1、名词性从句,School of Translation Studies,Noun clause,Subject clause (主语从句) Object clause (宾语从句) Predict clause (表语从句) Appositive clause (同位语从句),名词性从句,School of Translation Studies,Subject clause,What we lack is experience. How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.,主语从句,School of Transl
2、ation Studies,Subject clause,That she will succeed is certain. It is certain that she will succeed. It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped.,主语从句,School of Translation Studies,Subject clause,但是如以下几句就不可以用形式主语it: What you lack is experience. Whatever the parents do will have a certain effect on their
3、 children. 这样的引导词还有whoever, whichever.,主语从句,School of Translation Studies,Noun clause,Subject clause (主语从句) Object clause (宾语从句) Predict clause (表语从句) Appositive clause (同位语从句),名词性从句,School of Translation Studies,Object clause,I wish (that) she would understand me. He ordered that we should start at
4、 once. I dont know what she has bought for Fathers birthday.,作动词的宾语,School of Translation Studies,Object clause,Whether he can succeed depend on how we cooperate. He differed from his colleagues in that he devoted his spare time to reading.,作介词的宾语,School of Translation Studies,Object clause,I am afr
5、aid (that) Ive made a mistake. We are not sure whether we can persuade him out of smoking.,作形容词的宾语,School of Translation Studies,Noun clause,Subject clause (主语从句) Object clause (宾语从句) Predict clause (表语从句) Appositive clause (同位语从句),名词性从句,School of Translation Studies,Predict clause,It seems that (as
6、 if ) it is going to rain. This is how Jane lives. The reason why (/that) he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible. seem, be, look, remain,表语从句,School of Translation Studies,Noun clause,Subject clause (主语从句) Object clause (宾语从句) Predict clause (表语从句) Appositive clause (同位语从句),名词性从句
7、,School of Translation Studies,Appositive clause,同位语从句用于对名词作进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,同位语从句,School of Translation Studies,Appositive clause,The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. There arose a question where we could get the loan.,同位语从句,School of Translation Studies,同位语从句V.S. 定语从句
8、,School of Translation Studies,定从中的that既代替先行词,同时又在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),that作宾语时常可省略; The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语),定语从句,School of Translation Studies,同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分,that一般不可省(但the fact that中, that有时可省) The proposal that we shoul
9、d import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting. (同位语从句,that不做成分),同位语从句,School of Translation Studies,定语从句 V.S.同位语从句,定从是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对它加以限定,描述它的性质或特征; 同从等同于先行词,是名词性的,其功能是对名词作补充说明。,School of Translation Studies,定语从句 V.S.同位语从句,It is a fact that she has done her best. (同位语从句) I
10、t is a fact that you cant deny. (定语从句),School of Translation Studies,从属关系注意事项,School of Translation Studies,注意事项1:,区别重要信息和次要信息,把重要信息放在主句中,次要信息放在从句中。主次关系颠倒,句子表达的意思的重心就全变了。比较下列句子: She did not eat because she was angry. She was angry because she did not eat.,School of Translation Studies,注意事项2:,要注意使用恰当
11、的从属连词,清楚地表明主从分句之间的关系:Illogical: Because he was tired and thirsty, he did not give up his hope of finding his lost son.,School of Translation Studies,Revised: Although he was tired and thirsty, he did not give up his hope of finding his lost son.,注意事项2:,School of Translation Studies,Revised: Although
12、 he was tired and thirsty, he did not give up his hope of finding his lost son.,注意事项2:,School of Translation Studies,注意事项3:,不能过多使用从属关系,因为太多的从属会使句子意义模糊,表达混乱。如果在一个句子中出现两个以上的从属连词或者关系代词,就要特别注意意义表达是否清楚,School of Translation Studies,Overused:,I have never before known a man like John, my friend who is always ready to help anybody who is in trouble that involves finances.,School of Translation Studies,Revised,I have never before known a man like my friend John, who is always ready to help anybody in financial trouble.,