1、,TEM-4,Vocabulary & Grammar七、复合句中的从句（必考点）,七、从属分句,复合句=主句+,Vocabulary & Grammar,从句,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,关系代词的选择、 限制性和非限制性 定语从句的区别,时间、地点、比较 、原因、结果、程度、 目的、条件、让步 方式状语从句,主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句,七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句,有关定语从句： a. 定义： 在复合句中充当定语，修饰先行词 b. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 c. 关系词： 引导定语从句的词，起连接作用关系代词： who/whom/whose/which/
2、that代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分 （主/宾/表语等）关系副词： when/where/why 作状语 定语从句结构：先行词+关系代/副词+从句,Vocabulary & Grammar,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句,1. The party,_ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. (06-53)A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which 2. He is quite worn out from years of har
3、d work. He is not the man_ he was twenty years ago. (03-52)A. which B. that C. who D. whom,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句,D,B,在以下情况，关系代词只用that a. 先行词是不定代词（all/anything/everything/little/much/none/something/the one.etc） b. 先行词由形容词最高级或者first/last/only/some/no/very修饰时 c. 先行词由两个或两个以上兼有人和物,Vocabula
4、ry & Grammar,七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句,as 用作关系代词,引导定语从句，主要和 such连用We have such grapes as you never saw. He returned with such provisions as were needed. (见第一节) but 用作关系代词,引导定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，先行词可以是人或物，意思接近that(who)not There is no tree but bears some fruit. =There is no tree that doesnt bear any fruit. 没有不结果实的
5、树。There are very few but admire your talent. =There are very few who do not admire your talent. 没人不佩服你的才华,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句,e.g. Nearly all the students in my class are grateful to him because there was not a single student _learnt a lot from him.A. that B. who C. but D. what,Voca
6、bulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句,C,1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词主要有：when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, directly, immediately, hardly (scarcely)when, no soonerthan a. 如果位于when 引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或”was/were about to, was/were on the point of ”等结构时，when表示突然发生“正在突然
7、”或 “刚就”.在这种情况不用 as或者while代替when. e.g. We were about to leave when it began to rain. while(当 时候)表示延续性的动作或状态as表示(当 时候)可与when/while替换,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：状语从句,b. (ever)since引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句要用完成时态 c. 在no soonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen从句中，主句要用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时,如果 no sooner, hardly, scarcely在句首
8、，主句倒装，had放在主语前面。 e.g. The couple had no sooner got to the station_than_the coach left. (2009)刚到车站，车就出发了。 d. the moment/the minute/immediately/directly/instantly也可引导时间状语从句 e. 需用完成时态的时间状语从句： by the time, it is/was the first timeI have/had/,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：状语从句,2.条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词主要有：if/if o
9、nly/unless/as long as/ on condition that/ provided/providing/supposing/in case (见第六节 真实条件句和虚拟语气) 3. 原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词主要有：because/ as/since/ now that(既然)/ seeing that/considering that/ in that（因为、在于）/in as/so much as (因为)/not thatbut that 4. 目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句的引导词主要有：so that/in order that/lest/for fe
10、ar that 结果状语从句的引导词主要有：so/such.that/with the result that,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：状语从句,5. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句的引导词主要有：much as, though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/what/where/when/for all that/in spite of (the fact that) .Etc. e.g.1 _, Mr. Wells is s
11、carcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005) A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a scocialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist 2 _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008)A. Much though B. Much as C. As
12、 much D. Though much 3 _I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. (2001)A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：状语从句,A,B,C,as /though 引导让步从句，要倒装,强调的部分置于句首 e.g. Young as he was/ Child as he was, he could speak four languages.= Young though
13、 he was/ Child though he was.=Though he was youngfor all （that）表示让步，that可省略=in spite of (the fact that) e.g. Which of the following italicized phrase indicates purpose? (2011)A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously. B. For all its effort, the team didnt win the matchC. Linda has worked
14、 for the firm for 20 years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：状语从句,A,6.比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词主要有：asas/ not so(as)as/ morethan/the morethe more/ just asso/A is to B what C is to D/nomore/lessthan/not so much as (见第二节比较结构)7. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句的引导词主要有：as/ as if/as though/ the way/ ju
15、st asso e.g. Just as water is to fish, so is air to man. Treat others the way you want to be treated.,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：状语从句,名词性从句在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或者同位语，语序为陈述句语序。 1. 主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句 a. 从属连词that/whether/if只起连接作用，连接从句，不再从句中充当句子成分。 b. 连接代词what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)/whom(ever)既连接从句，又在从句中充当
16、从句的成分 c. 连接副词 when/where/ how/ why既连接从句，又在从句中作相应的副词充当状语,七、从属分句：名词性从句,Vocabulary & Grammar,主语从句 在句中作主语，一般放在句首，多用 it作形式主语来代替 e.g. That he survived the car accident is a miracle. = It is a miracle that heWhether he comes or not makes bo difference. =It makes no difference whether he comes or not. It is
17、 a mystery how the prisoner escaped. 结构：It is +名词/ 形容词/分词+连接代/副词主语从句what/whatever/whoever/whichever 引导主语从句，一般不用 it作形式主语,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：名词性从句,Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?(2011)A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face
18、the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.,七、从属分句：名词性从句,Vocabulary & Grammar,D,表语从句 表语从句位于系动词之后，作复合句的表语，引导表语从句的that可以省略 表语从句的种类： a. 由that引导 e.g. My point is that you
19、may have to face the problem. b. 由连接代/副词引导 e.g. Thats why I came here. Thats where the battle took place. c. 由关系代词what引导 e.g. Thats what I want.,七、从属分句：名词性从句,Vocabulary & Grammar,宾语从句 a. 由that引导 e.g. I knew she was wrong. b.由it作形式宾语 e.g. I found it a terrible thing that you should have talked like t
20、hat. c. 由连接代/副词引导 e.g. She was curious to know where we had been.d. 由whether/if引导 e.g. I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favor. f. 由关系代词型 what引导， whatever/whichever/whomever e.g. Who is responsible for what has happened? (作介词宾语)u I will do whatever you wish.,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：名词性从
21、句,连词whether/if的区别 a. Whether可以和or连用 e.g. Whether she is coming or not is still unknown. b. Whether在介词后，引导宾语从句e.g. It depends on whether c. 与不定式连用 e.g. I am not sure whether to leave or stay on.,七、从属分句：名词性从句,Vocabulary & Grammar,同位语从句 在句中作同位语，对名词进一步解释，一般由that引导，that在同位语从句中不能省略，也可由whether或者how来引导 e.g.
22、 I got the news that he had left last night. They put forward the question how/where we could get such a loan. 常见的跟同位语从句的名词有：fact/belief/opinion/hope/idea/news/rumor/problem/truth/discovery/thought/ etc.同位语从句和定语从句区别： 1. 同位语从句是名词性从句，补充说明名词，连接词that只起连接作用，不作从句句子成分2. 定语从句是形容词性从句，修饰先行词，代替先行词在句中充当某个成分,Voc
23、abulary & Grammar,七、从属分句：名词性从句,a. 及物动词、介词后若出现从句，则多为名词性从句宾语从句，构成动宾、介宾结构 b. 系动词后出现从句，则多为名词性从句表语从句，构成系表结构 c. 不及物动词后若出现从句，则多为副词性从句各类状语从句 d. 名词、代词后若出现从句，则为形容词性从句定语从句或者同位语从句，这时，从句功能来判断。,七、从属分句,Vocabulary & Grammar,连词that和what的区别that：a. 可引导定语从句, 代替先行词并作句子成分，使从句缺失成 分完整b. 引导名词性从句，只起连接作用what：引导名词性从句，且在从句中充当句子
24、成分e.g.1. Quality is _ counts most. (2008)A. Which B. that. C. what D. where 2. After_ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office. (2010)A. that B. it C. what D. there3. Men differ from animals_they can think and speak. (2008)A. for which B. for that C. in that D.
25、in which in介词后应为宾语从句，且从句成分完整，in that可连接原因状语，表示因为,七、从属分句,Vocabulary & Grammar,C,C,C,连词 who和no matter who的区别whoever：a. 引导名词性从句或者状语从句e.g. We will treat whoever comes as our friend. Whoever breaks a law deserves a fine. b. 引导让步状语从句e.g. Whoever comes/ No matter who comes, well treat him as our friend.No
26、matter who 指引导让步状语从句 e.g. No matter who breaks a law, he deserves a fine. Whoever breaks a law deserves a fine.,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句,1. The government has promised to do_ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.(2004)A. however B. whichever C. whateve
27、r D. wherever 2. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009)A. Whatever B. whenever C. Whichever D. However,Vocabulary & Grammar,七、从属分句,C,A,Drill,1. I dont doubt_he can finish the task on time.A. why B. that. C. whether D. when 2. I doubt_they can swim across t
28、he river. A. why B. that. C. whether D. when 3. I doubt_he is the murderer because he is not on the scene at that moment. A. why B. that. C. whether D. when 4. I have doubts_ everyone present has about_he is telling the truth. A. why, if B. that, whether C. whether, whom D. when, which 5. _ me most
29、was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet. A. That amazed B. It amazed C. Which amazed D. What amazed,B,C,B,B,D,6. _ before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success. A. Though having never acted B. As he had never actedC.
30、 Despite he had never acted D. In spite of his never having acted 7. Bit by bit, a child makes the necessary changes to make his language _.A. as other people B. as other peoples C. like other people D. like other peoples 8. The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles, _ have been m
31、entioned in previous chapters. A. A few of which B. a few of them C. a few of those D. A few of that 9. _ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white been B. white has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as white D. Unpopular as white has been 10. Television enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment_A. which they are happening B. they are happening C. which they happen D. they have happened,D,D,A,D,B,
