1、Grammar,Direct and Indirect Speech by Elaine,Grandpa, mama and Maruko are talking happily.,Lets jump to their conversation!,Mum said, “I really want to have a trip this weekend.” Grandpa said, “Whats your plan for this trip?” Maruko said, “Do want to have a picnic?” Mum said, “Good idea! Do you want
2、 to go to the park or the garden?” Grandpa said, “I am looking forward to this picnic!”,Maruko told her best friend the plan for family trip.,How can I use the Indirect Speech to quote our words? If I want to change Direct Speech into Indirect speech, what should be changed?,Elaine could help Maruko
3、!,What you have learned in this period? You will know how to quote somebodys word directly and indirectly! Now lets move on to some grammatical rules!,直接引语:直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。 (direct speech) 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。 (indirect speech),I am a beautiful girl.,She said that she was a beautiful girl.,What did t
4、he girl say?,转述他人的陈述陈述句,She asked me what I was doing.,She said , “Im going to Beijing.”,She said that she was going to Beijing.,He asked, “Are you a doctor?”,He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.,She asked, “What are you doing?”,2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,选择疑问句由一般疑问句引申,He asked, “Do you speak
5、English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese.,陈述句 用连词that引导, that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替, 注意, 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说told that。,直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化,He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said,
6、“Ill give you an exam tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.,陈述句解题步骤:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,(I dont like computers.),didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导, 原 主句中谓语动词
7、said要改为asked (me/him/us等), 语序是陈述句的语序。,一般疑问句,Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,一般疑问句解题步骤: Is it easy to improve the condit
8、ion of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.),asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,口语中用法,He just wondered whether Mary would come. He asked whether
9、Mary would come.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.)来表达, 语序改为陈述句语序。,特殊疑问句,He said to me, “Where are you from?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there were in our country.,特殊疑问句解题步骤： When do you harvest the wheat
10、? ( They asked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,(you harvest the wheat.),he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take bus or on foot?” I asked him whether h
11、e would take bus or on foot.,用whetheror表达(不用if/eitheror),选择疑问句（在一般疑问句的基础上变形）,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容
12、在目前和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时, 时态可不变。,The children said, “We love this game.”,The children told us that they love that game.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时, 时态不变。,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要 注意的变化,1.注意时态的变化,2.注意人称和指示代词
13、变化。,3.注意时间和地点的变化,4.注意个别趋向动词的变化,He said he,played football,was playing,had played,had played,would play,had played,Attention:,When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 时间表 c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语 d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语,There are some cases in which we
14、 dont need to change the tense in indirect speech.,He said, “the earth goes around the sun.”2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”,Change direct speech into indirect speech:,Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences
15、either into direct speech or indirect speech:,Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home. 2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.,
16、4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her. 7. “When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father. 8. “Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.,Homework,Review the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.,
