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类型从属结构(名词性从句).ppt

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    从属结构(名词性从句).ppt
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    1、从 属 结 构 (一),名词性从句限定分句 形容词性从句副词性从句动词不定式非限定分句 -ing分词 从属结构 -ed分词无动词分句,并列结构 or 从属结构?,并列句,两个分句具有同等的重要性,使用并列连词连接起来,and, but, yet, while, or, not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror,bothand, whereas, only.从属句,两个分句的内容对于说话人来说有主有次, 使用从属连词将主句和从句连接,把次要的思想内容置于限定从属分句,或非限定分句和无动词分居中。,Before she could answer the tele

    2、phone, it stopped ringing.John, who comes from a large, lower-class family, enrolled in college this fall.Expecting trouble, the guards were fully armed.To fasten the development, the government takes some measures.Curious about their new neighbors, the Johnsons went and visited them at the first op

    3、portunity.,时间状语从句,不定式,非限定分句,定语从句,-ing分词,非限定分句,无动词分句,从属连词:从属分句的连接手段,简单从属连词 (one-word subordinator) 复杂从属连词 (以 that / as 结尾) 关联从属连词 边际从属连词注:区分关系词 P 381 关系代词:who(ever), whom, whose, what(ever), which(ever). 关系副词: where, when, how, why 关系限定词,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,在复合句中,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在用法上相当于名词,故统称为名词性从

    4、句。,1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词或介词之后。,宾语从句:,1 I think (that) hell be all right in a few days. 2 Do

    5、 you know who they are waiting for? 3 Pay attention to what the teacher said. 4 We came to where he lived.,1. 我怀疑他是否会说英语。,2. 我毫不怀疑,他会说英语。,I dont doubt that he can speak.,I doubt whether/ if he can speak English.,注意2:doubt的肯定形式后接whether/if从句, 否定和疑问形式后接that从句。,1. 我肯定他能做好。,Im sure that he can do it wel

    6、l.,2. 我不能肯定消息是否属实。,Im not sure whether/if the news is true.,3. 你确定他是一位教师吗?,Are you sure that he is a teacher?,注意3:be sure 的肯定和疑问形式后面接that 从句,否定形式后面接whether/if从句。,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,I dont think this dress fits you well.,注意4:否定的转移 若主语谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含

    7、有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。,表语从句:,This is why we cant get the support of the people.,The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.,1. 这就是我们得不到人民支持的原因。,2. 问题是我们能否在如此短的时间内作好准备.,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词 +表语从句”,表语从句,用表语从句完成下列句子:,1. The trouble is(我丢失了他的地

    8、址).,that I have lost his address.,2. Go and get your coat. Its (在你放的那个地方).,where you left it .,3.What I want to know is(我该买哪部词典).,which dictionary I should buy.,4. It looks (他好象陷入了困境).,as if he has got into trouble.,用if和whether填空 Please tell me_ you will go to the lectures tomorrow. It all depends o

    9、n_ the sky is going to clear up. _ hell be well tomorrow Im not sure.,if/whether,whether,Whether,小结: 引导宾语从句位于及物动词后whether和if可互换; 引导宾语从句位于介词后只能用whether, 与or not 连用时常用whether 引导宾语从句位于句首时用whether *引导表语、主语或同位语从句只用whether 和不定式连用时只用whether.,practice 1) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What, w

    10、hat B. What, that C. That, what D. That, that,A,2). You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how excited they were B. how they were excited C. how were they excited D. they were how excited,A,3). They make _a rule whoever breaks the law will be punished. A. it B. that

    11、C. what D. this,A,4). _ you have seen both fighters, _ will win? A. Since, do you think who B. As, who do you think C. When, whoever D. Since, who do you think,D,5). Mary wrote an article on_ the team had failed to win the game.A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that,A,6). Can you make sure_ the gold ring?A. whe

    12、re Alice had putB. where had Alice putC. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put,C,主语从句是指在句子中作主语的句子:,That the earth turns around the sun is known to us. 地球绕着太阳转,这是众所周知的。,What we need is more practice. 我们所需要的是再多一些训练。,Why he failed the physics exam was not clear. 不清楚他为什么没有通过物理考试。,用that和what填空 I thin

    13、k_ it is unnecessary for me to speak louder. His mother is satisfied with _ he has done. The reason was_Tod had never seen the million pound bank-note.,that,what,that,what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如: (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she i

    14、s still alive is a consolation.,1.It worried her a bit_ her hair was turning gray. A while B that C if D for,B,It是形式主语,that 引导的从句才是真正的主语。,2._ we will play football tomorrow depends on the weather. A If B Whether C That D Where,B,Whether引导主语从句,在主语从句中不用if.,3._ he said at the meeting astonished everybo

    15、dy present. A What B That C The fact D The matter,A,What he said at the meeting 是主语从句。,4._ she could not understand was_ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A What, why B That, what C What, because D Why, that,A,第一个空为what引导的主语从句,what在从句中 做understand的宾语。第二个空为why引导的表语从句,5._ caused

    16、 the accident is still a complete mystery. A What B That C How D Where,A,主语从句中缺少主语,用what,同位语从句:同位语从句一般由that,whether,when等连词 引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem, information,suggestion, proposal demand等名词 后面,说明 该名词的具体内容。,You cant get around the fact that its against the law.,你不能回避这是违法的这一事实。,He ma

    17、de a promise that he will lend us some money.,他承诺他将借给我们一些钱。,1. 我不知道你在这儿。,2. 他还没有作出决定是否去那里。,3. 你听说过这所学校将建在农村的消息吗?,I have no idea that you are here.,He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there.,Have you heard the news that the new school will bebuilt in the countryside?,The other day, my broth

    18、er drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D.that,2. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D.whether,C,B,解析:at 后接宾语从句。当宾语从句中缺少主语,宾语 或表语时,要用what引导,此句中what作宾语从句的主语。,解析: 这是一个同位语从句。解释pr

    19、omise的具体内容, 要用that引导。,3.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flowof carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D.how,4. There is a new problem involved in the popularityof private cars _ road conditions need_. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. wh

    20、at;improving D. when; improving,解析:what引导主语从句,what在主语从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时只起引导作用,不作任何成分;when和how分别表示时间和方式,在主语从句中作状语。,解析: that引导主语从句具体说明“新问题”的内容。need后 既可接动名词的主动式,也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。,C,A,5.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game.-Oh, thats _. what makes me feel excited whatever I feel excited about ho

    21、w I feel about itwhen I feel excited,解析:what引导表语从句,what在表语从句中作主语。,A,6. _ made the school proud was _ more than90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. What ; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because,7. There is a feeling in me_ well never know what a UFO is - not ever.t

    22、hat B. which C. of which D. what,解析:what引导主语从句,what在主语从句中作主语;that引导表语从句,that在主语从句中起连接作用。,解析:同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is - not ever作 a feeling的同位语,解释a feeling的具体内容。 that连接同位语从句时,只起连接作用,不作从句的任何 成分。,B,A,8. Perseverance is a kind of quality - and thats_ it takes to do anything well.what B. t

    23、hat C. which D. why,9. - I think its going to be a big problem.- Yes, it could be.- I wonder _ we can do about it. if B. how C. what D. that,A,C,解析: what在表语从句中作 takes 的宾语,构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。,解析: 这是宾语从句,宾语从句中we can do 后缺少宾语, 根据句意应选what.,10. _ fashion differs from country to countrymay re

    24、flect the cultural differences from one aspect.What B. That C. This D. Which,11. When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule: always give themonkey exactly _ he wants.what B. which C. when D. that,解析: 这是主语从句。主语从句是一个完整的句子,要填 that.,解析: 这是宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,要填写 what 。 Alw

    25、ays give the monkey exactly what he wants 是一句谚语, 意思是“永远给予某人他确实想要的东西。”,B,A,12. A computer can only do _ you have instru- -cted it to do.how B. after C. what D. that,13. Information has been put forward _ moremiddle school graduates will be admitted intouniversities.while B. that C. when D. as,解析:这是宾语

    26、从句。宾语从句中 to do后缺少宾语,要 填 what.,解析: that引导从句作information的同位语,解释 information的具体内容.,C,B,14. -I read about it in some book or other.- Does it matter _ it was.where B. what C. how D. which,15. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.that B. how C. where D. what,解析:宾语从句中it was 后缺少表语。in some book or other 表明这里指的是哪本书,要填which。,解析:这是宾语从句。宾语从句中he had done后缺少宾语, 要填what.,D,D,

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