1、第二部分 语法专题专题十一 非谓语动词,精讲必备考点,考点一 动词不定式作主语,考点二 动词不定式作宾语,考点三 动词不定式作宾语补足语,考点四 动词不定式的特殊句型,考点五 动词不定式作状语,考点六 疑问词 + 动词不定式,考点八 现在分词与过去分词,考点七 动名词与动词不定式,精讲必备考点(时态),我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用,充当谓语之外的其他句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)和动名词。 考点一 动词不定式作主语动词不定式是一种非限定动词,而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。动词不定式分为带to的不定式(t
2、o + 动词原形)和不带to的不定式。动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词,不受主语的人称和数的限制,但保留动词的性质。1. 动词不定式作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数。To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。,2. 动词不定式在句子中作主语时通常放在句末,而用it作形式主语,其结构为:It + be + adj. (+ for / of sb.) + 动词不定式。Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。It is not difficult to work out th
3、e problem. 做出这道题并不难。 【典例精析】 It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play,答案:C。,解析:it 是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。It takes sb. some time to do sth.,做某事花费某人多长时间。,考点二 动词不定式作宾语1. 一些动词后可跟动词不定式作宾语。这类动词主要有:want,wish,like,decide,help,try,begin,forget,learn,ask,agree,hope,promise等。2. f
4、ind,think,make,believe等动词后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语而把真正的宾语动词不定式短语放在句末。 【典例精析】 1. The children decide _ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned,解析:decide后接动词不定式作宾语,意为“决定做某事”。,答案:B。,2. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talk B. t
5、alked C. talking D. to talk,解析:find + it + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.发现做某事是的,it作形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语。,答案:D。,考点三 动词不定式作宾语补足语,【典例精析】 Our teacher often asks us _ questions in groups. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed,解析:ask sb. to do. sth. 要求某人做某事,动词不定式作宾语。,答案:B。,考点四 动词不定式的特殊句型1. too . to
6、 . 太而不能The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小还不能照顾自己。2. . enough to . 足够He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。,3. Why dont you + 不带to的不定式? = Why not + 不带to的不定式?Why dont you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢?4. had better + (not) + 不带to的不定式最好(不)Youd
7、 better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。5. Will you please + 不带to的不定式? 你能吗?Will you please close the door? 你能把门关上吗?6. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money. 她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。,【典例
8、精析】 Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains. A. to go B. going C. go D. went,解析: “形容词或副词+enough to+动词原形”为固定结构,其意为“足够可以”。,答案:A。,考点五 动词不定式作状语1. 表目的。在强调这种目的状语时,不定式前可加in order或so as,动词不定式也可放在句首,使其所表示的目的更加明显突出。2. 表结果。 通常有以下结构too . to .(太而不能);.enough + 不定式 ;be + 形容词+ 不定式;so . as to .(如此以致于)。 3. 表原因。
9、 【典例精析】 1. Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, youd better try different ways you can think of _ words and expressions. A. remember B. to remember C. remembering,解析:you can think of为定语,修饰前面的先行词ways。动词不定式在这里作目的状语。,答案:B。,2. He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. fetched B. to fetch
10、 C. fetching D. fetches,解析:动词不定式在这里作目的状语。句意为:他匆忙回家去取书包。,答案:B。,考点六 疑问词 + 动词不定式疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等词后可加动词不定式,构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 【典例精析】 Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ my car? Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D.
11、when to park,解析: “疑问副词 + 不定式”在句中作宾语。park指“停放车辆”,stop指“停止、阻止某物、人”,句意为:打扰一下,你能告诉我应该把车停在哪里吗?,答案:B。,考点七 动名词与动词不定式. 只能接动名词的动词动名词具有名词的功能,在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,keep,give up等。He hasnt finished reading the novel. 他还没有看完那部小说。We must practise speaking English every day. 我们必须
12、每天练习说英语。. 既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,need,remember,forget,try,stop等动词后,既可以用动名词作宾语,也可以用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同。,I remembered to post the letter. 我记得要发信。(信还没发)I remembered posting the letter. 我记得发过信了。(信已经发了)He stopped singing. 他停止唱歌。(不再唱)He stopped to sing. 他停下来并开始唱歌。(停下正在做的事,开始唱). 感官动词
13、后接动词不定式或动名词感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式,也可接动名词;接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程”,接动名词时指“瞬间动作”。I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我总是听到那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。,【典例精析】 Dont forget _ the classroom tomorrow afternoon. Thanks. I wont. to keep clean B. cleaning C. sweeping D. to clean up,解析:forget后面跟动词不定式时,意为“忘记要做某事”,表示还没有做某事,forget后面跟动名词时,意为“忘记做过某事”,表示已经做了某事。根据时间状语tomorrow afternoon可知,事情还没有做,所以用不定式,排除B与C,keep clean意为“保持干净”,clean up意为“打扫”。,答案:D。,考点八 现在分词与过去分词,developing country 发展中国家(正在发展的) developed country 发达国家(已经发展了的),