1、第四章,第二节 词类转译法,英译汉,在英译汉的过程中，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。,一、转译成动词,（一）英语名词转译成动词名词是英语中的一种优势词，在语言心理和逻辑思维中大量使用名词，特别是常用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态、品质、情感等概念。英语名词的表意功能很强，许多在汉语中用动词表达的意念，在英语里却使用了名词。,一、转译成动词,（一）英语名词转译成动词而动词是汉语的一种优势词，连动式、兼语式等是汉语呈动态的具体表现。动词(动词词组)可以充当汉语句子的各种成分，这使汉语句子中变得处处有动词。所以英
2、语句子中的大多数抽象名词及动词转化成的名词等在译成汉语时应译成动词。因而英语中的叙述多呈静态，汉语中的叙述多呈动态。翻译时，很多英语中的名词都可以转译成汉语中的动词。,1. He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。 2. They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 3. Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and
3、cooperation.国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。,4. I am afraid I cant teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。 5. The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。 6. The streets are marked by an absence of color. 街上明显缺乏色彩。,7. The settlement
4、 of Africa by white people started 500 years ago. 白人向非洲移民开始于500年前。 8. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries. 由于世界普遍缺乏粮食，这就直接影响到科威特和其它荒凉的沙漠国家。 9. Starvation was a remote threat.他们一时不必担心饿死。,10. The love of parents for their children is perfect
5、and minute. 父母爱其子女是无微不至的。11. The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。,其他例子:,Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室
6、窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。,Some of my classmates are good singers.我同班同学中有些人歌唱得很好。Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doing.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。,（二）介词转译成动词,1. I am for the proposal，but he is against it. 我赞成这个建议，但他反对。 2. He came to me with a smile. 他带着微笑向我
7、走来。 3. The government is behind this project. 政府支持这个项目。,4. What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。 5. Our attitude towards the question of world war is, first, we are against it; second, we are not afraid of it. 我们对待世界大战这个
8、问题的态度是，第一，反对；第二，不怕。,6. They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks. 他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。 7. The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。 8. He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。,9. It is our goal that the people i
9、n the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。10. The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts. 公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。,（三）形容词转译成动词,1. I am very concerned about her. 我非常挂念她。 2. I am grateful to you for helping me. 感谢你的帮助。 3. We are not content with our p
10、resent achievements. 他们不满足于现有的成就。 4. They are doubtful whether he can afford it. 他们怀疑他是否能负担得起。,5. We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by a tsunami. 获息贵国遭受海啸，我们极为关切。6. We are convinced that with the joint efforts of our two cities, the friendly relation and cooperati
11、on between us will develop further. 我们相信，在两市的共同努力下，我们两市的合作必定进一步发展。,7. Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct. 诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。 8. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you
12、are. 不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。 9. Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？,二、转译成名词 （一）动词转译成名词,1. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好；耐磨性强。 2. The products of this factory are chiefly charac
13、terized by their fine workmanship and durability.该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。 3. Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail.你工作的毛病是粗心大意。,4. To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。 5. The book did not impress me at all.那本书没留给我什么印象。 6. His speech impressed the audience dee
14、ply. 他的演讲给听众的印象很深。 7. Harry aims to become a computer expert.哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。 8. Socialist revolution aims at liberating emancipating productivity. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。,9. His wife has done everything possible to mother him. 妻子竭尽全力，像母亲一样照顾他。 10. The new contract would expire in 5 years. 新合同的有效期为五年。 11.
15、She figured prominently in the last act. 她在最后的一幕里占了很突出的地位。 12. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。,（二）形容词转译成名词,英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。 1. We must respect the old and love the young. 我们应该敬老爱幼。 2. Th
16、ey did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力，帮助病号和伤员。,（二）形容词转译成名词,3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱 。4. The Smiths were religious. 史密斯一家都是虔诚的教徒。,作业：,一介词的转译 1The government is waging a campaign against waste and extravagance. 政府正在开展一场反对铺张浪费的运动。 2. A gre
17、at majority of member nations in United Nations were not in favour of the so-called “human rights” proposal. 联合国的大多数成员国都不赞成所谓“人权”的提案。,3. Every year, a large number of Sichuan peasants leave for Africa to construct roads and bridges as exported labour force. 每年，四川都有大量农民参加劳务输出，到非洲去修建公路和桥梁。 4. It is wr
18、ong to think that heavy industry may develop in isolation from light industry; or that industry in general in isolation from agriculture. 以为可以脱离轻工业而孤立地发展重工业是不对的；以为可以脱离农业而孤立地发展工业也是不对的。,二名词的转译1. Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy，our comprehensive national strength has greatly
19、 been improved. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 2. Violation of any traffic rules by the drivers will be fined by the police. 司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。,3. In order to keep up the reputation of a supermarket，we must lay special stress on the importance of offering good follow-up service. 要维护超级市场的信誉，我们必须特别强调
20、搞好售后服务。 4. Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts. 研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。 5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界历史对研究时事有帮助。,三动词的转译1. Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。2. The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。,3. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。4. To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。,
