1、Keep something for a rainy day.,未雨绸缪。,语法第一讲：定语从句,2011年4月10日,1. 找出先行词； 2. 确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语，状语； 3. 选择正确的关系词。,定语从句三部曲,几个关系代词的基本用法,that: 可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which A letter _ is written in pencil is difficult to read. Do you know the gentleman _spoke just now? What is the question _th
2、ey are talking about? Here is the man _you want to see.,that/which,that/who,that/which,who/whom/that,that,先行词为不定代词时：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修饰时； 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时； 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时； 先行词既有人又有物时； 6. 先行词是数次时；(t
3、wo, ten, a hundred),只能用that 不能用which的情况,1. The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about is really well known . 2. The most important thing _ should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 3. The last place _ we visited was the chemical works. 4. Theres nothing _ can be said abou
4、t it . 5. This is the third film _ has been shown in our school this term.,即学即用,7. 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 8. 疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 9. 主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词； 被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。(主语+be+n. /adj.; 主语+系动词+adj.),只能用that不能用which 的情况,1. Y
5、esterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two _are still alive. 2. Who is the man _ is standing at the gate? 3. Thats a good book _will help you a lot. 4. There is still a seat in the corner_ is still free. 5. Edison built up a factory which produced things _ha
6、d never been seen before.,即学即用,逗号和介词后面不能用that,which: 指物；可作主语，宾语，状语。1. The book _ was on the desk was bought by my father. 2. The book _ I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory _ his father works is far from here.,which,1. 介词后面只能用which；Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2. 非限定性定
7、语从句中。More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.当关系代词后面带有插入语时；Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.,只能用which不能用that 的情况,4. 先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell be
8、st.,只能用which 的情况,who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人； whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人； whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。 （whose = of which或of whom）I like the students who work hard. All who heard the story were amazed. Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. A child whose parents are dead is cal
9、led an orphan. Id like a room whose window faces south.,who, whom, whose,1. 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时； Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing. 2. 在
10、非限定性定语从句中；His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 3在there be开头的句子中。Here is a boy who wants to see you.,只能用who 不能用that 的情况,学习小结,只能用that的情况（前6种情况）； 不能用that 的情况（2种情况） 只能用which不能用that的情况（4种情况）； 只能用who 不能用that 的情况（4种情况）；,英语谚语欣赏,He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is inde
11、ed a good-for nothing. Its the first step that costs.3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf。,不懂装懂，一事无成.,千里之行，始于足下。,甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.,When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, year, month等） He came last night when I was out. We will put off the picnic until next week, when t
12、he weather would be better.,when,I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(when= on which) He came at a time when we needed him most.(when= at which) We will never forget the year 1949, when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.(when= in which),when = 介词+which,I still remember
13、the day _my brother joined the army. I still remember the days _we spent together.,比 较,when /on which,which/that,先行词是时间名词，但在定语从句中做宾语 或主语时，先行词不能用when。,Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。（如：place, school, factory, room等） This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to
14、 live.,where,I recently went back to the town where I was born.(where = in which) I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine.(where = in which),where = 介词+which,The small mountain village _we spent our holiday last month is now very famous. This is the park _they visited las
15、t year.,比 较,where,which/that,先行词是地点名词，但在定语从句中做宾语 或主语时，先行词不能用where。,Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代。The reason why / for which / (that) he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,why,I dont believe the reason that/which he gave me. Have you asked him the reason that may explain h
16、is success?,当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时， 不能用why 引导。,比 较,先行词在从句中做状语时，关系词才可以用when， where和why。,当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。 This is the way that / in which I do such things. Please do the experiment in the way that/which I have shown you. (做宾语),补 充,as 的用法He was a foreigner, _ I knew from his ac
17、cent. A. that B. as C. where D. why如为限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等结构中。 I have the same book as you (have). Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you woreyes
18、terday.,as 的用法 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如”。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.,无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中充当一定的成分，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。 This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.The
19、 English Corner is the place where people often go there to practice their spoken English.,补 充,【误】,【误】,关系词的省略,在下列情况下，关系词在非正式文体中可以省略: 1. 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。Are these keys (that which) you were looking for？The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time
20、.,2以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。I dont like the way (that/ in which) she walks.The way (that /in which) he answered the questionswas surprising.,3在the time when, the place where, the reason why 结构中，when, where, why可省略。I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.Thats the plac
21、e (where) he stayed when he was in the country.,学习小结,做状语的三个关系副词； 当先行词为way时；as的用法； 成分不能重复； 关系词的省略。,只能用that的情况（10种情况）； 不能用that 的情况（2种情况） 只能用which不能用that的情况（4种情况）； 只能用who 不能用that 的情况（4种情况）； 做状语的三个关系副词； 当先行词为way时；as的用法； 成分不能重复； 关系词的省略。,定语从句重点总结,1. 找出先行词； 2. 确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语，状语； 3. 选择正确的关系词。,定语从句三部曲,即时
22、练习,1. Well never forget the days_ we spent together last year. A. when B. that C. how D. on which 2. The high yellow building over there, _was set up last year, is our office building. A. it B. that C. where D. which 3. It is the best TV play _Ive seen. A. that B. which C. since D. and 4. I often he
23、ar from my sister, _works as an engineer. A. that B. who C. he D. whom 5. Last month I visited the house _I used to live in my twenties. A. which B. who C. in that D. where,6. The day_ I was to start arrived at last. A. that B. which C. on which D. in that 7. The old woman has two sons, _are teacher
24、s. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. all of them D. neither of them 8. Is that the reason _you dont agree with them? A. what B. which C. why D. that 9. Air, _we breathe every day, is necessary to life. A. / B. which C. what D. that 10. I, _your friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B.
25、that is C. who am D. who are,11. Li Ying is one of the girls _to college in the village. A. who goes B. who go C. which went D. that goes 12. He is the only one of the boys of his class who _the piano well. A. plays B. play C. playing D. are playing 13. Those _not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 14. Is this the factory _you visited the other day? A. in which B. which C. where D. the one 15. He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it D. what,
