代词和冠词.ppt

1、决胜高考,专案突破,名师诊断,对点集训,第一部分 基础知识板块,【诊断平台】,1.Could you tell me where you bought your beautiful handbag? I want to buy too.,A.one B.that,C.this D.it,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,2.Those who put their money away in the bank know very well that in- terest rate could go rise or fall.,A.both ways B.all ways,C.neither

2、 way D.either way,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,3.Building a new school is one thing, while keeping it running smooth- ly is quite .,A.the other B.another,C.neither D.others,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,4.Do you allow smoking in the office?,No. smoking here will be fined.,A.Whoever B.Anyone,C.Everyone D.Anyone who,名师诊

3、断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,5.We all regard our duty to help those who are too poor to go to school.,A.this B.that,C.it D.us,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,6. spacecraft Shenzhou-9 took off on September,2012 at Ji- uquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China.,A.A; 不填 B.The; 不填,C.A; the D.The; the,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考

4、,7.How about Christmas evening party?,I should say it was success.,A.a; a B.the;不填,C.a; 不填 D.the; a,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,8.Which of the two poems do you like better?, shorter one, of course. I think its really most in- teresting one.,A.A; the B.The; the,C.The; a D.The; 不填,【答案】15 ADBBC 68 BDC,名师诊断,专案突

5、破,对点集训,决胜高考,【误区诊断】,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,（续表）,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,1.A 考查不定代词。it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a/an+名词; that为特指, 相当于the +名词。这 里指代a handbag,是泛指同样的一个,所以用one。句意:你能告诉我 你是从哪里买的这个漂亮的手提包吗?我也想买一个。,2.D 考查不定代词。根据后面rise or fall提示可知,那些把钱存进 银行里的人都知道利率可能增长也可能降低,通常会出现二者中其 一,所以选either way。,3.B 考查

6、代词。根据句子由while引导对比结构分析,后面情况为除 了前面这种情况外其他一种情况,泛指不确定的一种,another表示 “另一;又一”。,【名师解析】,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,4.B 考查人称代词。由于空格后跟动词的非谓语形式smoking 作 定语,排除A、D两项。因为whoever,who都引导从句,而everyone强调 某范围内的所有人,anyone则强调某范围内的任何一个人,所以只能 用anyone。,5.C 考查代词it的用法。根据句子结构分析可知,这里用it 代替后 面的动词不定式“to help.”作形式宾语,构成it is + adj./ noun. (

7、for / of sb) to do sth。,6.B 考查冠词。根据分析spacecraft后面含有Shenzhou-9,因此这里 是特指,用定冠词the;而Northwest China为区域专有名词不用冠词,因 此答案选B。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,7.D 考查冠词。第一空为特指,特指两个人都知道的那个圣诞晚会 。第二空中的success属于抽象的名词具体化,所以用不定冠词a。,8.C 考查冠词。第一空为特指,指的是两首中较短的那首,所以用 定冠词。第二空后的most interesting,不是最高级,most 相当于very, 所以用不定冠词a。句意:“这两首诗歌当中

8、你最喜欢哪首啊?” “较短的那首,我认为它是一首非常有趣的诗歌。”,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,【考点精要】,一、代词,难点一 it引导词(形式主语,形式宾语,习惯短语),1.it用于替代句子中的动词不定式、动名词或主语从句作形式主语 或宾语。例如:,(2010全国卷,14) The doctor thought it would be good for you to,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,have a holiday.,医生认为度假对你有好处。,(2012陕西卷,13) No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to g

9、o for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在何处,他把早饭前散散步当作一个规 律。,(2011江西卷,25) Why dont you bring it to his attention that youre too ill to work on?,你为什么不让他注意到你病得太厉害无法继续工作呢?,2.it构成的习惯短语,如make it“达到预定目标;及时抵达;走完路程;,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,确定下来”;take it“猜想;以为;断定;成交”;get it“了解;懂得”; have it“拥有;有利”;come off it“别胡说;瞎扯”;b

10、elieve it or not “信不信由你”等。例如:,(2012全国卷,9) Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.,今天上午莎拉及时赶到机场以便赶上她的那班飞机。,难点二 易混替代词,1.it, that, those,it指代前面提到的某一事物的本身即前后为同一个事物,也可用来指,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,代天气、距离、时间、环境等,还经常用于形式主语或宾语,替代不 定式动名词、主语从句或名词从句等。且有些动词,如:hate, like, love等词后面习惯带

11、it作宾语,替代后面提到的某事物。that用于对 比关系,指代前面提到的某个单数或不可数事物。those用于对比关 系,指代前面提到的可数复数事物。例如:,(2012浙江卷,5)Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds. 仔细瞧瞧温迪之家的菜单, 我发觉有很多条与麦当劳的相近。,2.one, the one, ones, the ones,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,one指代前面提到可数事物中不确定的一个;the one指代前面提到可 数事物中特定某

12、特征或某范围的一个;ones指代前面提到可数事物 中不确定的一部分;the ones指代前面提到可数事物中某特征或某范 围的一部分。例如:,(2011福建卷,21)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one based on your own interests. 我们为你准备丰富 多彩的夏令营,你可以根据你的兴趣挑选一个。,难点三 易混不定代词,1.everyone, anyone, someone, everything, anything, something,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考

13、,everyone指某范围内的每一个人,强调整体;anyone指某范围内的任 何一个人,强调个体;someone指不确定的某一个人;everything指某范 围内的每一个事物,强调整体;anything指某范围内的任何一个事物, 强调个体;something指不确定的某一事物。例如:,(2011四川卷,3)There is something in his words. We should have a try. 他的话有些道理。我们应该试一试。,2.neither, none, nothing, no one,neither意为“两个都不”,强调两个事物的全部否定;none意为“(众 多)

14、都不”,强调三个或以上事物的全部否定;nothing指“没有任何,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,事物”;no one = nobody指“没有一个人”。例如:,(2012全国卷,31) Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do. 拉里邀请 比尔和比特一道去野餐,但是他们俩谁都不想去,因为他们有事情要 做。,(2012江西卷,23) My brother would like to buy a good

15、watch but none was available from that shop. 我哥哥想买一块好手表,但那家商店里 现在一块也没有。,3.the other,another,either,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,the other强调特定范围内的两个中的另一个;another指不确定范围的 另一个;either强调特定范围内两个中的任何一个。例如:,(2010全国卷,23) Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and the other half learning drawing. 我用假期的一半时间来练习英

16、语,另 一半时间来学绘画。,(2011上海卷,26) To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and or- dered another. 为了保持头脑清醒,他喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯。,(2010重庆卷,23) He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again. 他在那场战争中身体变坏了,脾气也,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,变得暴躁,此后哪一样也没有得到恢复。,二、冠词,难点一 不定冠词与定冠词的特殊用法,高考除了

17、考查不定冠词和定冠词的一般用法外,还会考查它们的特 殊用法,如:不定冠词用在形容词最高级形式前表示“非常;相当”, 在序数词前表示“另一;又一”相当于another语义,在否定句中用在 形容词的比较级前面表示“没有比这更的了”;定冠词用在by, for,of等介词短语中单数名词前说明每一个单位,在姓氏或形容词前 面表示某姓氏一家人或某一类人。例如:,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,(2012全国卷,7) He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second chance in the long jump. 虽然他失去跳高金牌

18、,但是他却将赢 得跳远的另一个机会。,(2011江西卷,22)Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.,Right, he will also get paid by the week. “听说约翰将从事一份年 薪超过六万的工作。” “是的,他将被按周付酬。”,难点二 冠词与零冠词,高考经常会考查不用冠词的场合,通常在物质名词、专有名词、抽,象名词、泛指的一年四季、一日三餐、棋牌类、游戏类、头衔称 谓、学科分类等名词前不用冠词。大量的习惯短语中有的含有冠,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,词有的则不含冠词。例如:

19、,(2012安徽卷,21) Carl is studying 不填 food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day. 卡尔正 在大学学习食品学,并希望将来有一天能够开办一家自己的肉产品 加工厂。,难点三 抽象名词具体化,一些不可数名词具体化后和不定冠词连用强调种类或一个具体的,人/事/物,例如:,(2012山东卷,29) Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那

20、些艰难的岁月里,能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫 大的安慰。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,【考情报告】,考点分布统计表,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,（续表）,代词在历年高考中主要考查不定代词和it作引导词的用法,尤其 在具体语境中的不定代词用法,以及it用作形式主语、形式宾语和强 调句式引导词等特定句型;高考对冠词的考查主要集中在不定冠词 、定冠词的特殊用法,抽象名词、专有名词的具体化以及零冠词场 合,而且这类题目命题比较灵活多变。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,【考向预测】,今后高考对代词的考查仍将集中在对不定代词和it上,也可能考 查替代词、物主代词和反身代词;对

21、冠词的考查会继续集中在不定 冠词和定冠词的特殊用法,抽象名词、专有名词的具体化以及零冠 词场合。,【解题技巧】,1.仔细分析句子结构,从句子结构找到提示。英语中句型句式 通常都有特定的结构形式,根据具体的结构特点能够准确地找到答 案。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,(2012四川卷,2)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.,A.that B.this,C.one D.it,【点石成金】D 考查代词。通过分析句子结构很容易看出复合宾 语结构“mak

22、e it + adj. +动词不定式”,因此D项正确。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,2.注重分析整个题干的语义语境,通常能够通过前面或后面的某一 情境找到判断答案的语境线索,从而准确地找到答案。,(2012重庆卷,21)John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?, . Ill be off to London then.,A.Either B.Neither,C.Both D.None,【点石成金】B 考查不定代词用法。根据前面约定的星期三或者 星期五可知从两者中选择,结合后面John答语第二句可知表达否定 含义,因此正确

23、答案为B项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,(2012山东卷,21) When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or .,A.whoever B.wherever,C.whatever D.however,【点石成金】A 考查代词的用法。根据题干中Lucy或Helen分析 可知把那本书交给某个人,而四个代词中只有whoever说明人,因此答 案选A项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,3.根据一些习惯短语来判断选择冠词。英语大量短语中有些含有不 定冠词,有些含有定冠词,有些不含冠词,根据这些短

24、语结构可以很容 易地选出答案。,(2012重庆卷,24) Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.,A.不填;不填 B.the;不填,C.the;the D.不填;the,【点石成金】D 考查冠词用法辨析。句子中用了两个固定短语 “appoint sb+职位”表示“任命/委派某人当某职务”,和take the place of sb表示“替代某人”,所以选择D项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,1.(2012赣西四市联考)What do you think

25、 of the furniture on exhibition?,Well, great! But I dont think much of you bought.,A.the one B.it,C.that D.which,【答案与解析】C 考查代词。此处使用that替代不可数名词furni- ture,其后为定语从句,省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。注意 the one用于替代特指意义的单数名词,不能替代不可数名词。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,2.(2012泰安期末)Car seat belts save lives. Every driver should we

26、ar to ensure their safety.,A.them B.it C.those D.one,【答案与解析】D 考查代词。句意:车上的安全带能起到挽救生 命的作用。每个司机都应该系上安全带以确保其自身的安全。one 指seat belt,表示泛指。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,3.(2012莱芜期末)My uncle promised to buy me a nice gift for my birthday, beyond my imagination.,A.everything B.the one,C.anything D.something,【答案与解析】D 考查

27、代词。作单数a nice gift的同位语,可以用 one 也可以用something。句意:叔叔答应给我买一件漂亮的生日礼 物,一个超出我想象的东西。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,4.(2012九江一中月考)I couldnt help if the bus was late.,A.this B.that C.it D.them,【答案与解析】C 考查代词。主句谓语cant help在这里意为 “无法忍受”,it作形式宾语,指代后面的从句。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,5.(2012顺义质检)Have you got any idea for the summer v

28、acation?,Yes. Im going to a peaceful place, especially suitable for relaxation.,A.one B.the one C.that D.this,【答案与解析】A 考查代词。答语的意思是“我将去一个安静的 地方,尤其是一个适合放松的地方”。one指代前面出现的可数名词 单数a peaceful place,是泛指。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,6.(2012石家庄一次质检)Marys parents admitted that she was al- ways contrary to a wish of .,

29、A.them B.theirs,C.their D.themselves,【答案与解析】B 考查名词性物主代词。这里空格处相当于their wishes,所以用名词性的物主代词。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,7.(2012南昌调研)Equipped with the latest facilities, todays schools are quite different from of the past.,A.them B.those,C.ones D.the ones,【答案与解析】B 考查代词。代替的是同名但不是同一个内容的 复数名词schools,用those。句意:今天的

30、学校配备上了最新的教学设 备,和过去的情形迥然不同了。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,8.(2012宝鸡一次质检)Li Qun, who graduated from univer- sity in South China, is now studying for her degree in Euro- pean country,A.a; a B.the; an,C.the; a D.a; an,【答案与解析】A 考查冠词。两个空格分别指的是华南的一所大 学以及一个欧洲的国家,所以用不定冠词表泛指,需要注意的是,空格 后的单词university和European,虽然都是以元音字母

31、开头,但是读音 却是以辅音开头,所以用不定冠词a。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,9.(2012金华十校期末) If you fail this time, dont lose heart. Try to do it second time.,A.the; a B.the; the,C.不填; a D.不填; the,【答案与解析】C 考查冠词。lose heart意为“灰心”; a second time意为“再一次”,这里second不表示第二次,因此不能用定冠词 the。句意:如果这次你失败了,不要灰心,再试一次。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,10.(2012枣庄期

32、末)People who drink and drive are danger both to themselves and to others.,A.the;不填 B.a;不填,C.不填;the D.the;the,【答案与解析】B 考查冠词。danger在这里指的是具体的一件事 情“酒后开车”,所以用不定冠词a;others 指的是其他人,而不是其 他所有的人,所以不能用the。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,11.They believe necessary to inform Mr Brown of the result, although it is very disapp

33、ointing.,A.this B.that,C.it D.them,【答案与解析】C 考查it用法。根据句子结构分析可知这里用复 合宾语结构“及物动词+it+形容词或名词+to do sth”,it替代后面动 词不定式作形式宾语,因此选C项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,12.The apples kept in the fridge are still fresh after three days. Howev- er, in the paper box have gone bad.,A.they B.ones,C.the one D.those,【答案与解析】D 考查替代词用

34、法。由于这里需要替代前面可数 复数名词the apples因此用those,相当于the ones。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,13.When the man became awake, he found trapped in the deep valley of the mount.,A.him B.it,C.he D.himself,【答案与解析】D 考查人称代词用法。根据句意分析可知前后应 该指同一个人,因此用反身代词。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,14.There were so many dictionaries in the reading-room, b

35、ut was helpful to his writing article.,A.none B.no one,C.nothing D.neither,【答案与解析】A 考查不定代词。根据语境分析可知,前面出现 众多事物so many dictionaries,其全部否定应该用none。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,15.I really like this kind of coat, but I dont like the color of this coat. Could you show me colour?,A.the other B.other,C.another D.on

36、e,【答案与解析】C 考查不定代词。商店里的某款衣服颜色通常有 多种供顾客选择,指其中不确定的另一种应该用another。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,16.Mr Brown told us that the climate in Moscow is rather cold in winter than in Beijing.,A.one B.it C.that D.this,【答案与解析】C 考查替代词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知, 空白处指代前面特定的climate,因此用that。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,17.In most countries of the

37、 world, a university degree can give you flying start in your career.,A.the; a B.不填; a,C.不填; 不填 D.the; 不填,【答案与解析】B 考查冠词。根据句意可知前面most countries表 示“大多数国家”不用冠词;后面名词start意义具体化为“开头;开 始”,因此需要用不定冠词。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,18.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to mak

38、e same impression as the first one.,A.a; the B.the; the,C.a; a D.the; a,【答案与解析】A 考查冠词。根据句意分析前面表示“有一次机 会;再有一次机会”应该用不定冠词,后面习惯用法the same.,因此 应选A项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,19.To tell truth, I really like Cathy because she is honest, helpful but shy girl.,A.a; a B.the; an,C.a; an D.the; a,【答案与解析】B 考查冠词。根据句意和

39、结构分析可知前面为固 定短语to tell the truth“说实话”,后面girl是一个可数名词,冠词后 面的形容词honest是读音以元音开头,应该用不定冠词an,因此应选B 项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,20.I admire taller of the two boys over there very much, for I ve never seen taller one.,A.不填; the B.the; the,C.the; a D.a; the,【答案与解析】C 考查冠词。根据结构分析可知前面说明两个事 物或人中较具某特征的那一个,应该用定冠词;后面否定句中比

40、较级 前应该用不定冠词,表示“我从没有看见过比这更高的人了”。因 此C项正确。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,(时间:25分钟),.单项填空,1.During the summer vacation I went back to the school to pay visit to my former English teacher though it was such hot weather.,A.a; a B.the; the,C.a; 不填 D.不填;不填,【答案与解析】C 考查冠词。pay a visit to“参观;访问”;weather 是不可数名词,不能加冠词。,名师诊

41、断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,2.In order to find out how the accident happened, the police are looking for anyone who had it.,A.witnessed B.proved,C.searched D.stared,【答案与解析】A 考查动词辨析。witness作动词,意为“目击”。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,3.The lake is clean and still, so the of the tower can be seen clearly in the water.,A.infe

42、ction B.injection,C.inspection D.reflection,【答案与解析】D 考查名词辨析。句意为“湖水清澈明净,因此 塔的倒影可以在水中看得很清楚”。根据语境可知,此处所缺的意 思是“倒影”。reflection“倒影”。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,4.Did you recognize your friend when she got off the plane?,No, because we each other for about 20 years.,A.havent seen B.didnt see,C.dont see D.hadnt se

43、en,【答案与解析】D 考查时态。see所表示的动作发生在recognize 之前,且与for about 20 years连用,所以用过去完成时。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,5.There are some species living in the depths of the oceans we still know little.,A.in which B.where,C.of which D.of what,【答案与解析】C 考查定语从句。先行词是some species,关系词 在定语从句中作宾语;know little of sth意为“对某物知之甚少”,所 以空格处

44、填of which。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,6.In Singapore, people who littered or dirtied the streets were most like- ly .,A.to fine B.fined,C.to be fined D.being fined,【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。动词fine和句子的主语peo- ple有逻辑上的动宾关系,be likely后接动词不定式,所以选C项。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,7.Calm as I may seem, I am very shy and worried beca

45、use it is my very first time to give a lecture in English.,A.especially B.gradually,C.particularly D.actually,【答案与解析】D 考查副词辨析。Calm as I may seem是让步状语 从句,seem calm是表象,shy and worried是事实,所以应用 actually。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,8.I switch on my MP3 player I travel on the bus or subway, and listening to a Ch

46、inese language lesson.,A.whatever B.however,C.whichever D.whenever,【答案与解析】D 考查状语从句。“打开MP3,收听汉语课”是 在“我乘公交车或地铁”时的习惯,空格处缺少的是引导时间状语 从句的连词,所以用whenever。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,9.Listen! What a beautiful voice!,So it is! My sister her favorite song.,A.sings B.is singing,C.was singing D.has sung,【答案与解析】B 考查动词时

47、态。根据前面的listen可知,sing所表 示的动作说话时正在进行,所以用现在进行时。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,10.My friend sent me an email last night with some of his photos in London to it.,A.attached B.attach,C.attaching D.to attach,【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。attach和photos有逻辑上的动 宾关系,所以用过去分词作补语。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,11.Her dogs started to bark and howl

48、, and that was she heard that awful sound.,A.where B.what,C.when D.why,【答案与解析】C 考查名词性从句。that指狗开始狂吠的时候,所 以空格处用when。句意:她家的狗开始狂吠,那正是她听到可怕声音 的时候。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,12.In my opinion, a stay in the country for some time will be to her health.,A.economical B.beneficial,C.especial D.available,【答案与解析】B 考查形

49、容词辨析。be beneficial to意为“对 有帮助;对有益处”。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,13.I hope the teacher can let me pass this time, I will fail the English exam.,A.and B.yet,C.but D.or,【答案与解析】D 考查连词。let me pass与fail意义上相反,所以用 or,意为“否则”。,名师诊断,专案突破,对点集训,决胜高考,14. our manufacturing facilities, we began to advertise to ob- tain more users.,