1、使役动词,The causative,(1)动词have除了可以作为助动词构成完成时以外,还可以作为完全动词表示“拥有”或代替take, eat, receive, experience等动词。 Did you have a good meal? 您吃得好吗? He has five cars. 他有5辆车。 have+名词可以代替普通动词 They had a nice swim. 他们很畅快地游了泳。,(2) have作为完全动词还可以构成使役式,其形式为:have+名词或宾格代词+动词的过去分词。由于have是完全动词,所以其疑问句与否定句由do/ did 构成。与被动语态相似,使役式着
2、重表示的是对某物(或某人)做了什么而不是某人做了什么。 Im repairing my car. 我在修理自己的汽车。(主动语态) My car is being repaired. 我的汽车正在检查。(被动语态) Im having my car repaired. 我正在让别人修理我的汽车。(使役式的进行式),用被动语态或使役式时,我们可能不知道或认为不必指明为我们服务的人是谁。然而,使役式比被动语态更加强调“使“别人为我们服务这一事实。我们要表示让别人为我们做某事时,通常不用主动语态。让别人给理发时,不可以说I want to cut my hair而要说 I want to have
3、my hair cut. Did she mend the type write herself? 是她自己修理打字机的吗?(主动语态) No, she had it mended in town. 不,她让别人在城里修的。(使役式) How nice your car looks! 你的车看上去真漂亮! Thank you. Ive just had it washed. 谢谢。我刚让人洗过。(使役式的完成式) Youll need some warm clothes for the journey. 这次出去旅行你需要带一些暖和的衣服。 Ill have some made next week. 我下周就让人做几件衣服。(使役式的将来式) He says hes got to cut the trees down. 他说他得砍掉这些树。 He cant cut them himself! Why doesnt he have them out? 他自己砍不了!他为什么不让别人砍呢?(Why doesnt .结构一般表示建议) 使役式也可以用以指人: While Im away, Ill have you looked after. 我不在的时候,我会让人照顾你的。,