1、,定语从句（一）,Attributive clause Attributive clause,,Contents,用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。,定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。,,引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。,,This is the book that my father boug
2、ht me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。 句中修饰 the book 的 that my father bought me yesterday 就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。 The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。 句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。,,关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用who
3、m或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。,,This is the man who helped me yesterday.这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。see的宾语，可省略 I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父
4、亲是宇航员。(作定语) Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语）,,This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。,,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.
5、 The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,the machine,a machine,Do activity 1,,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,a machine,that /which,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,he
6、r,The girl,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yeste
7、rday is Mary.,her,The girl,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,,The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.,,Beijing,Whatre these?,Theyre cats _,先行词 /关系词（做主语=cats）,What do they look like?,-Theyre cats.,They have whit
8、e hair.,That / which have white hair.,合并句子,,He makes a lot of money.,He is more than 2 meters tall.,Yao Ming is an athlete_,Yao Ming is an athlete_,He is an athlete.,Guess who he is!,who makes a lot of money.,who is more than 2 meters tall,,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail
9、_ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,Do activity 2 用关系代词填空,,5. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,7. The
10、 man _ leg broke in amatch used to be a football player.,6. Yesterday Emily was wearing thenew dress _ I gave her.,,8. My parents live in a house_is more than 100 years old.,9. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,10. Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.,which/that,
11、,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,,关系代词在从句中可以：,做宾语时可以省略,,习惯上要用that引导的定语从句,(1)先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, none, anything, everything, nothing, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了 He will tell you everything that he heard about it.
12、他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 There is little work that is fit for you. 没什么工作适合你做。 I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。,,(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very 等修饰时。 This is the first film that I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。 This is the best that
13、 has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。 This is the very book that I am looking for. 这 正是我一直在寻找的那本书。,,3)先行词包括人和物时,They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。 (4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。 Which is the house that caught fire las
14、t night? 昨晚失火的是那座房子？ Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁？,,习惯上不用that引导的定语从句,(1)在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。 Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excided. 昨天我碰到了玛丽，她显得非常兴奋。 (2)直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。 The house in which we live is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。,,I know the
15、 young man with whom you live. 我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。 但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which, who替代whom，也可以省略关系代词. The house (which/that) we live in is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。 I know the man (whom/who/that) you live with. 我认识和你住在一起的那个人。,,None so blind as those who wont see. 睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎。 Anyone who is over sixteen is a
16、llowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。 I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。,(3)当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用 who。,,(4)当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时 I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。 A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you Ger
17、man. 有位新校长明天来，他将教你们德语。,,1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever w
18、orked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,Do activity 3 that, which or who?,,that , which ,whose, whom or who?,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ has the money can join the
19、group. 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,who,which,which,whom,whose,,关系副词的一般用法,关系副词有when, where, why，在定语
20、从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, 等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, situation等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。,,Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused
21、our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.,on the day=when,in the house=where,for the reasons=why,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,,I will never forget the days _I was in Canada. The company _he is working is one of the biggest in the city The reason _he was late today is traffic jam.,In/on which,In/at which,for which,Do activity 4 用关系副词填空,when,where,why,,关系代词,关系副词,状语 状语 状语,who that whom which whose,人 物/人 人 物 某人/某物的,when where why,,Thank you!,Bye-bye,
