1、词形转换,一、名词变为形容词的方法,1. 在名词后面加 -y 可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。 例如：rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy, healthhealthy, lucklucky 等。 注意：1) 如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加 -y。如：sunsunny, funfunny 等。2) 少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉 e 再加 -y。例如：noisenoisy, iceicy 等。,2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加 -ful 可以变为形容词。例如：careca
2、reful, thankthankful, helphelpful, useuseful, beautybeautiful 等。 3. 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加 -ese, -ish 或 -n 构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。例如：ChinaChinese, JapanJapanese, EnglandEnglish, AmericaAmerican, IndiaIndian, Australia Australian (注意 CanadaCanadian)。 4. 在名词后加 -ous 变为形容词。例如：dangerdangerous 等。,5. 在名词后加 -ly 变为形容词。例如：fr
3、iendfriendly, lovelovely 等。 6. 在名词后加 -less 构成含有否定意义的形容词。例如：carecareless(粗心的)，useuseless(无用的)， hopehopeless(没希望的)， homehomeless(无家可归的)等。 7. 一些以 -ence 结尾的名词，把 ence 改为 ent 变成形容词。例如：differencedifferent, silencesilent 等。,二、动词变为名词的方法,1. 词形不变，词性改变。例如：work, study, water, plant 等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。 2. 一些动词在词尾加上
4、-er 或 -or 之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如：workworker, teachteacher, singsinger, jumpjumper, playplayer, learnlearner, visitvisitor, inventinventor 等。,注意：1) 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，在词尾加 -r。例如：drivedriver, writewriter 等。 2) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -er。例如：runrunner, winwinner， beginbeginner 等。 3. 在动词词尾加 -ing
5、变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)。例如： meetmeeting, buildbuilding, waitwaiting, washwashing, swimswimming, shopshopping, beginbeginning 等。,三、形容词变为副词的方法,一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等。但是，以下几点值得注意： 1. 一些以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词，要把 y 改为 i 再加 -ly。例如：happyhappily, angryangrily
6、, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily 等。 2. 有些以 -ble 或 -le 结尾的形容词，去掉 e 加 -y。例如：possiblepossibly, terribleterribly 等。,3. 少数以 e 结尾的形容词，要去掉 e 再加 -ly。例如：truetruly 等。但绝大多数以 e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加 -ly。例如：politepolitely, widewidely 等。 4. 以 -l 结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加 -ly，而不是只加 -y。除非是以 -ll 结尾的才在词尾只加 -y。例如：usualusuall
7、y, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully 等。,中考英语词汇专项复习词形转换,中考英语词形转换试题是考查考生运用英语语言基本知识的能力，属“综合运用型”的试题（一般约占卷面分值5% - 10 %）。考查的方式常有两种：一是在句末直接用括号给出被变换的词；二是给出一组（10个词）单词和一组句子（10个句子）要求选出对应的词进行词形变换，此类题型多了“选词”这道“门槛”。,答题时应立足两点，其一是“选”：认真阅读每一个句子，依据句子的含义选择正确的词，一般是固定短语、词组、惯用、句型搭配这类先选上，然后再仔细读题，缩小被选词的范围，直至每个词都在
8、句子的意义上找对自己的“家”；其二是依据所学的语法、词法、句法（或语感）等修饰关系的知识进行词形变换，写出正确的词形。 变换时考虑以下的情形：（1）、动词的形式：第三人称单数（或原形）、过去式、过去分词、动名词、不定式；（2）名词的单数与复数形式；（3）形容词（或副词）的比较级、最高级；（4）名词变为形容词，形容词变为副词，如：care（careful，carefully）；（5）动词变为名词（考虑单、复数）；（6）代词的主格、宾格、形容词性及名词性物主代词、反身代词；（7）、基数词变为序数词；（8）英语句子的惯用、固定搭配等。,例题讲解：,1、Mother wants to buy a ki
9、lo of _for supper. 简评：依据句子的意义，选“食物 tomato”，看前面的a kilo of ，因此正确形式为“tomatoes”。考查名词的复数形式。 2、This kind of food doesnt look very nice, but it _ delicious. 简评：依据句子的意义，选“taste”，为系表结构,与前句保持一致的时态,因此正确形式为“tastes”。考查系动词的第三人称单数形式。,Dolphins are very _ to people. 简评：此题为固定词组 be friendly to sb. ，因此用“friend”的形容词“fri
10、endly” 为正确的形式。考名词变为形容词的特殊情况。 The ship hit an iceberg and _ into the sea soon. 简评：依据句子的意义选动词“sink”，船“下沉”，前句“hit”为过去式，因此用“sink”的过去式“sank”为正确的形式。考查动词的过去式。,The Manned Spaceship landed _ in Inner Mongolia on October 16,2003. 简评：依据句子的意义是“成功着陆”，故选“success”符合,而“landed”是动词，因此用“success”的副词形式“successfully”为正确形
11、式。考查名词变为形容词，形容词再变为副词，而副词修饰动词。 Bob, do you know when Mothers Day is ? -Yes.Its on the _ Sunday of May. 简评：依据日常知识“母亲节是每年五月的第二个星期天”，因此用“two”的序数词“second”为正确形式。考查基数词变为序数词。,.Who was the _ in the long jump? 简评：依据句子的意义是“比赛的获胜者”，因此用“win”的名词“winner”，考据到“was”，故用“winner”单数为正确形式。考查动词变为名词（还要考虑单复数的情况）。 Their schoo
12、l is much _ than ours , but its more beautiful. 简评：依据句子的意义以及句中“much . than”可知用“small”的比较级“smaller”为正确形式。考查形容词的比较级。,Our English teacher has some ways of _ his classes interesting. 简评：依据句子的意义是“使课堂有趣”，选动词“make”符合题义，但“of”是介词，而介词后的动词要加ing（动名词）才符合英文的表达习惯。考查英语的惯用及修饰关系,常见词形变化表,ableunable achieve-achievement
13、 actactoractressactive adjust- adjustable advantagedisadvantage agreedisagree alonelonely AmericaAmerican annoyannoyedannoying AsiaAsian athleteathletic AustraliaAustralian,dangerdangerous decide-decision describe-description die-dead-death differencedifferentdifferently disagree-disagreement disapp
14、ointdisappointeddisappointing donatedonation easyeasily educateeducationeducational Egypt- Egyptian engineengineer enter-entrance Europe- European exciteexcitedexciting,balancebalanced beauty-beautiful Brazil-Brazilian brightbrightly build-building CanadaCanadian casualcasually center-central change
15、exchange-chance chemistrychemist chinaChinese choosechoice clear-clearly collectcollectioncollector communicatecommunication,confident-confidence courageencourage create-creative crowd-crowded fail-failure fairunfair familiarunfamiliar finalfinally flyflight followfollowing foreignforeigner forgetfo
16、rgetful fortunate-fortunately FranceFrench friendfriendship frustratefrustratingfrustrated furfurry,GermanyGerman golfgolfer Greece- Greek gym- gymnast headheadache healthhealthyunhealthy honestdishonest illillness importantimportanceunimportant includeincluding IndiaIndian interestinterestedinteres
17、ting interviewinterviewer inviteinvitation ItalyItalian knowledgeknowledgeable,leadleader live-alive loudloudlyaloud loveloving luckluckyluckilyunlucky meanmeaningmeans memorizememorymemorable musicmusicalmusician mysterymysterious nationnationalinternational naturenatural northnorthern organizeorga
18、nization,painpainful peacepeaceful performperformerperformance personpersonal physicsphysician pianopianist playplayer pleasantunpleasant pleasepleasedpleasant politeimpolitepolitely pollutepollutionpolluted popularpopularity possiblepossibly predictprediction produceproduct professorprofessional pr
19、ogramprogrammer pronouncepronunciation pushpushy,quickquickly rainrainy requirerequirement Russia- - Russian safesafety scared(恐惧的)scary(引起恐慌的) sciencescientificscientist seriousseriously silencesilent sleepsleepy slowslowly southsouthern southsouthern SpainSpanish specialspecially stomachstomachach
20、e strongstrongly,succeed-success-successful-successful-ly suggestsuggestion suitsuitable talenttalented tiredtiring toothtoothache tour-touristtouristy traditiontraditional traintraining translatetranslator truetruth usualunusualusually violinviolinist waitwaiterwaitress wakeawake westwestern withwi
21、thout wonderwonderful worryworriedworrying,. act v 扮演 活动 activity n 积极的 active a actor n 男演员 actress n 女演员、 begin v 开始beginning n 开始 开端 busy a 忙碌的 繁忙的 business n 生意 事务 公司 businessman n 男商人 businesswoman n 女商人,Australia n 澳大利亚 Australian adj澳大利亚的 澳大利亚人 Canada n 加拿大Canadian a加拿大的 N 加拿大人 care n 小心 关心 照
22、顾careful a 小心的 仔细的 carefully adv 小心地 change v 1改变 更改 2兑零钱changeable adj 易变的，可变的 choice n 选择choose v 选择 clear a 清晰的 v 清除clearly adv 清晰地 清楚地,danger n 危险dangerous a 危险的 dead a 死的die v 死 death n 死亡 decide v 决定 决心decision n 决心 develop v 发展development n 发展 培养 开发,different a 不同的difference n 差别 difficult a
23、困难的difficulty n 困难地 discuss v 讨论 discussion n讨论 down adv 向下downstairs adv 在楼下 往楼下 drive v 驾驶 驱赶 driver n驾驶员,easy a 容易的easily adv容易地 England n 英格兰English n 英国 Adj 英国的Englishman n 英国人 excited a 感到兴奋的exciting a 令人兴奋的 farm n 农场 农庄farmer n 农民,fly v 飞 驾驶 flight n 飞行 航班follow v 听从 跟随following n 下列的fool v 愚
24、弄 欺骗n 傻子foolish a 愚蠢的foreign a 外国的 foreigner n 外国人forget v 忘记forgetful a 健忘的,free a 自由的 空闲的 免费的freedom n 自由 friend n 朋友friendly a 友好的friendship n 友谊France n 法国French adj 法国的 法语的 N 法国人 法语fun n 乐趣事 有趣事 玩笑事funny a 滑稽的 可笑的 gold n 金 黄金golden a 金的 金黄的 German n 德国人 德语Germany n 德国health n 健康healthy a 健康的 un
25、healthy a 不健康的head n 头 头部headache n 头痛,heavy a 重的heavily adv 沉重地 大量地high a 高的 height n 高度 happy adj 幸福的 愉快的happily adv幸福地 愉快地help v/n 帮助helpful a 有帮助的 有益的 home n家homeless a无家可归的honest a诚实的 真正的honesty n诚实 dishonest a 不诚实的hungry a饥饿的hungrily adv饥饿地important a重要的importance n重要性,interest n兴趣 v使感兴趣intere
26、sted a使感兴趣的interesting a令人感兴趣的invent v发明invention n发明 发明物inventor n发明者invite v邀请invitation n邀请 请贴 Japan n日本Japanese n日本人 日语 Adj日本的know v 知道knowledge n知识 like v 喜欢dislike v不喜欢,loud a响亮的 大声的loudly adv 大声地love v/n 爱lovely a 可爱的 luck n幸运 运气lucky a 幸运的 吉祥的luckily adv幸运地 medicine n药 医学medical a 医药的 医疗的 me
27、mory n 记忆memorize v 记住meet v碰见 会见 迎接meeting n会议,mouse n老鼠mice n老鼠（复数） mix v 混合mixture n混合物nation n国家 民族national a国家的民族的nationality n国籍international a 国际的need v 需要 必要necessary a 必须的noise n声音 响声 噪声noisy adj 吵闹的 喧杂的,neighbour n邻居neihbourhood n邻接 临近 居住区 临近地区nature n 大自然natural adj 自然的 office n 办公室office
28、r n官员 办事员official adj 官员的open v 打开 开办adj 开着的opening n 孔 开口 开放organization n 组织 团体organize v 组织own adj 自己的 n 属于自己的东西 v拥有 所有owner n 拥有者 物主paint v 绘画 油漆 n 涂料 颜料painter n 画家 漆工painting n 绘画艺术 油画 水彩画 画physics n 物理学physical adj 物理的 身体的,pass v 1经过 路过 2传递 通过passport n 护照please v 请 使高兴 使满意pleasant a另人愉快的plea
29、sed a高兴的 满意的pleasure n 愉快 高兴 乐事 pollute v污染 弄脏pollution n污染possible adj 可能的，可能发生的 possibly adv 可能地 也许impossible adj 不可能的practise v 练习 操练practice n 练习 实践professional a职业的 专业的professor n 教授 quick a迅速的quickly adv迅速地,real a真的 真正的really adv真正地 确实地realize v认识到 意识到recent adj 最近的 近来的recently adv 最近地 近来地rob
30、v 抢劫robbery n 抢劫 抢劫案rain n 雨 v下鱼rainy adj雨的record v记录 唱片recorder n 录音机report n 报告 汇报 成绩单 v 报告 汇报reporter n 记者rule n规章 法规ruler n 尺,turn v转的 转向return v 回来 归还 返回sad a 悲伤的sadly adv 悲伤地 难过地safe a 安全的safely adv 安全地 safety n 安全save v 救 节约 储蓄say v 说saying n 谚语 俗语 格言science n 科学 自然科学scientist n 科学家 158 serio
31、us a 严重的seriously adv严重地sell v卖sale n出售 廉价出售serve v 为服务service n服务 公用事业,sight n 风景点sighting n 观光 游览sit v坐seat n座位sing v唱歌 唱song n歌曲slow a慢的slowly adv慢慢地soft a 软的 温柔的softly adj 温柔地 柔软地solve v 解决 解答solution n 解决 解答speak v 说 讲speaker n 演讲者speech n 发言 演讲succeed v 成功success n成功sun n太阳sunny a阳光充足的，晴朗的 sug
32、gest v 建议suggestion n建议,surprise n 惊奇surprised adj惊奇的 shop n商店 店铺v 购物shopping n去购物space n空间 太空spaceship n 宇宙飞船short a短的shorts n短裤snow v雪snowy a有雪的 多雪的teach v 教teacher n教师thank v/n谢谢thankful adj感谢的 感激的tooth n牙齿toothache n牙痛tour n在旅行tourist n 游客 旅游者tradition n 传统traditional a传统的,true adj 真的 真实的truth n
33、 真理 真相usual a通常的usually adv通常地unusual a 不寻常的use v使用 利用useful a 有用的used a习惯于 用旧的 visit v参观 访问visitor n 参观者 访问者 wait v等待 侍侯waiter n服务员（男）waitress n服务员（女）west n西方adv向西方western a西方的wide a宽广的 广泛的 widely adv宽广地 广泛地,win v赢得 获胜winner n 获胜者wise a 明智的 聪明的wisdom n 智慧with prep 与一起，带有 具有within prep 在范围内without p
34、rep 没有wonder v想知道 对感到奇怪 n 奇迹wonderful a极好的 精彩的 wood n木头wooden a木质的 wound v伤害 创伤wounded a 受伤的write v写 写作 写字writer n作家 week n星期 周weekday n工作日weekend n 周末,答题方法：,要做好该类题必须注意以下几点： 1. 通读全句，弄清句意； 2. 弄清所给单词的词义、词性以及具体要求。 3. 要考虑到该词所处的语境及其他词对它的限制； 4. 注意单词拼写务必正确。,用所给名词的正确形式填空。 1. The _ are going to France by air
35、. (Smith) 2. These coats are for women. _ coats are over there. (man) 3. Where are you going? Im going to my _. (uncle) 4. How many _ did you see on the hill? (boy) 5. Dont make any noise. The _ are sleeping. (baby) 6. _ like to play this game. (child) 7. He is wearing a pair of _. (glass) 8. How mu
36、ch are the _? (tomato) 9. There are many _ in the book. (photo) 10. The radio says it will be cloudy at _. (time),11. He said he had been there three _. (time) 12. A lot of _ are watching the football match. (people) 13. Two _ spoke at the meeting yesterday. (Japanese) 14. There are some _ in front
37、of the house. (sheep) 15. Please help yourself to some _. (fish) 16. There are many different _ in the lake. (fish) 17. He has caught ten _. (fish) 18. There are many _ over there. (factory) 19. The shop is one hundred _ away from here. (metre) 20. Both Tom and Jim are _ teachers. (man),1 Do the Smi
38、ths enjoy _ in China? (live) 2 Whose drawing is _, Toms, yours or Jims? (bad) 3 Its much too _ outside. (sun) 4 Theres too much _ outside. (sun) 5 Ann got _ with John last month. (marry) 6 He finished _ that book two days ago. (write) 7 They _ some books last week. (buy) 8 We were asked _ the classr
39、oom yesterday. (clean) 9 Look! The workers are busy _ machines. (make) 10. His fathers _ made him very sad. (die),11. He wants to be a doctor instead of _a teacher. (be) 12. The girl is always _about her missing cat. (worry) 13. Look! Some _ of blood are _ down from his finger. (drop) 14. Would you
40、like to come _with me? (swim) 15. -Thank you. Im very _ with your work.- Its a _. (please) 16. The 9 11 Accident _ in America on September 11, 2001. (happen) 17. Im tired. I cant walk any _. (far) 18. Every morning we can find some students _on the playground. (run) 19. I must try my _ to help other
41、s. (well) 20. Physics is _. Are you _in it? (interest),21. I really enjoy _to the light music. (listen) 22. Please keep the window _because the wind is blowing hard. (close) 23. Which do you think is more difficult, written English or _ English? (speak) 24. My classmate is better than me at _. (sing
42、) 25. Jim went to school in a hurry this morning without _ breakfast. (eat) 26. I want to know how to eat and drink _. (health) 27. Have you found your _car? (lose) 28. He was a famous writer in the _ century. (twenty) 29. Edison was one of the greatest _ in the world. (invent) 30. I think this CD p
43、layer is _to learn English. (help),31. _ you give him the book back or not, Ill tell the teacher. (if) 32. Our English teacher always makes her classes _. (live) 33. Unluckily, he was _hurt in this accident. (bad) 34. Their _ number is CA 322. (fly) 35. Trees can often prevent floods and _. (dry) 36
44、. Id like two _ sweaters for my daughter. (wool) 37. He went to _ last year and met a lot of friendly _. (German) 38. That is used for _ my bike. (lock) 39. Most of the international business letters are _ in English. (write) 40. Would you mind my _ the window? (open),41. Look! That young man is pra
45、cticing _English with my uncle. (speak) 42. Yesterday my friend felt _ill. (terrible) 43. Everyone should make a contribution to _ the environment. (protect) 44. Of all the students in our class, Lucy talks _ and does most. (little) 45. Listen! I hear someone _next door. (sing) 46. The sun always shines _ at this time of year. (bright) 47. Some _will come to visit our school. (foreign) 48. There _ great changes in our country since 1979. (be.) 49 My grandma told me an _ story last night. (usual）,
