1、人教课标 高二选修6 Unit 1,英语教学课件,虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood (I),GRAMMER 语法,What wouldcould you do if you were superman?,If I were superman , I would could ,What mightshould you do if you got much money ?,If I got much money , I might should ,What would could you do if you lived on the moon ?,If I lived on the mo
2、on, I wouldcouldmightshould ,Type1: Sales of products fall if price rise .Type2: If a child buys these toys , he or she will learn nothing .Type3: If all of you went to Beijing University , our school would be the greatest high school in China .Type4: She wouldnt have opened the box if she had been
3、informed of the danger .Type5: If the sun were to / should go out tomorrow , we would have to live in the dark .,真实条件就句还是非真实条件句?,真实条件句,现在时,现在时,现在时,将来时,绝对真实,可能发生,would/could/should /might + 动词原形,非真实条件句,Dialogue : - What would/could/might/should you do if you got a ? - If I got a , I would/could/might
4、/should ,Magic Lantern,Magic Brush,Doraemon,Please do Ex.3 on p5 !,If he _ (drive)more carefully, he_(have) the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If sb had done sth , sb would/could/might/should have done sth .If Tom _(be) more careful in the exam , he _ (pass) it already . 2. If
5、 you _ (get) up earlier , you _ (catch) the first train . 3. If I _ (meet) you yesterday , we _ (go) to the concert together .,had been,would have passed,had got,might have,caught,had met,could have,gone,If sb did/were to /should do sth , sb would/could /might/should do sth . If we _ (have) no natur
6、al resources in the future any more , we _ (make) useof nuclear power . 2. If robots _ (control) the world some day , there _(be) no friendship . 3. If it _(snow) tomorrow , we could makea snowman .,should have,would make,were to control,would be,snowed,A more intelligent student wouldnt have cheate
7、din the exam . 2. It is a pity that the thief should have disappearedin the large crowd . 3. The little actor wishes he could fly like a bird . 4. Had a superman been on the scene , he could have beaten the tough guy . 5. Without Deng Xiaoping , there would be no such powerful China . 6. The old wom
8、an treated the wounded soldier wellas if he were her own son . 7. Should there be no sunlight , there would be no life . 8. If only Jack had not caught Titanic that day . 9. It is required that we (should) take action to protect the environment .,陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come
9、 back home yet. 祈使语气 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,条件句表示主句的条件, 分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。,a. 真实条件句 表示条件
10、是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句, 也可用于名词性从句等。,二. if 虚拟条件句的概念,由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句 I could easily recognize if I had seen him before. 其他虚拟条件句 Without your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time.,三.
11、 if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构,a. 表示与现在事实相反的假设 b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设 c. 表示与将来事实相反的假设,1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件 状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。,虚拟语气,If I were a boy, I would join the army.,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won
12、the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now, I would go shopping.,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (bur
13、st) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,Choose one o
14、f the topics and discuss it in groups.,1. You had a dream that you were a teacher. What would you do if you were a teacher? 2. Suppose you won a lot of money. What would you do with the money?,If I _ a teacher, I.,were,2. 与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语用had过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式； 主句的谓语用should(第一人
15、称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have 动词过去分词。,If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caug
16、ht,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,Solve problems,The students failed the English exam. Could you give him some suggestions? One of your friend got HN1 last year. He suffered a lot. What could you do help him?
17、,3. 与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。,If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,If he got up
18、 early,he would be on time.,假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power. b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,shoul
19、d make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.,were to control,would be,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now
20、.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,二. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。,1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I had
21、nt eaten so much watermelon.,(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would动词原形”。,注意: 主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。 但愿你立刻来。 I wish you would come soon.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,2. 表示要求，命令，建议的
22、虚拟语气。,常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建 议，四个要求。即: 1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand, require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。,e.g. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insist
23、ed that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggeste
24、d that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法,1. She insisted that she was right.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实） 2. His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.
25、他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。,2. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased.,3. Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that you went. Its time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should
26、 go to bed.,(Should不可省略),as if/as though,由as if (as though) 或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式 (be用were) 或 “had过去分词”。,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),She talks about Rome as though
27、 she had been there herself.,他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.,4. would rather (that),现在： 过去： 将来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I woul
28、d rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,关于虚拟语气 辩析1,关于虚拟语气 辩析2,关于虚拟语气 辩析3,关于虚拟语气 辩析4,关于虚拟语气 辩析5,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Have you ever been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 2. If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would ha
29、ve died D. have died,3. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. could have gone B. could go C. have gone D. went,4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay,5. I wish that you _ such a bad headache becau
30、se Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. wouldnt have B. didnt have C. hadnt had D. havent had,6. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. Ho
31、w I wish _ about it earlier!” A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I know D. Id known,8. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 9. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “I know. I wish _ see a doctor.” A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could,10
32、. “You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film was very good.” “I wish I _ yesterday off. Id have gone with you.”A. have had B. had C. have D. had had 11. It is time that we _ this practice.A. stop B. stopped C. will stop D. have stopped,12. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin.A. w
33、ere B. am C. was D. will be 13. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. have been B. are C. were D. had been,句型练习 (用If I were you句型翻译下列句子),1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。 2. 如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。 3. 万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。 4. 我希望我十年前认识他。 5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。,Homework,关于陈述语气1 (The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求
34、，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,关于陈述语气 2,关于祈使语气 1,关于祈使语气 2,关于祈使语气 3,关于祈使语气 4,真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中if是如果的意思。,时态关系 句型: 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 sh
35、all/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin.,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,答案B真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。,注意： 在真实条件句中, 主句不能用be going to表示将来, 该用shall, will。(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.,2) 表示真理时, 主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形, 而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。,
