1、动词和动词短语,对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。,一、常考的十类动词及词组 1连系动词特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种： (1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。 (2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。,(3) 状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep, rema
2、in, stand, lie, stay, prove等。 (4) 外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。 2感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。常考的使役动词有make, have, keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：,He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pock
3、et of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting【解析】 D catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。,3 不用被动语态的动词及动词短语英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。 (1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。这类动词有：sell, wash,
4、 write, last, read, wear等。如：This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。,(2) 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，clos
5、e(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如：This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。,(3) 某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词及词组有：happen, occur, cost，come out(出版)，turn up(被找到)，come into being(产生)，come to ones mind(想起)，come into use(开始使用), turn out
6、(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：,The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪 Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个主意。 Who is to blame for breaking the
7、 vase?打碎花瓶应由谁负责？ The problem finally came up at the meeting. 这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。 Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong. 即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。,(4) “主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如：The physics problem is e
8、asy to work out.这道物理题很容易算出来。A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。,4 接动名词作宾语的动词或词组常见的有：avoid, cant help, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny,
9、 forbid等。如：The bird was lucky to escape being caught.这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。He is always practicing playing the piano after school.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。,5 接不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，want等。如：He
10、 cant afford to buy such an expensive car.他买不起这么贵的车。Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。,6 表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。 7 接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、
11、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形，其中should常可省略。它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。如：,Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。 8 表示“计划未能实现”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。如：I
12、had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldnt because of another important meeting.,9现在表将来类这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等。如：Your plane takes off
13、at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。 10带介词to的动词短语带介词to的动词短语有：be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v. ing形式。Peter suggested that Tom go there at once.彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。,二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语 1.以break为中心 break away from 脱
14、离，逃离 break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解 break in 闯进，打断 break into 闯入；强行进入 break out 爆发，发生 break off 打断，断绝； 突然终止 break through 突破；克服 break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束,2. 以bring为中心bring about 导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，打垮，击落bring forward 提出；提前bring in 把带进来；引进；挣得(收入)bring on 导致，引起，使发展bring out 使显现；出版bring up
15、抚养，养育，培养,3. 以call为中心call at 访问(某地)；停泊在call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎call in 召集，收集；下令收回call off 取消，下令停止call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人)call out 下令罢工；召唤出动all up 打电话给；召集；使想起,4.以carry为中心carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回，运回；使想起carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品)carry on 坚持，继续，进行carry out 贯彻，执行，实施carry through
16、 坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺),5. 以come为中心come about 发生come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到come back 回来；恢复，复原come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出come over 访问；突然感到come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生come to an end 终止，结束,when it comes to 就而论，谈到come to life 苏醒come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself 恢复常态com
17、e true 实现，成为现实come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出,6. 以cut为中心cut away 切去，砍掉cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短cut off 切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去cut through 开辟(出路等)cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤,7. 以fall为中心fall back 撤退，后退fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面fall down 不够好fall in love with 爱上fall into 陷入；养成fall off 衰退，减少fall over 被绊倒,8. 以get为中心get about 徘徊
18、，走动；流传get across 使被理解get along 前进，进步；离去，相处get around 走动；传播get away 离开，逃脱get back 取回，回来；报复get down to 认真对待，静下心来get out of 由出来，从得出；避免；放弃,get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through 拨通；到达；完成；通过；及格get up 起床，起立；忙于，从事 9. 以give为中心give away 赠送；失去；泄露give back 归还；使恢复give in 屈服，让步，投降give off 发出(烟、
19、气味)give out 分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽give up 放弃；停止,10.以go为中心go about 开始做某事；忙于某事go across 度过，越过go after 追逐，追求，跟随go against 反对，不利于go ahead 前进，进展，继续go along with 陪伴，和一道走go away 离开，走掉go by 经过，过去go for 支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿)go off 走开；爆炸,go on 继续，接下去go out 出去；熄灭；送出；播出go over 温习，检查go round 拜访；参观go through 审查，履行；通过；经历，忍受go
20、too far 走得太远，做/说得太过火go up 上升，上涨；攀登go without 没有也行,11. 以hold为中心hold back 隐瞒；阻止；克制hold down 压制；压低hold on 坚持；等一等，别挂断hold on to 抓住不放；不卖hold out 伸出；提供机会hold up 举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁,12.以keep为中心keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒keep in mind 记住keep off 不接近，远离；避免吃(或喝、吸)某物keep out 使不入内；不卷入keep pace with
21、 跟上，同步调一致keep to 坚持；固守，遵守keep up 继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持keep up with 赶上，跟上，与并肩前进,13. 以lay为中心lay aside 把放在一边；留存备用lay down 放下；规定lay off (暂时)解雇；停止lay out 铺开，展开 14. 以leave为中心leave behind 留下，忘记携带； 超过；永久离开leave out 省去，遗漏，不把计算在内leave off 停止；中断leave over 留下，剩下leave alone 不干涉，不打扰,15. 以look为中心look about 四下环顾；查看look
22、 after 照顾，看管look around 东张西望look back 回顾，回头看look back on/upon 回顾look for 寻找；期待，期望look down on/upon 俯视；轻视look forward to 盼望，期待look into 窥视；调查；浏览look on/upon as 把看作,look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防look out for 当心，寻找，搜寻look through 透过看去；看穿；浏览look up 查阅；仰视look up to 仰慕，尊敬 16. 以pick为中心pick off 去除；选择(目标)射击pick out 精
23、心挑出，辨别出pick up 接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到,17. 以pull为中心pull apart 拉开，分开pull away 开动pull down 拉下，拉倒；拆毁；使(价格)下降；使扫兴pull in (车船)抵达pull off 短暂停车；获得成功pull out 驶出，离开pull through 克服困难；恢复pull up 停止；训斥,18. 以put为中心put aside 把放在一边；搁置；积蓄，攒钱put away 把放好，把收拾；储藏put back 把放回原处put down 放下；镇压；记下put an end to 结束，终止，废除put fo
24、rward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡put in 安装；添上；打断put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下put on 上演；穿上；增加；开动,put ones heart into 全神贯注，专心致志put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出put through 完成；(电话用语)拨通；使穿过put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；安排住宿put up with 忍受，容忍 19. 以send为中心send away 解雇；赶走，把送往远处send for 派人去叫(请、拿)send off 发出，寄出；邮购，函购send out 发出，散发send up 发射；使上升；取笑,20.以set为
25、中心set about (doing) 着手，开始set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样set aside 留出；放在一边；暂不考虑set back 使推迟；使花费set down 放下，卸下；登记，记载set free 释放(某人)set off 出发；使爆炸；引起set out 出发；发表；着手做某事set up 建立，设立，开办；引发，产生,21. 以take为中心take after 仿效，与相似take away 拿走，减去；消除take back 收回，取消take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎take charge of 负责，主管take d
26、own 取下；记下；拆毁take in 留宿；欺骗；吸收；理解takeinto account/consideration 考虑，重视,take off 脱去，除去；起飞，起程take on 呈现；雇佣；承担，担任take ones place 代替take out 拿出，取出；去除take over 接管，接任；占上风take part in 参与，参加take place 发生；举行take pride in 以为荣，对感到骄傲,22. 以think为中心think about 考虑think highly/well/much/a lot of 对评价很高think little/ill/
27、nothing of 轻视，看不起think of as 把看作think out 仔细考虑，想通think through 想通；充分考虑think up 想出；发明,23.以throw为中心throw at 把投向throw away 丢弃，浪费；错失(机会)throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事throw out 逐出；否决；散发throw up 呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造,24 以turn为中心turn away 把打发走，转脸不理睬turn down 调小；驳回，拒绝考虑turn off 关上；拐弯；使厌烦turn on 打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击turn out 出席
28、；证明是；向外；出现turn over 翻转；转动turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来turn in 上交turn to 转向，求助于turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来,1【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully. 【正】 He is listening carefully. 【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully. 【解析】学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。,2【误】 The mixture is tasted
29、terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get, become, grow等)外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构。,3 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. Aset out Btook over Ctook up Dset up【误】 B 【正】 C【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表
30、示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事”。句意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。set out“出发， 开始”；take over“接收， 接管”；take up“拿起， 开始从事”；set up“设立， 竖立”。根据题意选C。,1 2010全国卷 The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. Acarried Bdelivered Cpressed Dpacked【解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。,2 2010辽宁卷 The n
31、ew movie _ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time. Apromises Bagrees Cpretends Ddeclines【解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有的希望”的意思；agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。,3 What the young man cant _ is that his mum always treats him li
32、ke a baby. Asupport Bundertake Chold Dbear【解析】 D 考查动词辨析。A意为“支持”；B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。 4 We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. Aload Bhold Cfill Dsupport【解析】 B 根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。,5. The film Avatar will
33、 be on tonight but its at 1：30 am. I dont want to _ that late. Astay up Bshow off Cput up Dget off【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。stay up熬夜；show off炫耀，卖弄；put up举起，建起，张贴；get off下车，出发，脱掉。根据题干意思选A。,6 How are you managing to do your business without a secretary?Well, I _ somehow. Aget along Bcare about Cwatch out Dset
34、off【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。get along(勉强)生活，工作下去；care about关注；watch out小心；set off出发。 7Ive _ my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it. Aforgot Bleft Cremained Dlost【解析】 B 根据句意，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。,8 Dont let yourself be _ into doing anything you dont want to do. Atold Bmade Ctalked Dasked【答案】 C
35、9 The designs of the few tools should be _ carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job. Atried BexaminedCexperimented Dexperienced【答案】 B,10He cant be at home now, for I saw him _ in the gym just now. Agiving out Bworking outCcarrying out Dbringing out【解析】 B 本题考查短语辨析。give out用完
36、，分发；work out解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。,11So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me?Well，I kind of forgot to _， so well have to do French. Aconsult Border Creserve Dconfirm【解析】 C 由答语的“so well have to do French”可以看出，这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的中国饭菜了，只有“我”
37、忘了预定(reserve)可以讲得通。consult商讨，向请教；order点餐(菜或饮料)；confirm证实；确定。,12One primary goal of UNESCO is to _ modern knowledge societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge. Amake up Bpolish upCbuild up Dtake up【解析】 C 考查动词短语辨析。build up建立；take up从事；polish up改善，润色；make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化
38、妆。句意为：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有的人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的一个主要目标。,13Its extremely dangerous for the drivers to _ speed as the traffic lights are changing. Apull up Bput up Crise up Dpick up【解析】 D 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：对于司机来说在红绿灯变换时，加速是非常危险的。pull up停下来；put up建造，举起，提供住宿；rise up起义，上升，为不及物动词词组。pick up“加速”，符合题意。,14His guilty exp
39、ression _ my suspicion. Aconsidered BcommittedCconfirmed Dconvinced【解析】 C confirm证实，确认。句意为：他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。consider认为；考虑；commit犯罪；做承诺；convince说服，使信服。 15We complained to the travel agency about the horrible service during our trip, but no one has _ by now. Aresponded BadvocatedCrecovered Dsurvived【解析】 A respond答复，回应；advocate主张；拥护；recover恢复，找回；survive幸存，生还。,
