1、,Well Come to English Class,unit fourGrammar The infinitive动词不定式,Learning aims: Master the infinitives structureMaster the infinitives usage Master the infinitives form Learning important points: Master the infinitives form Master the infinitives usage Learning difficult point: Master the infinitive
2、s tense,动词不定式口诀 不定式有标记，to与动原连一起。 没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。 主宾定补表状语，唯独作谓不可以。 Not加上不定式，否定结构牢牢记。 疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。,动词不定时的构成To +动词原形(To) +动词原形,动词不定时的用法主宾定补表状语,1 作主语 1）To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student. 掌握一门外语对大学生是必要的。 2) To be a pilot is my dream. 当一名飞行员是我的梦想。,注2：在此要
3、掌握两种句型：（1）It took sb. some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间去做某事 例如：It took us two hours to get there by bike.（2）It is/was +adj. + of/for +sb.+ to do sth. 如果形容词表示人的品行 kind,nice,careless,wise,rude等），则不定式前用of。 例如：It was stupid of her to make such a mistake.她真蠢，犯这样的错误。It is good for us to take part in physical l
4、abour.参加体力劳动对我们有益。,2 作宾语 I expect to see you tomorrow. 我希望明天见到你。 She wanted to borrow my dictionary.她想要借我的词典。,注：后跟不定式作宾语的动词有：pretend, refuse, learn,hope, wish, ask, agree, plan,determine, decide, offer, expect,promise, try, manage等。假装拒绝学习，两希望要求同意计划，下决心决定提出期望，答应尽力设法完成，后跟不定式作宾语。,3 作表语 Our plan is to f
5、inish the work in three weeks.我们的计划是三周内完成这项工作。His wish is to become a pop singer.他的愿望是成为一名流行歌手。 注：表示将来的动作多用不定式作表语，主语通常为duty, plan, wish, hope, idea, purpose。,作定语 1)Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗? 2)Betty was the first to know the truth. 贝珶是第一个知道真相的人。,作状语 He spoke loudly in order to be heard.（
6、目的状语） 他大声说话是为了被听见。 They jumped with joy to hear the news.（原因状语） 他们听到消息高兴地跳起来。 Im too tired to walk any further tonight.（结果状语） 今晚我太累了而不能走远。,作宾补 She asked me to stay here.她要我待在这儿。2）I saw her enter the room last night.昨晚我看到她进入了这个房间。,判断下列句子中动词不定式所作的成分。 1 Its necessary to learn a foreign language. ( ） 2
7、His dream is to be a doctor.（ ） 3 I hope to see you.（ ） 4 please show us how to do that.（ ） 5 please ask him to come here quickly.（ ） 6 Have you got anything to eat?（ ） 7 we went there to see our grandparents.（ ） 8 I am very sorry to hear that.（ ）,主语,表语,宾语,补语,补语,定语,目的状语,原因状语,注意：,A 有些动词后面的不定式不带 to ，如
8、feel（一感） hear， listen to（二听） make ，have， let （三让）see， watch ，notice， observe（四看） 1 I heard them sing a pop song. 2 The teacher made me answer the question. 3 we watched them play football.,注意,B 动词不定式的否定式只需在 to 前加not 。 妈妈告诉我不要在街上玩。 Mother told me not to play in the road. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 Zhang Ming aske
9、d me not to stay at home all day.,C 带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。 Mr li will teach us how to use the computer. 李老师将教我们怎样使用电脑。 Can you tell me where to get the book? 你能告诉我在哪儿能得到这本书吗？,注意,D 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to. Would you like to come to my party? 你来参加我的集会吗？ Yes ,Id love to (come to your party
10、) 是的，我愿意。 Mary wanted to use my bike ,but I asked her not to ( use my bike). 玛丽想用我的自行车，但是我告诉她不能。,注意,1.动词不定式的一般式( to do)表示的动作通常与主要谓语所表示的动作（状态）同时（几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。例如：Who heard her sing ? 谁听见她唱歌了？ They invited us to go there this summer. 今年暑假他们邀请我们去那里。,2.动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作（状态）之前发生。
11、 例如： He is said to have written a new novel. 据说他写了一本新小说。 He pretended to have finished his homework.他假装已经完成了他的作业。,3.动词不定式的进行式（TO be doing)表示当谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定时表示的动作正在进行。 例如： They are said to be building in that area now.据说他们在那个地区正在建房子。 He pretended to be listening attentively.他假装专心的听讲。,Practice :choo
12、se the best answer. 1 It is necessary for you _your job. A changing B to changed C change D to change 2 we must do everything we can _them. A help B helped C to help D helping 3 Im glad _you. A see B to see C seeing D saw,D,C,B,4 I dont know where _. A going B went C go D to go 5 I saw the train _th
13、e station. A come into B to come into C came into D to came into 6 Would you like something _? A eating B to eat C ate D eat 7 The first thing I want to do is_. A visit to him B to visit him C visiting him D visited him,D,A,B,B,8.It is kind _ you _ my bicycle. A. of, repair B. for, to repair C. of, to repair D. for, repair 9.It is not hard _ one _ a bit of good. for, do B. of, to do C. for, doing D. for, to do 10. _ took me one hour to finish my homework. A. It B. That C. This D. He,C,D,A,Sum up,构成,用法,时态,动词不定式,To +动原 （To） +动原,一般式 完成时 进行时,主宾定补表状语,Home work: Do workbook II,good bye,
