1、CET-4 短文写作,CET- 4应考讲座系列,第一讲 考试须知,第二讲 遣词造句,第三讲 布局谋篇,第四讲 体裁讲解,附：历年真题,命题与复习,考试要求,评分原则及标准,写作应试技巧,第一讲 考试须知：命题与复习,命题范围: 四级写作具有显著的现实性。它们基本上可以大学生 的学习、工作及课余生活或涉及当前社会的变化发 展及进步，或者一般的科普性的话题。, 近几年真题作文回顾,命题方向: 论说文,记叙文, 图表作文, 应用文。,具体变化: 1、安排在第一部分考试；2、模板作用越来越弱。,复习建议: 1、重视写作类型与体裁，做到各类模板的融合；2、注意平时积累在阅读钟重要的4级词汇与句式；3、阅
2、读范文模仿写作教师反馈改进提高。,一、写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确 意义连贯 无重大语法错误。二、写作部分考核的技能是： A、思想表达 B、篇章组织 C、语言运用 D、写作格式三、“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。“,第一讲 基本知识：考试要求,1）评分原则 总体评分（Global Scoring）方法 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判 2）评分标准 2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，
3、且多 数为严重错误。 5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差、有较多的严重语言错误。 8分：基本切题。有些地方表述思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误 相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分：切题。表达思想清楚，连贯性较好，但有少量语言错误。 14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯。基本上无语言错误，仅 有个别小错。 字数不足或段落不合要求应酌情扣分： 如题目中给出主题句，起始句，均不得计入所写字数。 对规定写三段的作文，只写一段者得04分；只写两段者得09分。,第一讲 基本知识：评分原则及标准,Directions: For this part, you are allowed to
4、write A Campaign Speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1、你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作。2、如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,评分原则及标准实例：2005年1月短文写作,14分范文,11分范文,8分范文,5分范文,2分范文,Dear fellow stu
5、dents, I am grateful that you offer me the chance to speak here. I am impressed by the speeches of the previous candidates. Yet, I want to prove myself better for the post of chairman. First of all, I have a pleasant personality. Last year I was the dorm director of our building and I managed to get
6、 along with all the students well. I have acquired working experience and communication skills which I consider as the most essential for the coordinator of the whole student union. Secondly, Im always ready to create. At present our union is very well organized. However our activity schedule is sli
7、ghtly monotonous. I am willing to add some vivid elements into it in order to make our campus life more enjoyable. If I am elected the chairman, I promise I will become your voice and build the student union into a bridge between the students and the university. Im your best choice, vote for me, vot
8、e for yourself, thank you!,Hello, everyone. I believe I am the best choice of the post of chairman of the student union. First, I have the ability which is necessary to the post of chairman of the student union. I have been monitor of our class since I came to this school. In the past years, I worke
9、d very well on the post. Second, I have many interests. For example, I play basketball and foot ball very well. My tennis is good, too. Third, I have a lot of friends. Almost everyone likes me. If I were chosen to be the chairman of the student union, I will work for the need of the students. I will
10、 tell the school what we students really need and what we dont want. I believe, I am the best choice for the post of chairman of student union. Thank you! 清清楚楚，该说的都说了，语法上没有什么大问题，篇章连贯，但感觉略缺火候。,Ladies and Gentlemen, all the schoolmates and teachers: I will elect to the post of chairman of the students
11、 union. The reasons I make this decision is that Im desire to do more things for you. Apparently, only wishes are not available. Ill make you believe that not only did I have wishes but also capacity. First, when I was a freshman, I took part in many kinds of activities to accumulate experiences and
12、 now I familiar with the process that how the students union works. Second, I love making friends and I had extensively hobbies. These can make me organize people easily. The third, I take this work very seriously and Ill try my best to improve and develop the students union to make you satisfied. I
13、n a word, Im the right person you have ever been searching. So, support me! Ill never make you disappointed.马马虎虎，想表达某意思，但是有中国式的思维句，有明显汉语的影子。,Thanks everybodies(everybody) to give me a chance to electe(elect) the post of chairman of the student union. Ill do my best in that post. I will inform myself
14、 first. I am a man of hard-working. So I will do anything with my best. I can help everyone who needs help. I have a weild-eyesight. Using computer is my farveate(favorite) thing. Above all, is the reason why I elected the post. If I get the post, Ill solve the problems of every students. First thin
15、g I think must solve is the price in the school. It is too expensive to our student. Second, I think we must have more free time. Nowaday(Nowadays), too many course in our table. So we cannot do something which we want to do. I think it is bad. Last, I wll orginaze(organize) more performances(perfor
16、mances) in school, in order to fill the rest time. I hope everyone give me a chance to acheve（achieve） my hopes. Thanks!,Nowadays in our highly technological society, its wildly belived (believed)that the persons ability is very crucial in our daily life. As for as I can do chairman of Student commi
17、tment for best. First at all I have good communication skill for any people. Secondly I have goodly boby to competent this assign, because I very like sport and every morning do body excises, mealwhile (meanwhile), Im a great student to lead us student for study together, and of course. Last but not
18、 least. If I election successful, I will do my young age, do anything for every classmate rejoice in hoe and patient in tribulation. All of this reason to lead every people to conclution(conclusion) that I can election. Very hope all classmate support me. Thank you!,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧,高分作文技巧,如何提高写作,写作的
19、“七项基本原则”,写作的几个基本步骤,1、体裁 （议论文、说明文、描述文）根据不同体裁确定写法 Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: （1） 做合格
20、大学生的必要性（2） 做合格大学生的必备条件（可以德智体等方面谈）（3） 我打算这样做,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的几个基本步骤,一、审题，仔细阅读和分析题目，准确理解题目要求和相关提示 。,2、主题句It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体主题句)There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student. （说明体的主题句）What I will do in the future is the following.（描述
21、体的主题句）,Good Health（1） Importance of good health（2） Ways to keep fit（3） My own practice,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的几个基本步骤, It is very important to have good health. (将名词importance变成形容词important)There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用there be句型) My own practices are the following.（采用原词）,3、条理,对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚；
22、 对于说明文来说，1、2、3条要清楚； 对于描述文要来，谁干什么要清楚。,第一段：主题句（It is very important to have good health., 正面（With good health, we can.,） 反面（Without good health, we can do nothing. We cant do.）,第二段：主题句（There are four ways to keep fit.） 从几方面说明： Firstly, we should have our breakfast in the morning. Second, we should hav
23、e a nap at noon. Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the music）,第三段：主题句（My own practices are the following.） 具体情况（主语为第一人称代词I，与第二段呼应）In the morning, I have my breakfast. At noon, I have a nap. And in the a
24、fternoon, I always play football. In the evening, I usually listen to the classic music.,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的几个基本步骤,4、 十二句作文法,四、六级的作文要求是要写出120-150字。四、六级作文大都是三段式。 每一段中写上四句话，即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。 这样全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个词，这样就是120-150字。,健康的重要性,第一句主题句，第二句从正面论述，第三句从反面论述，第四句为结论句。,第一段：主题句（It is very important to
25、have good health., 正面（With good health, we can.,） 反面（Without good health, we can do nothing. We cant do.） 结论句：Thus, to keep fit means a lot to all of us.,主题句 There are four ways to keep fit. There are four or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us. 从几方面说明： Firstly, we should have our breakfast in
26、the morning. Firstly, we should have our breakfast, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, in the morning. Second, we should have a nap at noon.Secondly, we should have a short nap, even 30 minutes, at noon. Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. Thirdly, sports exercises are necessar
27、y for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music. And fourthly, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and classic music.,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的几个基本步骤,二、构思。在草稿纸上写下
28、所能想到的观点和关键词，然后认真筛选。三、选择合适的框架之后动笔行文。 1、在写作时根据写作的体裁和类别，选择相应的模式。2、先构思大致框架，对各段内容的安排和过渡作一个设想。3、考试时将已经构思好的观点和想法填入模板中。注意，在写作过程中，不要轻易改变立场或观点，应尽可能按已经构思好的所例内容进行，如果你想到什么写什么，那么你的文章就会显得杂乱无章，缺乏连贯性。,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的几个基本步骤,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的几个基本步骤,四检查修改，检查修改尽可能不对文章做大的改动，不要随便增加观点或增减句子 。,（1）单词拼写和句式表达是否正确。 （2）字母大小
29、写和标点符号是否正确。 （3）主谓是否一致以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性如何。 （4）指代使用是否准确。 （5）动词形式，涉及时态、语态、语气等。 （6）避免词性混用，包括形容词与副词、名词与动词、形容词与动词等。 （7）句式是否有变化。 （8）每一段话是否都紧扣文章的主题，是否都得到了充分的展开。 （9）文章是否连贯，是否使用了过渡性词语，句子之间和段落之间是否都具有逻辑性和条理性。,检查修改实例演练,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 高分技巧和如何提高写作,1）整洁的卷面和漂亮的书写。 2）字数要达到最低要求。 3）结构要完整，脉胳要清晰。 4）避免低级错误。,1）扩大阅读量 2）精读相关
30、范文 3）掌握常用框架结构 4）熟记常用套句与过渡连接词 5）打下坚实的语法基础 6）勤写多练, 返回写作应试技巧,高分技巧,如何提高写作,一、 长短句原则 例：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章
31、主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的“七项基本原则”,二、 主题句原则 例：To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fullyprepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 建议：不要隐藏主体句,三、 一
32、二三原则 1）first, second, third, last2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally3）the first, the second, the third, the last4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally6）to start with, next, in addition, finally 7）first and foremost, besides,
33、 last but not least8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的“七项基本原则”,四、 短语优先原则 I cannot bear it. I cannot put up with it. I want it. I am looking forward to it.,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的“七项基本原
34、则”,五、 多实少虚原则 nice: generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 走出房间: walk out of the room 小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room,六、 多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） I enjoy music and he is fond of play
35、ing guitar. Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 参考：besides, furthermore, likewise（同样，又，也）, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 参考：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite3）因果（so）The
36、snow began to fall, so we went home. 参考：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重） This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. When to go, Why he goes away,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的“七项基本原则”,六、 多变句式原则 5）附加The man whom
37、 you met yesterday is a friend of mine. Mr Liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 注意：同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6）排比Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, ene
38、rgy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. 七、优秀句式原则 The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb t
39、he Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.,第一讲 基本知识：写作应试技巧 写作的“七项基本原则”,短文写作历年真题汇总,2000年6月,2000年1月,2001年1月,2001年6月,2002年1月,2002年6月,2003年1月,2003年6月,2003年9月,2004年1月,2004年6月,2005年1月,2005年6月,2006年1月,2006年6月17日,2006年6月24日,2006年12月,2007年6月,2007
40、年12月,2008年6月,2008年12月,2009年6月,2009年12月,2010年6月,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 上大学的费用（tuition a
41、nd fees）可以通过多种途径解决 2. 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）,历年真题：2000年1月,How I Finance My College Education Several years ago new tuition fee policy was put into practice and college students were asked to pay a certain sum of money. And now, all the students, no matter what subjects they are engaged in, must pay for tuit
42、ion.There are many ways for a student to finance his college education. Most students ask their parents to pay the tuition fee and pay for their books, accommodation and other cost. A student can also apply for the scholarship. Most universities set up scholarship to offer money to the poor students
43、 who do well in entrance exams and reward those who do well in entrance exams and reward those who work well at university. A student can also apply for the low-interest loans. In addition to the above, taking part-time jobs is also a common way for a college student to get money to pay part of his
44、tuition and fees.So far as Im concerned, Id prefer earning the scholarship. This means I must study hard and be a top student, which has always been my goal. After all, the task of a student is to study. And in addition to solving my financial problems, getting the scholarship can also prove my abil
45、ity and is good for my future.,写作范文,范文评讲,返回真题汇总,历年真题：2000年6月,写作范文,范文评讲,返回真题汇总,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words,
46、 and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 很多人认为有必要举行口语考试，理由是 . 2. 也有人持不同的意见，. 3. 我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).,A test of spoken English will be included as
47、 an optional (component of the College English Test (CET). Some people contend that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for years cannot communicate with a native English speake
48、r. Sometimes even those top students who excel at grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely when speaking. A test of spoken English will bring the importance of speaking English to the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their co
49、mmunicating skills.On the other hand, there are also people who maintain that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the average English learners. College students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Also, s
50、ome students may take the shortcut and only practice the questions according to the fixed format of the test, which will not actually improve their spoken English.I believe that a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall make all efforts to practice my spoken English in the rest years in college.,
