1、人教课标 高二选修6 Unit 1,英语教学课件,虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood (I),GRAMMER 语法,条件句表示主句的条件, 分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。,a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句, 也可用于名词性从句等。,二. if 虚拟条件句的概念,由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句,三. if Sentence Str
2、ucture if 虚拟条件句的结构,a. 表示与现在事实相反的假设 b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设 c. 表示与将来事实相反的假设,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1）表示与现在事实相反,例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won
3、the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now, I would go shopping.,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法2）与过去事实相反,例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt have missed the bus.如果你早点来
4、，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in th
5、e exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用
6、法3）与将来事实可能相反,例如：If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？If he should see me, he would know me.假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,If he got u
7、p early,he would be on time.,假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power. b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,shou
8、ld make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.,were to control,would be,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do no
9、w.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,2) if的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如： Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned yo
10、ur book.,3)含蓄条件句与主句.即用without(but for),or(else)代替if从句。例如： Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress. If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.,二. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。,1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟
11、: 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would/could动词原形”。,I
12、 wish you would come soon.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建 议，四个要求。即: 1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand, require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。,e.g. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死
13、刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)V. o
14、rder, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法,1. She insisted that she was right.她坚持认
15、为自己是对的。（坚持事实） 2. His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。,2. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased.,3. Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that you went. Its time t
16、hat you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),as if/as though,由as if (as though) 或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式 (be用were) 或 “had过去分词”。,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or
17、 we dont know whether he owns it or not.),She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.,他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.,4. would rather (that),现在： 过去： 将来：,I would rat
18、her you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,关于虚拟语气 辩析1,关于虚拟语气 辩析2,关于虚拟语气 辩析3,关于虚拟语气 辩析4,关于虚拟语气 辩析5,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Have you ever been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 2. If there were n
19、o water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. have died,3. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. could have gone B. could go C. have gone D. went,4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; wou
20、ld pay D. were; would pay,5. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. wouldnt have B. didnt have C. hadnt had D. havent had,6. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had b
21、een broken 7. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. How I wish _ about it earlier!” A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I know D. Id known,8. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 9. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “I kno
22、w. I wish _ see a doctor.” A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could,10. “You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film was very good.” “I wish I _ yesterday off. Id have gone with you.”A. have had B. had C. have D. had had 11. It is time that we _ this practice.A. stop B. stopped
23、C. will stop D. have stopped,12. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin.A. were B. am C. was D. will be 13. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. have been B. are C. were D. had been,句型练习 (用If I were you句型翻译下列句子),1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。 2. 如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。 3. 万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。 4. 我希望我十
24、年前认识他。 5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。,Homework,关于陈述语气1 (The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,关于陈述语气 2,关于祈使语气 1,关于祈使语气 2,关于祈使语气 3,关于祈使
25、语气 4,真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中if是如果的意思。,时态关系 句型: 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin.,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,答案B真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。,注意： 在真实条件句中, 主句不能用be going to表示将来, 该用shall, will。(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.,2) 表示真理时, 主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形, 而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。,
