1、Noun Clause 名词性从句,1、主语从句 (1) That he will come is certain. (2) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容词+that从句,It is/was certain that clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible,（1）It is certain that she will do well in
2、her exam. （2） It is probable that he told me everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,It is / was a pity that clauseshameduty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,It is said that clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown
3、,(1) It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives badly.,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.,2. 引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。 注意：whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句：w
4、hether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。,（1） 在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.,（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether，不用if,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.,（3）引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if Whether well go depends on the we
5、ather.The question is whether it is worth doing.,(4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.,Please tell me whether to go or not.,这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。(1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening.(2) We were not surprised that he returned three days later th
6、an expected.,3、某些形容词的宾语从句：,(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing.(4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.(2) He has m
7、ade it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider.,4、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。,(1) They expres
8、sed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.(2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.(3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.(4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.(5) They problem whether it is right or wrong has no
9、t yet been decided.,1、语序在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：,(1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when wellcomplete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,2、时态：学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓
10、语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,（1）在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：,Mary says that,Tom isnt lazy. Tom is doing well in his lesson. She will ask Tom some questions. Tom may fall behind the others.,She missed us very much. She was writing a letter. She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾
11、语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：,如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：,(1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.(2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,在动词think, believe, expect, suppose, guess等后带that宾语从句时，若从句是否定句，常将否定词not转移到主句中。如：,3、宾语从句的否定转移：,I dont think (that) it will
12、 be cold today. We dont think you can do it, can you?,注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来后问，后问部分应于从句主语一致。 I dont believe she know it, does she?,4、几组易混引导词的区别。,(1) What 与 that在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、话。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省
13、略。如：,(1) What you have done might do harm to others.(2) What caused the accident is a complete mystery .(3)I think (that) you will like the stamps.,2、whether与ifwhether与if在前面已经说过. 3、because与whybecause与why均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如：,(1) I think its because youre
14、doing too much. (2) He was ill . That is why he was late for school. (3) The reason why he was late was that he was ill.,1、My hometown is no longer_it used to be.（ ）,练习题：,A、that B、what C、when D、which,B,2、They wonder_ their son was getting along with his study.（ ）,A、whether B、that C、what D、how,D,3、_
15、he is living now is not known to anybody.（ ）,A、When B、If C、Whether D、Why,C,4、Word came _ I was invited to attend the meeting.（ ）,A、which B、when C、where D、that,D,5、The fact _ we were interested in _ all of them.（ ）,A、that; was surprised B、which; surprised C、what; was surprised D、when; surprised,B,6、_
16、 the scientist who gave us a talk will go abroad.（ ）,A、It said that B、It says when C、It is said that D、He is said,C,8、_ I cant understand is _ he changed his mind.（ ）,A、That; that B、What; why C、Which; how D、That; why,B,10、The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is _ he had to look after his s
17、ick mother at home.（ ）,A、that; because B、why; for C、for; that D、why; that,D,11、We all know the truth _ the earth _ round the sun.（ ）,A、if; moved B、that; moves C、why; move D、whether; move,B,12、_ he said at the meeting is very important to us.（ ）,A、That B、What C、Which D、Whether,B,13、_ the baby could s
18、peak made his parents very happy.（ ）,A、That B、What C、Why D、If,A,14、All the books are here .You may borrow _ you like.（ ）,A、which B、what C、whichever D、that,C,15、Each of the blind men trusted that he knew _.（ ）,A、how the beast looked like B、how was the beast like C、what was the beast like D、what the beast was like,D,16、That is _ he was often late for school.（ ）,A、what B、that C、why D、whether,C,20、He suggested that we _ to the cinema.（ ）,A、go B、shall go C、are going D、will go,A,
