1、非谓语动词讲解,Non predicate Verbs,No.8 Middle SchoolZhang Yu,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。,肯定式：否定式： 被动式： 完成式：,to do,not to do,to be done,to have done,动词不定式,To see is to believe .,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in
2、.,She came here to study English.,I told the her not to drink cold water .,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(1)作主语,To get there in time is necessary.,句型1：It + v. + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,It is necessary to get there in time.,句型2：It is +adj. +for/of +sb. +to do sth.,It is easy for me to finis
3、h this work before nine.,It is very kind of you to give me some help.,You are very kind to give me some help.,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,（是形容人的品质的 ）,选出下面习题正确答案,1. Its important_ and helpful. A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D. to be kind 2.It took Alice and me an hour _out the problem.A. to work B. working C. work D
4、. for working. 3.Its very nice _you to _me about it.A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D. of; tell,(2)作宾语,He decided _ (go) abroad.,1）接不定式作宾语的动词,2）疑问词+不定式作宾语,I dont know where to go.,I dont know where I should go.,3）it作形式宾语,S.+ find/think/feel/make+ it +adj/n + to do sth.,1.I find _ better _ start
5、 early. 2.We think _ important _ obey the law.,常见的词有seem, decide, agree, wish/hope, choose, need, refuse, plan, fail, cant wait, offer, afford, expect, pretend等。,(3)作宾语补足语,(宾语与宾补之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系),1. Mother told me _( come )back before 9.2. Ill order him _ (not fight) again. 3. He asked me _(do) the wo
6、rk with him,feel hear listen to see watch look at notice,+,sb.,+,do doing,make let have,Sb.+ be,felt heard listened to seen watched looked at noticed,+,to do,made let,注意,主动省to, 被动加to,I often heard them _ a pop song. (sing)He made me _ the question. (answer),He is often heard _ the song. (sing)He was
7、 seen _ the room. (enter),sing,answer,to sing,to enter,（4）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式,1) 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need),My wish is to be a scientist.,2) be to do可构成将来时态,表 “准备/打算/计划,She is to return next week.,她打算下周回来。,我的愿望是当科学家。,He is looking for a room to live in.,Do you have anything to wash today?,She is the last to l
8、eave the room.,(5) 作定语,1) 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末。,He went to see his uncle yesterday.,2) 结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto结构中。,The question is too difficult to answer.,(6) 作状语,他昨天去看望了他的叔叔。,He is old enough to go to school.,这个问题太难回答了。,他上学足够大了。,动名词（gerund）,一. 动名词的基本构成,2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,二. 动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点又具有名词的特
9、点,1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,I hope you dont mind _ ( I )saying it.,She went to school without_(没吃早餐).,动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型, 常与no use, no good, useless, worthwhile连用,吸烟太多无益学好英语是值得做的,Its worthwhile learning English well.,Its no good smoking too much,a. Its no use _( sit ) here waiting.b. It is great fun _
10、 (play) golf.,三.动名词的功用,1.可作主语,_（阅读报纸) can increase our knowledge.,2.可作宾语, S. + vt.+ doing,Have you finished _(read) the book? I suggest _(do) it in a different way.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过 avoid miss 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practice 喜欢想象 禁不住冒险 enjoy/ imagine/ cant help/risk
11、 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind,S+,like love hate prefer begin start,+,to do doing,S+,remember forget stop mean try,+,to do doing,Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on
12、 a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 3. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off,选出下面习题正确答案,主动表被动:,want (需要)need (需要)require (需要)Sth. + + doingbe worth (值得),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达
13、被动含义, The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). The shoes require (mend).,prefertolook forward tobe used toput offgive upS. + keep on + doingsucceed incant helpfeel likebe busybe worthhave difficulty/trouble/problems (in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S. + v. + prep. + doing,e.g. She sat there without (spe
14、ak) I look forward to (see) him again. Are you used to (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh). I dont feel like (go) to see the film.,分词：Participles,一、 分词的概述,1. 种类： 现在分词 （Present Participle）过去分词 （Past Participle）,2. 基本形式：现在分词： doing过去分词： 规则动词 V+ed不规则动词,3.分词在句中起形容词
15、和副词的作用。在句中作表语、 定语、状语和宾语补足语。,America is a 发达的 country.,二、分词的作用,1.作定语,The man 坐在我后面的 is my brother.,现在分词作定语表示主动和进行,过去分词作定语表示被动和完成,The books_ (write) by Luxun are sold out.,developing,sitting behind me,written,developed,2、作表语,现在分词作表语表示主语本身具有的特征。 （如exciting,relaxing,amazing,facinating,disappointing等）过去分
16、词作表语表示主语对某事物产生某种感觉。 （如excited,relaxed,amazed,facinated,disappointed等),They are _ in English (interest).,We are _at the news. (surprise).,The story is_(interest).,The news is_(surprise).,interesting,interested,surprising,surprised,3、作宾语补足语,常接分词作宾补的动词有 see, watch, hear, keep, find, have, get ,make等词。,
17、I hear them _ in the room now (sing).,I want to have my hair_ (cut).,She explained it again to make herself _(understand),He found the boy _(sleep).,singing,sleeping,cut,understood,4、作状语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.(Seeing/seen) from
18、 the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.,解 题 方 法解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路：解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；将该
19、选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。,链接中考,1.(2011,黄石) -Would you like _or shall we go by bus? - I prefer _,but we have to take a taxi, for time is short.A. walking; to walk B. to walk; walking C. walk; to walk D. walk; walk 2. (2011株洲)Tony wants _a job as a teacher in China.A. to find B. finding C.
20、 find D. found 3.(2011，扬州) We can make a fire_ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A. to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept 4.(2011，盐城) Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _what you like every day.A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 5.(2011，临沂) If prices rises too high, the
21、government has to do something _itA. stop B. stopped C. stopping D. to stop,6.(2011，威海) What time do you expect her _?A. arrive B. is arriving C. arriving D. to arrive 7.(2011，河北)Whenever you have a chance _English, you should take it.A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks 8.(2011，江西)How kind you a
22、re! You always do what you can _me.A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps 9.(2011，山西)Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law.A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. drove 10.(2011，杭州)Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible.A. not to wear B. not wear C. we
23、aring not D. not wearing,11.(2010，福州)Our teacher told us _an electric bike. Its too dangerous.A. to ride B. not ride C. not to ride D. dont ride 12.(2010，芜湖)-Are you going to the party _at Smiths home this evening?-I will if I am free.A. holding B. held C. to hold D. to be held 13.(2010，宜宾)While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _out of the water.A. jumped B. to jump C. jumping D. are jumping 14.(2011,吉林) The students are busy _their room. 15.(2011,吉林)So much work usually makes them _tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel,cleaning,Thank you!,
