1、(一)本类词有hard,hardly;late,lately;most,mostly等等,这两种副词形式含义完全不同,所以 ,使用时不易引起混淆。 1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。 He hardly works at all.他很少干活。 2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗? 3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast.说得最多的人常常干得最少。 The audience consist
2、ed mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。,2013-10-9,Building better students,1,4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京 ,而是绕道上海。 He will be here directly.他马上就来。 5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住。 Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐。 6.Pl
3、ease stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前。 He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。 7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。 Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很 漂亮。,2013-10-9,Building better students,2,二)这类词主要有wide,widely;close, closely ;high,highly等 等,这两种副词形式不同,含义 也有差别,但是没有第一
4、类的区别明显,而且 翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含 义及用法上的 主要特点是:不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测 量性和可见性;而 以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。 这时,这些词大都具有“greatly“和“extremely“的含义。,2013-10-9,Building better students,3,1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看 见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞 着? The distinguished guests w
5、ere highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。 2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。 We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很 大。 3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付 很高的价钱。 You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。,2013-10-9,Building better students,4,4.She stood clo
6、se against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。 The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。 5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低。 He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。 6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。 You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。 7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。
7、 The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘 客。 8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大。 Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力。,2013-10-9,Building better students,5,(三)这类词主要有slow,slowly;quick,quickly等等异形同义词。当然,现代英语的语言规范性要求 用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有
8、不同的倾向性。在此,主要 探讨一下在什么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式。同时, 把第二类中一些适应于下列规则的词也包括进去。 总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有下列 四种:,2013-10-9,Building better students,6, 用作比较级或最高级时: 1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker. 艾伦走得很快,但乔治走得更快 。 2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder. 那些人在大
9、声争吵着,但 是警察喊叫得更响。 3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still. 汽车走得越来越慢,最后停了下 来。 4.Lets see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快。 5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问 题。,2013-10-9,Building better students,7, 有“so“或“too“修饰时: 1.It all happened so quick that I could do not
10、hing. 这一切发生得如此之快以致于我手足无措无法对付了。 2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow. 不可能赶上他了,你的车太慢了。 3.Dont talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话,孩子已经睡了。,2013-10-9,Building better students,8, 用于修饰表示移动、天气等常用动词时: 1.Come quick; we are waiting for you. 快来,我们在等你。 2.Drive slow; this part of t
11、he road is dangerous.车开慢一点,这段 路很危险。 3.The sun shines bright.阳光明媚。 4.When we left the shelter, the snow was falling thick and the wind was blowing cold. 我们离开那棚屋时,正下着大雪,刮着寒风。,2013-10-9,Building better students,9, 在固定词组中或当用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时: 1.Take it easy.不要紧张。 2.Stand firm and hold it tight.站稳抓牢。 3.He o
12、ften plays high.他赌注常下得很大。 4.The secretary copied the rough draft of her manager out fair. 秘书把经理那份粗潦的草稿很清楚地誊写出来。 5.They were drinking deep in the fort deep into the night. 他们在城堡中痛饮到深夜。,2013-10-9,Building better students,10,以上三类词中第一类较易区别、掌握和使用。对于后两类词,在判别使用哪一种副词形式时一 般可以考虑以下几个原则: 第一是具体性与抽象性的原则。在表示实实在在的物
13、体活动、位置移动或具体可见 的状况和变化时,常使用不带-ly的副词形式,如:climb high,live close by,open wide,sink deep,tu rn sharp right; 反之,具有抽象含义的动词常用以-ly结尾的副词,如:think highly of,look closely into,love dearly等等。,2019/5/28,11,第二个原则就是常用固定搭配与灵活搭配的不同。在一些固定词组或经常搭配使用 的词组中,不带-ly 的副词形式使用得很多, 如aim high,run high,fight fair,go easy with,drink d
14、eep,sleep sound 等等。 第三个原则是口语体与标准体的使用区别。,2013-10-9,Building better students,12,bright & brightly 两者都可表示“明亮地”,但bright通常只与shine连用,且应置于其后,而brightly则可与其他动词(或分词等)连用,且可置于动词之前或之后: The stars were shining bright brightly. 星光灿烂。 The temple is brightly painted. 这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。,Building better students,2013-10-9,13,
15、cheap & cheaply 两者均可表示“便宜地”、“廉价地”,但前者主要与表示“买”(如buy, get, pick up等)或“卖”(如sell)之类的动词连用,且置于其后;后者用法较广,可置于动词之前或之后: The radio was cheaply bought was bought cheap. 这收音机买得很便宜。 The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具。,2013-10-9,Building better students,14,Clear & clearly 两者均可表示“清晰地”、“不模糊地”,有时可换用,但是若其前有修饰语
16、,则只能用clearly: He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly). 他说得既宏亮又清楚。 He spoke quite very clearly. 他说得很清楚。,2013-10-9,Building better students,15,Deep & deeply 两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”,修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换: The doctor asked me to breathe deep deeply. 医生叫我做深呼吸。 修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等,通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply): He sat there deep in thought
17、. 他坐在那儿深思。 The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议一直开到深夜。 Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。 修饰带有感情色彩的动词(如 hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等),通常要用 deeply,另外,修饰形容词、过去分词等,一般也要用 deeply: He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。 We deeply regret your misfortune. 我们对你的
18、不幸深表遗憾。 I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。 He was deeply moved by at the story. 听了这个故事,他深受感动。,2013-10-9,Building better students,16,direct & directly 两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”,但direct 通常只位于动词之后,而 directly 则可位于动词之前或之后: We flew direct directly to Paris. 我们直飞巴黎。 Youd better write direct directly to her. 你最好直
19、接给她写信。 His speech directly affected the strike. 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。,2013-10-9,Building better students,17,Easy & easily easy用作副词通常只用于某些特定的表达中: Take it things easy. 别着急(慢慢来)。 Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。 Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。 而easily 的用法则很广,除表示“容易地”、“轻而易举地”外, 还可表示“无疑地”、“可能地”,可用于动词之前或之后: I can easi
20、ly finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。 She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。,2013-10-9,Building better students,18,firm & firmly firm 用作副词的用法十分有限,通常只能与 stand, hold, stay 等少数动词连用,且位于动词之后;而firmly 的用法则十分广泛,且可位于动词之前或之后: Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。 They stood firm again
21、st the war. 他们坚决反对战争。 I firmly believe that it is true. 我坚信那是真的。 The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。 【注】hold firmly 通常用于本义,指“紧紧握住”;而 hold firm 则通常用于引申义,指“坚持(原则、理想、信仰等)”。,2013-10-9,Building better students,19,free & freely free用作副词意为“免费地”、“松动地”,总是位于动词之后;freely的意思很多,可以表示“自由
22、地”,“随便地”,“无限制地”,“心甘情愿地”,“慷慨地”等,可位于动词之前或之后: Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。 You may speak freely. 你可以直言。 I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我心甘情愿承认我弄错了。,2013-10-9,Building better students,20,high & highly 两者均可表示“高”,但high通常表示具体的高,且主要修饰动词;highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”),除修饰动词(如 speak, praise, th
23、ink of等)外,还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于 very much): He climbed high. 他爬得很高。 He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。 His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。 She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。 【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中,通常要用 high:high-priced 高价的,2013-10-9,Building better students,21,Quick &
24、 quickly 两者均可表示“快”,在口语中,一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时),并且总是放在动词之后;若放在动词之前,一般用quickly: Come quick(ly). Theres been an accident. 快来,出事故了。 You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。 He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。,2013-10-9,Building better students,22,slow & slowly 两者都可表示“慢”,但slow通常只与少数动词(如 go, dr
25、ive, pass, climb, run, walk 等)连用,且应置于其后;而slowly则用法较广,且可置于动词之前或之后,有时还可置于句首: He walked slowly slow up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。 She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。 Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。 【注】在某些特殊句型(如感叹句等)中,slow也可放在主语之前: How slow slowly the time passes! 时间过得真慢! The slower you drive,
26、 the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。,2013-10-9,Building better students,23,Tight & tightly 两者均可表示“紧紧地”,但tight通常只用于动词之后,而tightly则可用于动词之前或之后: Please hold it tight tightly.请紧紧握住它。 We were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。,2013-10-9,Building better students,24,Too 1. 表示“也”,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,不用于否定句;在否定句中要用
27、either。如: He doesnt like it, either. 他也不喜欢它。 不过,它可用于否定疑问句。如: Wont you come, too? 你要不要也来呢? 注意,有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句,表示“没有也”,此时要用too。如: He went to Washington, but not to New York too. 他去了华盛顿,但并不是也去了纽约。 比较下面两句: He didnt buy a computer, and she didnt either. 他没有买电脑,她也没有买。 He bought a computer, but she didnt to
28、o. 他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑。,2013-10-9,Building better students,25,2. 表示“太”且其后修饰一个“a / an+形容词+名词”结构时,习惯上要改为“too +形容词+a+名词”。如: Its too good a chance to miss. 这个机会太好,不能错过。,2013-10-9,Building better students,26,3. 与cant, can never, impossible等连用,表示“越越好”“无论也不算过分”,注意不要从字面理解。如: One can never be too careful. 越仔细越好
29、。 It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。 You cant watch your accounts too carefully. 账再仔细注意也不为过。,2013-10-9,Building better students,27,4. 关于tooto结构应注意的几点: (1) 其中的不定式表结果,且表否定意义,若在不定式前加用否定词,则构成否定之否定(即肯定)。如: He is too wise not to see that. 他是那样聪明,不会看不到这一点。 (2) 其中的不定式通常用一般式,但若语境需要,有时也可用完成式。如:
30、Youre far too clever to have done that. 你很聪明,不会做出这事来的。,2013-10-9,Building better students,28,(3) 若要指明其中不定式的逻辑主语,可在不定式前用for sb结构。如: The road was too narrow for cars to pass. 路很窄,汽车过不去。 Hes too old for you to marry. 他比你大得多,你不宜嫁给他。 (4) 当句子主语与tooto结构中的不定式有动宾关系时,其中的不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如: This coffee is too
31、hot to drink. 这咖啡太烫,不能喝。 但是,有时直接用被动式也是可能的。如: It was still too high be reached. 它仍然太高,伸手拿不到。,2013-10-9,Building better students,29,在某些特定结构(如不定式为双宾动词等)中,其中的不定式可能用被动式更合适。如: He was too young to be assigned such work. 他太年轻,不能分配给他那样的工作。 He was too young to be entrusted with such a task. 他年纪太轻不宜委以这样的任务。 注意
32、,有些情况必须要用被动式,否则,意思不同。比较: She is too ill to move. 她病得很厉害,动弹不得。 She is too ill to be moved. 她病得很厉害,经不住转移。 He is too busy to write a letter. 他太忙,没时间写信。 He is too busy to be written a letter. 他太忙,不能给他写信。,2013-10-9,Building better students,30,(5) 在下列情况下,tooto结构不表否定意义(且其中的不定式也不表结果): 与kind, ready, anxious,
33、 glad, pleased, delighted, easy, willing, eager等形容词连用时,此时 too之前通常有 only, all, but, simply, just等词修饰。如: Id be only too glad to help. 我非常愿意帮帮忙。 Hes too anxious to get home sooner. 他急盼着早点回家。 当句首有形式主语it,其后的不定式用作真主语时。如: It would be too costly to repair the car. 修理这辆汽车要花很多钱。 在某些结构中不定式不是用作状语而是用作定语时。如: Ive
34、got too much work to do. 我要做的工作太多了。,2013-10-9,Building better students,31,Even 1. 表示“甚至”,通常应放在被修饰词语之前,否则会引起含义的变化。比较: Even now he doesnt believe me. 甚至到现在他还不相信我。(其他时候就不用说了) Now even he doesnt believe me. 现在连他都不相信我了。(其他人就更不会相信我了) Now he doesnt even believe me. 现在他甚至不相信我了。(其他方面的事就更不可能了) Now he doesnt b
35、elieve even me. 现在他甚至连我都不相信了。(其他人就更不会相信了),2013-10-9,Building better students,32,2. 用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示“比(已经的)更加”。如: Your cooking is even worse than Harrys. 你的烹饪技术甚至比哈里还差。 Sally drives fast, but Olive drives even faster. 萨莉开车开得很快,奥利夫开得更快。 You seem even more stupid than usual today. 你今天好像比平时更加笨了。,2013-1
36、0-9,Building better students,33,3. even 是副词,不是连词,所以不要误用它引导从句。如: 就算你看见是他拾起的钱,你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。 误:Even you saw him pick up the money, you cant be sure he stole it. 正:Even if you saw him pick up the money, you cant be sure he stole it. 另外,它也不能用介词,将它误用作介词也是初学者常犯的错误。如: 我即便听了他的解释,仍然不明白。 误:Even listening to hi
37、s explanation Im none the wiser. 正:Even after listening to his explanation Im none the wiser.,2013-10-9,Building better students,34,This/that Would you say something more about it? Im afraid I cant I only know _ much. A. such B. too C. very D. that,2013-10-9,Building better students,35,that在这里用作副词,意
38、为“那么”,类似地this也可用作副词,意为“这么”,它们这样用时,可以修饰形容词或副词。如: This problem isnt that simple. 这个问题不那么简单。 I have never been this sick before. 我以前从未病得这样严重。 Ive never come this far before. 我以前从未来过这么远。 He must be six foot tall. 他准有6英尺高。 Is he that tall? 他有那么高吗?,2013-10-9,Building better students,36,He is a chubby fellow, _ in his fifties. A about B somewhere C probably D somehow Education _ cant solve the environment problem. A only B alone C lone D just,2019/5/28,37,