5 minutes.6. If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house, you have to have _ in the first place.7. In order to make sure their customers were happy, Pizza Hut introduced _.8. The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accoun
31、ted for _9. The reason why Dominos withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from _10. Major pizza makers have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are _参考答案1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. N5. guaranteed6. Internet access7. two customer satisfaction programs8. higher prices of thei
32、r pizzas9. reckless driving by their drivers10. the same简单解析：快速阅读的解题策略是关键词定位和信息对比。本文主要讲述了必胜客的发展和行业竞争，题目设置较为清楚，根据题干及文章都很容易定位，基本上是一段对应一题。可能在第1、9、10 题会有些踌躇，第一题中的 1969 年对应了文章第一段 a decade later，第 9 题中需要填写遭受（suffer from）的宾语，文中并没有直接点明，而是在第 11 段中用了一个同义替换的形式“filed against Dominos in the past for”，最后一题对应文章最后一段中的 pretty much。
